单轴压缩下岩石声发射定位实验的影响因素分析
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摘要
应用声发射及其定位技术,在单轴压缩载荷作用下,采用实验方法观察重庆细砂岩试样破裂失稳过程中其内部微裂纹孕育、发展的三维空间演化模式,研究岩石声发射定位实验的影响因素。实验结果表明:(1)端部摩擦对岩石破裂过程中的声发射特征影响显著,采用1∶1(质量比)硬脂酸和凡士林的混合物作为减摩剂进行AE定位实验,在试样初始压密阶段基本没有AE事件,取得较好的效果。(2)重庆细砂岩的AE定位事件主要分布在中部,呈散漫分布,两端没有明显的条带丛集现象,中部没有得到声发射定位事件的"空白区",通过与相关成果的对比,说明岩石的种类、构造和均匀程度是AE定位实验的主要影响因素之一。(3)加载方式和加载的控制方式会直接影响岩石试样破坏的进程和程度,从而影响AE事件。(4)通过重庆细砂岩试样疲劳荷载AE定位实验说明加载历史对AE时间序列及AE事件均有影响。以上实验和分析结果可以为岩石声发射定位实验的方案设计提供参考。
Acoustic emission(AE) technique can be used to monitor the microcracks development in the rock test samples continuously in real-time;it is better than other methods. AE location technique is employed to study crack initiation and propagation process of Chongqing sandstone. Also,the crack spatial evolution mode with loading time has been observed and the influential factors of AE location experiment of the sandstone have been discussed. The experimental results are displayed as follows. (1) The attrition of the tip of the sample has remarkable influence on AE characteristic in the rock failure process;and the mixture of the stearic acid and the vaseline(weight ratio 1∶1) is used as attrition-reduced agent to the AE location experiment. No AE event is found when the initial crack is closed;it will obtain a better effect. (2) The AE location of the Chongqing sandstone test sample mostly is distributed in central-section and assumes dispersion. No void space is shown in the central-section of the sample. Contrasted with the relevant studies,it is shown that the rock type,the structure and the level of uniformity are the major influential factors. (3) The load mode and the load control mode can directly affect the rock failure process so as to affect the AE events. (4) AE location experiment of the Chongqing sandstone test sample under fatigue load shows that the load history affects the AE time series and the AE events. The experimental and analytical results can afford useful help for the program design of AE location experiment ofrocks.
Acoustic emission(AE) technique can be used to monitor the microcracks development in the rock test samples continuously in real-time;it is better than other methods. AE location technique is employed to study crack initiation and propagation process of Chongqing sandstone. Also,the crack spatial evolution mode with loading time has been observed and the influential factors of AE location experiment of the sandstone have been discussed. The experimental results are displayed as follows. (1) The attrition of the tip of the sample has remarkable influence on AE characteristic in the rock failure process;and the mixture of the stearic acid and the vaseline(weight ratio 1∶1) is used as attrition-reduced agent to the AE location experiment. No AE event is found when the initial crack is closed;it will obtain a better effect. (2) The AE location of the Chongqing sandstone test sample mostly is distributed in central-section and assumes dispersion. No void space is shown in the central-section of the sample. Contrasted with the relevant studies,it is shown that the rock type,the structure and the level of uniformity are the major influential factors. (3) The load mode and the load control mode can directly affect the rock failure process so as to affect the AE events. (4) AE location experiment of the Chongqing sandstone test sample under fatigue load shows that the load history affects the AE time series and the AE events. The experimental and analytical results can afford useful help for the program design of AE location experiment ofrocks.
引文
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[11]黄滚.岩石断裂失稳破坏与冲击地压的分叉和混沌特征研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.(HUANG Gun.Study on chaos and bifurcation characteristics of instability and fracture of rock and rock-bursts[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2007.(in Chinese))
[12]LABUZ J F,BRIDELL J M.Reducing frictional constrain in compression testing through lubrication[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(4):451–455.
[13]蒋宇.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳破坏及变形发展规律[硕士学位论文][D].上海:上海交通大学,2003.(JIANG Yu.Fatigue failure and deformation development law of rock under cyclic load[M.S.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2003.(in Chinese))
[14]刘立强,马胜利,马瑾,等.岩石构造对声发射统计特征的影响[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):377–386.(LIU Liqiang,MA Shengli,MA Jin,et al.Effect of rock structure on statistic characteristics of acoustic emission[J].Seismology and Geology,1999,21(4):377–386.(in Chinese))
[15]LOCKNER D,BYERLEE J.Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite[J].Applied Mechanics Reviews,1992,45(3/2):165–173.
[16]LOCKNER D.Role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):883–889.
