汶川地震引发的次生山地灾害链——以火石沟为例
|
摘要
汶川地震引起岷江支流文井江上游的火石沟发生滑坡,随后泥石流、剧烈河床演变、生态破坏连锁发生,形成典型地震次生山地灾害链。为了研究此灾害链的灾害过程及成灾特征,开展了多次野外勘测。采用GPS、激光测距仪等测绘了灾害区的局部地形,结合遥感、地形图分析,得出地震前后该区地形变化。计算出火石沟滑坡体积约721万m3,泥石流将125万m3左右的滑坡物质带到下游;泥石流堆积体上持续发生剧烈河床演变,上游40万m3的泥石流堆积段达到初步稳定前所发生的泥沙搬运量达6万m3。各级灾害发生量沿灾害链衰减,衰减率约为1/6。经历灾害链的河段,大型底栖动物多样性剧减,河流生态遭到破坏。滑坡创造的约0.25 km2的新生缓坡地较稳定,简单加固后可用于新村镇建设用地。
The Wenchuan earthquake triggered the Huoshigou landslide in the upstream part of the Wenjingjiang River.Following the landslide,debris flows,large fluvial deposits,and ecological changes occurred frequently,resulting in a secondary disaster chain.Field investigations combined spot surveys using a GPS and a laser distance meter,remote sensing,and topographic maps studied the processes and characteristics of the secondary disasters.Landscape changes in the Huoshigou Gorge are described in detail.The landslide volume was measured as around 7.21 million m3 with the debris flows transporting 1.25 million m3 of sediment to be deposited downstream.Intense fluvial process on the debris scoured down 0.06 million m3 of sediment from the 0.4 million m3 deposited debric.The volume of secondary disasters decreased along the disaster chain with an attenuation factor of about 1/6.Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in the area affected by the disasters showed that the river ecosystem was greatly disturbed.The flat land with an area of 0.25 km2 created by the landslide gradually stabilized after the disasters and can be used for new villages after simple strengthening.
The Wenchuan earthquake triggered the Huoshigou landslide in the upstream part of the Wenjingjiang River.Following the landslide,debris flows,large fluvial deposits,and ecological changes occurred frequently,resulting in a secondary disaster chain.Field investigations combined spot surveys using a GPS and a laser distance meter,remote sensing,and topographic maps studied the processes and characteristics of the secondary disasters.Landscape changes in the Huoshigou Gorge are described in detail.The landslide volume was measured as around 7.21 million m3 with the debris flows transporting 1.25 million m3 of sediment to be deposited downstream.Intense fluvial process on the debris scoured down 0.06 million m3 of sediment from the 0.4 million m3 deposited debric.The volume of secondary disasters decreased along the disaster chain with an attenuation factor of about 1/6.Changes in the macroinvertebrate community in the area affected by the disasters showed that the river ecosystem was greatly disturbed.The flat land with an area of 0.25 km2 created by the landslide gradually stabilized after the disasters and can be used for new villages after simple strengthening.
引文
[1]殷跃平.汶川八级地震地质灾害研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(4):3-12.YIN Yueping.Researches on the geo-hazards triggered byWenchuan earthquake,Sichuan[J].Journal of EngineeringGeology,2008,16(4):3-12.(in Chinese)
[2]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-116.ZHANG Yongshuang,LEI Weizhi,SHI Jusong,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-inducedgeohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.(in Chinese)
[3]Koi T,Hotta N,Ishigaki I,et al.Prolonged impact ofearthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountainwatershed:The Tanzawa region,Japan[J].Geomorphology,2008,101:692-702.
[4]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317-323.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,CHEN Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan earthquake area andcountermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Science&Technology for Disaster Relief,2008,23(4):317-323.(in Chinese)
[5]LIN Wentzu,LIN Chaoyuan,TSAI Jingshyan,et al.Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershanlandslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in CentralTaiwan[J].Ecological Engineering,2008,33:220-232.
[6]WANG Zhaoyin,SHI Wenjing,LIU Dandan.Continualerosion of bared rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake andcontrol strategies[J].Journal of Asian earth Sciences.(in press)
[7]XU Qiang,FAN Xuanmei,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan Province,south west China[J].Bulletin ofEngineering and Geological Environment,2009,68,373-386.
[8]Leyla T,Fatma T K.PCB Pollution of Izmit Bay(MarnarSea)mussels after the earthquake[C]//Mehmetli E,Koumanova B.The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants inthe Environment.Dordrecht,The Netherlands:Springer,2008,127-139.
[2]张永双,雷伟志,石菊松,等.四川5.12地震次生地质灾害的基本特征初析[J].地质力学学报,2008,14(2):109-116.ZHANG Yongshuang,LEI Weizhi,SHI Jusong,et al.General characteristics of 5.12 earthquake-inducedgeohazards in Sichuan[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2008,14(2):109-116.(in Chinese)
[3]Koi T,Hotta N,Ishigaki I,et al.Prolonged impact ofearthquake-induced landslides on sediment yield in a mountainwatershed:The Tanzawa region,Japan[J].Geomorphology,2008,101:692-702.
[4]崔鹏,韦方强,陈晓清,等.汶川地震次生山地灾害及其减灾对策[J].科技赈灾,2008,23(4):317-323.CUI Peng,WEI Fangqiang,CHEN Xiaoqing,et al.Geo-hazards in Wenchuan earthquake area andcountermeasures for disaster reduction[J].Science&Technology for Disaster Relief,2008,23(4):317-323.(in Chinese)
[5]LIN Wentzu,LIN Chaoyuan,TSAI Jingshyan,et al.Eco-environmental changes assessment at the Chiufenershanlandslide area caused by catastrophic earthquake in CentralTaiwan[J].Ecological Engineering,2008,33:220-232.
[6]WANG Zhaoyin,SHI Wenjing,LIU Dandan.Continualerosion of bared rocks after the Wenchuan earthquake andcontrol strategies[J].Journal of Asian earth Sciences.(in press)
[7]XU Qiang,FAN Xuanmei,HUANG Runqiu,et al.Landslide dams triggered by the Wenchuan earthquake,Sichuan Province,south west China[J].Bulletin ofEngineering and Geological Environment,2009,68,373-386.
[8]Leyla T,Fatma T K.PCB Pollution of Izmit Bay(MarnarSea)mussels after the earthquake[C]//Mehmetli E,Koumanova B.The Fate of Persistent Organic Pollutants inthe Environment.Dordrecht,The Netherlands:Springer,2008,127-139.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心