利用相对静力学强度测定1998年5月11日印度核爆的当量
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摘要
核爆当量是核试验的重要参数之一.许多地震学家对1998年5月11日在印度Pokhran地区的核试验(POK2)进行研究,给出了(12～60)kt的当量估计,近5倍的估计偏差引起了较为广泛的关注.基于全球数字地震台网宽频带体波资料,我们通过波形反演计算等效震源模型参数,包括静力学强度ψ∞、特征频率k、以及震源深度h和P波在自由表面的反射系数rpp,并利用相对的静力学强度估算了POK2事件的当量.我们发现Lay[1]在美国Nevada试验场(NTS)获得的相对静力学强度与当量的经验公式更适合印度核试验当量估计,并据此计算了这次试验的当量约36kt.这一结果支持1998年5月11日印度核试验的总当量低于60kt的观点.
The estimated total yield of the Indian nuclear tests at Pokhran on May 11, 1998 (POK2) ranges from 12 to 60 kt according to the reports. A factor of about five motivated this study. Based on the broadband seismic body wave data from the Global Seismic Network, we inverted the equivalent source model parameters and estimated the seismic yield for event POK2. We found that the empirical equation between the relative static strength and the yield in the Nevada test site (NTS) obtained by Lay [1] is appropriate for estimating the Indian nuclear test. Our result of 36 kiloton (kt) for the event POK2 supports the point of view that the yield of POK2 is significantly less than 60 kt.
The estimated total yield of the Indian nuclear tests at Pokhran on May 11, 1998 (POK2) ranges from 12 to 60 kt according to the reports. A factor of about five motivated this study. Based on the broadband seismic body wave data from the Global Seismic Network, we inverted the equivalent source model parameters and estimated the seismic yield for event POK2. We found that the empirical equation between the relative static strength and the yield in the Nevada test site (NTS) obtained by Lay [1] is appropriate for estimating the Indian nuclear test. Our result of 36 kiloton (kt) for the event POK2 supports the point of view that the yield of POK2 is significantly less than 60 kt.
引文
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[27]李娟,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2004年7月11日西藏Mw6.2级地震震源破裂过程研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):843～850LiJ,WangWM,ZhaoLF,etal.RuptureprocessoftheJuly11,2004,Tibet(MW6.2)eathquake.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):843～850
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[2]SikkaSK,RoyF,NairGJ,etal.UpdateontheyieldofMay11-13,1998NuclearDetonationsatPokhran.BARCNews.Lett.,1998,178:1～5
[3]SikkaSK,RoyF,NairGJ.Indianexplosionsof11May1998:An analysisofglobalseismicbodywavemagnitudeestimates.Curr.Sci.,1998,75:486～491
[4]SikkaSK,NairGJ,RoyF,etal.TherecentIndiannucleartests:Aseismicoverview.Curr.Sci.,2000,79(9):1359～1366
[5]SikkaSK,RoyF,NairGJ,etal.YieldestimationofIndian nucleartestsof1998.Curr.Sci.,2001,81(8):885～888
[6]RoyF,NairGJ,BasuTK,etal.Indianexplosionsof11May1998:AnalysisofregionalLgandRayleighwaves.Curr.Sci.,1999,77:1669～1673
[7]BarkerB,ClarkM,DavisP,etal.Monitoringnucleartests.Science,1998,281:1967～1968
[8]WallaceTC.TheMay1998IndiaandPakistannucleartests.Seismol.Rec.Lett.,1998,69:386～693
[9]DouglasA,MarshallPD,BowersD,etal.TheyieldsoftheIndian nucleartestsof1998andtheirrelevancetoTestBanverification.Curr.Sci.,2001,81(1):72～74
[10]DouglasA,SelbyND,BowersD.Seismicmagnitudeandyieldfor theIndiannucleartestof11May1998.Curr.Sci.,2002,83(8):989～992
[11]SikkaSK,RoyF,BasuTK.Body_wavemagnitudebiasbetween PokhranandeasternKazakhnucleartestsites.Curr.Sci.,2002,83:992～997
[12]EverndenJF.Estimationofyieldsofundergroundexplosionswith emphasisonrecentIndianandPakistaniexplosions.Phys.Soc.,1998,27:10～11
[13]RingdalF,MarshallPD,AlewineRW.Seismicyielddetermination ofSovietundergroundnuclearexplosionsattheShaganRivertest site.Geophys.J.Int.,1992,109:65～77
[14]MurphyJR.Identificationofseismicsources.In:HusebyeES,MykkeltveitSeds.EarthquakeorUndergroundExplosion.Reidel,Dordrecht,1981.201～205
[15]BacheTC.Estimatingtheyieldofundergroundnuclearexplosions.Bull.Seim.Soc.Am.,1982,72:S131～S168
[16]LayT,BurdickLJ,HelmbergerDV.Estimatingtheyieldofthe Amchitkatestsbywaveformintercorrelation.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1984,78:181～207
[17]ChidambaramR,RamannaR.SomestudiesofIndia’speaceful nuclearexplosionexperiment.Proc.Tech.CommitteeonPeaceful NuclearExplosionsIV,IAEA,Vienna,1975.421～427
[18]MarshallPD,SpringerDL,RodeanHC.Magnitudecorrectionsfor attenuationintheuppermantle.Geophy.J.R.Astr.Soc.,1979,57:609～638
[19]GuptaV,PabinF.InvestigatingtheallegationsofIndiannucleartest preparationintheRajastandesert.Sci.GlobalSecurity,1997,6:101～188
[20]LangstonCA,HelmbergerDV.Aprocedureformodelingshallow dislocationsources.Geophys.J.R.Astr.Soc.1975,42:117～
130[21]BurdickLJ,WallaceT,LayT.Modelinginthenear_fieldand teleseismicobservationsfromtheAmchitkatestsite.J.Geophys.Res.,1984,89:4373～4388
[22]LayT,HelmbergerDV,HarkriderDG.Sourcemodelsandyield_scalingrelationsforundergroundnuclearexplosionsatAmchitka Island.Bull.Seim.Soc.Am.,1984,74:843～862
[23]AndersonDL,HartRS.Attenuationmodelsoftheearth.Phys.EarthPlanetInteriors,1978,16:289～306
[24]纪晨,姚振兴.用于地球物理反演的均匀设计优化算法.地球物理学报,1996,39(2):233～242JiC,YaoZX.Theuniformdesignoptimizedmethodforgeophysics inversionproblem.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),1996,39(2):233～242
[25]IngberL.Veryfastsimulatedre_annealing.Mathl.Comput.Modelling,1989,12:967～973
[26]王卫民,赵连锋,李娟等.1999年台湾集集地震震源破裂过程.地球物理学报,2005,48(1):132～147WangWM,ZhaoLF,LiJ,etal.RuptureprocessoftheChi_Chi(Taiwan)earthquakein1999.ChineseJ.Geophys.(inChinese),2005,48(1):132～147
[27]李娟,王卫民,赵连锋,姚振兴.2004年7月11日西藏Mw6.2级地震震源破裂过程研究.地球物理学报,2005,48(4):843～850LiJ,WangWM,ZhaoLF,etal.RuptureprocessoftheJuly11,2004,Tibet(MW6.2)eathquake.ChineseJ.Geophys.(in Chinese),2005,48(4):843～850
[28]JiC,HelmbergerDV,WaldD.Basinstructureestimationby waveformmodeling:forwardandinversemethods.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2000,90,964～976
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