[17]蒋海昆,张流.岩石微破裂时空强分布特征及其动态演化过程的声发射研究进展[J].世界地震译丛,1998,(5):1–10.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANG Liu.Study progress of acoustic emissions of rocks micro-cracks spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic propagation process[J].Translated World Seismology,1998,(5):1–10.(in Chinese))
[2]李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉,等.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499–2503.(LI Shulin,YIN Xiangang,WANG Yongjia,et al.Studies on acoustic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2499–2503.(in Chinese))
[3]蒋宇,葛修润,任建喜.岩石疲劳破坏过程中的变形规律及声发射特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1810–1818.(JIANG Yu,GE Xiurun,REN Jianxi.Deformation rules and acoustic emission characteristics of rocks in process of fatigue failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1810–1818.(in Chinese))
[4]LI C,NORDLUND E.Experimental verification of the Kaiser effect in rocks[J].Rock Mechanics and Rock Engineering,1993,26(4):333–351.
[5]李元辉,袁瑞甫,赵兴东.岩石受载记忆的声发射实验研究[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报,2006,25(4):518–520.(LI Yuanhui,YUAN Ruifu,ZHAO Xingdong.Research on ability of memorizing previous load by AE testing in rock[J].Journal of Liaoning Technical University,2006,25(4):518–520.(in Chinese))
[6]张立杰,蔡美峰,来兴平,等.基于AE的深部复变环境下急斜特厚煤层开采动力失稳分析[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(1):1–4.(ZHANG Lijie,CAI Meifeng,LAI Xingping,et al.Dynamical destabilization analysis of steep and heavy thick coal seam in a deep-mine under the complex-variable environment based on AE[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,29(1):1–4.(in Chinese))
[7]姜永东,鲜学福,许江.岩石声发射Kaiser效应应用于地应力测试的研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(6):946–950.(JIANG Yongdong,XIAN Xuefu,XU Jiang.Research on application of Kaiser effect of acoustic emission to measuring initial stress in rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(6):946–950.(in Chinese))
[8]赵奎,邓飞,金解放,等.岩石声发射Kaiser点信号的小波分析及其应用初步研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):3854–3858.(ZHAO Kui,DENG Fei,JIN Jiefang,et al.Wavelet analysis of Kaiser signal of rock acoustic emission and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):3854–3858.(in Chinese))
[9]赵兴东,李元辉,袁瑞甫,等.基于声发射定位的岩石裂纹动态演化过程研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):944–950.(ZHAO Xingdong,LI Yuanhui,YUAN Ruifu,et al.Study on crack dynamic propagation process of rock samples based on acoustic emission location[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):944–950.(in Chinese))
[10]刘继国,曾亚武.岩石试样端面摩擦效应及参数敏感性研究[J]..建筑技术开发,2005,32(3):69–71.(LIU Jiguo,ZENG Yawu.Research on the end frictional effect of rock specimen and parameter sensitivity[J].Building Technique Development,2005,32(3):69–71.(in Chinese))
[11]黄滚.岩石断裂失稳破坏与冲击地压的分叉和混沌特征研究[博士学位论文][D].重庆:重庆大学,2007.(HUANG Gun.Study on chaos and bifurcation characteristics of instability and fracture of rock and rock-bursts[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Chongqing:Chongqing University,2007.(in Chinese))
[12]LABUZ J F,BRIDELL J M.Reducing frictional constrain in compression testing through lubrication[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(4):451–455.
[13]蒋宇.周期荷载作用下岩石疲劳破坏及变形发展规律[硕士学位论文][D].上海:上海交通大学,2003.(JIANG Yu.Fatigue failure and deformation development law of rock under cyclic load[M.S.Thesis][D].Shanghai:Shanghai Jiaotong University,2003.(in Chinese))
[14]刘立强,马胜利,马瑾,等.岩石构造对声发射统计特征的影响[J].地震地质,1999,21(4):377–386.(LIU Liqiang,MA Shengli,MA Jin,et al.Effect of rock structure on statistic characteristics of acoustic emission[J].Seismology and Geology,1999,21(4):377–386.(in Chinese))
[15]LOCKNER D,BYERLEE J.Fault growth and acoustic emissions in confined granite[J].Applied Mechanics Reviews,1992,45(3/2):165–173.
[16]LOCKNER D.Role of acoustic emission in the study of rock fracture[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences and Geomechanics Abstracts,1993,30(7):883–889.
[17]蒋海昆,张流.岩石微破裂时空强分布特征及其动态演化过程的声发射研究进展[J].世界地震译丛,1998,(5):1–10.(JIANG Haikun,ZHANG Liu.Study progress of acoustic emissions of rocks micro-cracks spatial and temporal distribution and dynamic propagation process[J].Translated World Seismology,1998,(5):1–10.(in Chinese))
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