利用伪Margenau-Hill分布提取地震波能量衰减梯度
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摘要
地震波在聚集了石油、天然气的储层中传播时存在能量的剧烈衰减,且频率越高能量衰减越快,所以通过地震波高频端能量衰减梯度可以灵敏地检测地层中是否存在烃类流体。通过传统的傅里叶变换求取地震波能量衰减梯度面临诸多问题,而伪Margenau-Hill(PMH)分布作为科恩类时频分布的一种则具有许多优良的特性:真边缘性、弱支撑性、好的时频聚集性等。为此,该文将PMH分布的时频分析方法引入到了地震波吸收衰减分析技术中,利用地震波高频端能量与其对应频率的拟线性关系来计算各时刻的地震波能量衰减梯度。实际资料应用表明,利用PMH分布来求取地震波能量衰减梯度在储层预测中具有重要意义。
It is stated that the propagation of seismic wave in oil & gas reservoirs is accompanied by intense energy attenuation, and the frequency component is higher, the energy will be absorbed more. Thus energy attenuation gradient can be used to detect hydrocarbon sensitively. Conventional Fourier transform suffers from time-frequency resolution problems, while Pseudo-Margenau-Hill distribution has many favorable properties, such as time-frequency marginal distribution, "weak" finite support, time-frequency location, which is one of Cohen class time-frequency distribution. The time-frequency analysis based on Pseudo-Margenau-Hill distribution is presented for energy attenuation gradient estimation, and the log of energy and frequency of higher band is used to calculate the energy attenuation gradient. The practical application shows the effectiveness of the method in hydrocarbon reservoir prediction.
It is stated that the propagation of seismic wave in oil & gas reservoirs is accompanied by intense energy attenuation, and the frequency component is higher, the energy will be absorbed more. Thus energy attenuation gradient can be used to detect hydrocarbon sensitively. Conventional Fourier transform suffers from time-frequency resolution problems, while Pseudo-Margenau-Hill distribution has many favorable properties, such as time-frequency marginal distribution, "weak" finite support, time-frequency location, which is one of Cohen class time-frequency distribution. The time-frequency analysis based on Pseudo-Margenau-Hill distribution is presented for energy attenuation gradient estimation, and the log of energy and frequency of higher band is used to calculate the energy attenuation gradient. The practical application shows the effectiveness of the method in hydrocarbon reservoir prediction.
引文
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[6]Rickett J.Estimating attenuation and the relative information content of amplitude and phase spectra[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):20-27.
[7]Li Yandong,Zheng Xiaodong.Wigner-Ville distribution and its application in seismic attenuation estimation[J].Applied Geophy-sics,2007,4(4):245-254.
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[13]Best A I,McCann C,Sothcott J.The relationships between theve-locities,attentions,and petrophysical properties of reservoir sedi-mentary rocks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1994,42(2):151-178.
[14]王孟华,崔永谦,张锐峰,等.泥灰岩裂缝储层预测方法研究[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):114-119.
[15]滕团余,潘建国,张虎权,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层综合预测技术分析[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):14-19.
[16]王曦莎,易小燕,陈青,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩井间连通性研究——以S48井区缝洞单元为例[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):126-133.
[17]刘伟方,段永华,高建虎,等.利用地震属性预测碳酸盐岩储层[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):101-104.
[18]宋传春.地震-地质综合研究方法述评[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(2):133-139.
[19]叶朝阳,秦启荣,龙胜祥,等.川西飞仙关组海相碳酸盐岩储层特征与评价[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(1):61-65.
[20]谭开俊,张帆,赵应成,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘火山岩溶蚀孔隙特征及成因机制[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(3):22-25.
[2]Toksoz M N,Johnston D H.Seismic wave attenuation[M].Tulsa:Society of Exploration Geophysicsts,1981:45.
[3]辛广柱,刘赫,彭建亮,等.地质因素和资料因素对地震属性的影响[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):105-108.
[4]Tonn R.The determination of seismic quality factor Q from VSP data:A comparison of different computational methods[J].Geophy-sical Prospecting,1991,39(1):9-18.
[5]Leggett M,Goulty N R,Kragh J E.Study of traveltime and amplitude time-lapse tomography using physical model data[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1993,41(5):599-619.
[6]Rickett J.Estimating attenuation and the relative information content of amplitude and phase spectra[J].Geophysics,2007,72(1):20-27.
[7]Li Yandong,Zheng Xiaodong.Wigner-Ville distribution and its application in seismic attenuation estimation[J].Applied Geophy-sics,2007,4(4):245-254.
[8]刘立峰.地震波吸收衰减技术在缝洞型碳酸盐岩储层预测中的应用[J].石油地球物理勘探,2009,44(S1):121-124.
[9]唐向宏.时频分析与小波变换[M].北京:科学出版社,2008:110-113.
[10]Klimentos T,McCann C.Relationships among compressional wave attenuation,porosity,clay content,and permeability in sandstones[J].Geophysics,1990,55(8):998-1014.
[11]Toksoz M N,Johnston,G H,Timur A.Attenuation of seismic waves in dry and saturated rocks,Laboratory measurements[J].Geophy-sics,1979,44(4):681-690.
[12]陈博涛,王祝文,丁阳,等.Hilbert-Huang变换在阵列声波测井信号时频分析中的应用[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(1):93-97.
[13]Best A I,McCann C,Sothcott J.The relationships between theve-locities,attentions,and petrophysical properties of reservoir sedi-mentary rocks[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1994,42(2):151-178.
[14]王孟华,崔永谦,张锐峰,等.泥灰岩裂缝储层预测方法研究[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(3):114-119.
[15]滕团余,潘建国,张虎权,等.塔中地区碳酸盐岩储层综合预测技术分析[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):14-19.
[16]王曦莎,易小燕,陈青,等.缝洞型碳酸盐岩井间连通性研究——以S48井区缝洞单元为例[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(4):126-133.
[17]刘伟方,段永华,高建虎,等.利用地震属性预测碳酸盐岩储层[J].岩性油气藏,2007,19(1):101-104.
[18]宋传春.地震-地质综合研究方法述评[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(2):133-139.
[19]叶朝阳,秦启荣,龙胜祥,等.川西飞仙关组海相碳酸盐岩储层特征与评价[J].岩性油气藏,2009,21(1):61-65.
[20]谭开俊,张帆,赵应成,等.准噶尔盆地西北缘火山岩溶蚀孔隙特征及成因机制[J].岩性油气藏,2010,22(3):22-25.
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