川西某水电工程气垫调压室原地应力及相关岩体特性参数的测量与应用分析
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摘要
为论证某水电工程高压洞室的方案设计,采用水压致裂技术对高压洞室的原地应力及相关岩体力学参数进行细致的测试。测量结果表明,测点洞段围岩的最小主应力值为5.6～7.9 MPa,最小主应力状态为近水平;测点洞段围岩的抗劈裂强度一般为6.0～8.0 MPa,围岩自身具有较强的承载能力;在7.0 MPa高压下洞壁围岩的透水率大多小于1.0 Lu。因此,该洞段岩体具备较为理想的岩体力学特性,是修建高压力洞室的较好位置。但在规模庞大的高压洞室岩体内的极个别张性裂隙带,由于其承载能力弱,串通性强,高压下漏水严重,是无衬砌高压洞室工程建设的一大隐患。对此进行卓有成效的高压灌浆处理,显著提高围岩结构的完整性,增强其高压封闭功能,这是工程建设成败的关键。
In order to demonstrate the design scheme of the air-cushion surge tank for a hydroelectric project,the hydraulic fracturing technology is adopted to define the in-situ stress and related rock mechanical parameters of rock mass surrounding the high pressure cavern.The measurement results show that the minor principal stress in the rock mass around the high-pressure cavern is 5.6–7.9 MPa and nearly horizontal,the jacking strength is about 6.0–8.0 MPa,and the permeability under pressure of 7.0 MPa is less than 1.0 Lu.Thereforet,he rock mass for the cavern is of good rock mechanical performance and a good pressure-cavern place.But there exist some tensile fissures in the rock mass of high-pressure cavern,which have poor bearing capacity,good connectivity and severe water permeability,and are a huge hidden trouble for the non-supported high-pressure cavern construction.The effective high-pressure grouting measures can improve the integrity of rock mass structures and enhance the high-pressure sealing function,which is the key for the construction of the project.
In order to demonstrate the design scheme of the air-cushion surge tank for a hydroelectric project,the hydraulic fracturing technology is adopted to define the in-situ stress and related rock mechanical parameters of rock mass surrounding the high pressure cavern.The measurement results show that the minor principal stress in the rock mass around the high-pressure cavern is 5.6–7.9 MPa and nearly horizontal,the jacking strength is about 6.0–8.0 MPa,and the permeability under pressure of 7.0 MPa is less than 1.0 Lu.Thereforet,he rock mass for the cavern is of good rock mechanical performance and a good pressure-cavern place.But there exist some tensile fissures in the rock mass of high-pressure cavern,which have poor bearing capacity,good connectivity and severe water permeability,and are a huge hidden trouble for the non-supported high-pressure cavern construction.The effective high-pressure grouting measures can improve the integrity of rock mass structures and enhance the high-pressure sealing function,which is the key for the construction of the project.
引文
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[2]古德生.金属矿床深部开采中的科学问题[C]//科学前沿与未来(第6集).北京:中国环境科学出版社,2002:192–201.(GU Desheng.The science problems of metal bed mining at depth[C]//Foreland and Future of Science(Vol.6)[C].Beijing:China Environmental Science Press,2002:192–201.(in Chinese))
[3]郭啟良,伍法权,钱卫平,等.乌鞘岭长大深埋隧道围岩变形与地应力关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(11):2 194–2 199.(GUO Qiliang,WU Faquan,QIAN Weiping,et al.Study on relationship between deformation of surrounding rock and in-situ stress Wushaoling deep-buried railway tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(11):2 194–2 199.(in Chinese))
[4]刘高,聂德新,韩文峰.高应力软岩巷道围岩变形破坏研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):726–730.(LIU Gao,NIE Dexin,HAN Wenfeng.Deformation and failure of surrounding rocks of roadway in high stressed soft rocks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):726–730.(in Chinese))
[5]李铁,蔡美峰,张少权,等.我国的采矿诱发地震[J].东北地震研究,2005,(3):1–26.(LI Tie,CAI Feifeng,ZHANG Shaoquan,et al.Ming-induced seismi city in China[J].Seismological Research of Northeast China,2005,(3):1–26.(in Chinese))
[6]谷明成,何发亮,陈成宗.秦岭隧道岩爆研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(9):1 324–1 329.(GU Mingcheng,HE Faliang,CHEN Chengzong.Study on rock burst in Qinling tunnel[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(9):1 324–1 329.(in Chinese)).
[7]唐荣昌,韩渭宾.四川活动断裂与地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1993.(TANG Rongchang,HAN Weibin.Active fault and earthquake in Sichuan Province[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,1993.(in Chinese))
[8]刘允芳.岩体地应力与工程建设[M].武汉:湖北科学技术出版社,2000:244–276.(LIU Yunfang.Geostress and engineering construction[M].Wuhan:Hubei Science and Technology Press,2000:244–276.(in Chinese))
[9]郭啟良,安其美,赵仕广.水压致裂应力测量在广州抽水蓄能电站设计中的应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):828–832.(GUO Qiliang,AN Qimei,ZHAO Shiguang.Application of hydraulic fracturing test in the design of Guangzhou pump storage project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):828–832.(in Chinese))
[10]郭啟良,安其美,赵仕广,等.浅谈水压致裂应力测量资料的解释与分析[C]//地壳构造与地壳应力文集8.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1996:103–113.(GUO Qiliang,AN Qimei,ZHAO Shiguang,et al.The analysis and interpretation of the data of hydraulic fracturing stress measurement[C]//Crustal Tectonic and Crustal Stress Works 8.[S.l.]:[s.n.],1996:103–113.(in Chinese))
[11]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study of three dimensional geo-stress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[12]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL 31–2003水利水电工程钻孔压水试验规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2003.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL 31–2003 Code of water pressure test in borehole for water resources and hydropower engineering[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2003.(in Chinese))
[13]郭啟良,丁立丰,张志国,等.压力洞室围岩的高压透水率测试技术与应用研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):230–235.(GUO Qiliang,DING Lifeng,ZHANG Zhiguo,et al.Study of high pressure permeability measurements and applications for pressure tunnels[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):230–235.(in Chinese))
[14]李宁,罗俊忠,常斌,等.洞室设计与分析的新思路与新方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):2 155–2 159.(LI Ning,LUO Junzhong,CHANG Bin,et al.New method for design and analysis of underground caverns[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(10):2 155–2 159.(in Chinese))
[15]谷兆祺,李新新,郭军合.挪威水电工程经验介绍[M].特隆赫姆:泰比亚出版公司,1985.(GU Zhaoqi,LI Xinxin,Guo Junhe.Experiences in Norwegian hydropower engineering[M].Trondheim:Tapir Publishers,1985.(in Chinese))
[16]马淑芝,贾洪彪,易顺民,等.罗湖断裂带地应力场三维有限元模拟分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3 898–3 903.(MA Shuzhi,JIA Hongbiao,YI Shunmin,et al.Analysis of geostress field simulation in Luohu fault zone with 3D finite element method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3 898–3 903.(in Chinese))
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