黄土地区生土建筑震害特征及防灾对策研究
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摘要
生土建筑在我国黄土地区广大农村仍占相当比例,历次地震,房屋破坏严重。因此,加强对黄土生土建筑抗震性能的研究具有重要意义。通过对陕、甘、宁、青、晋等省(区)黄土生土建筑民房的现场调查,将黄土地区生土建筑划分为5种类型,阐述了其结构特点。根据黄土地区地震中生土建筑的破坏情况,阐述了不同类型生土建筑的震害特征及致灾机理,并对其在不同地震烈度下的震害结果进行了统计分析,给出了各类生土建筑在地震烈度Ⅵ～Ⅹ情况下的震害预测结果。在此基础上,针对当前民房建设中抗震设防存在的问题,提出了相应的预防对策。
Raw soil buildings occupy large proportion in most villages in loess areas of China. As historical records
have shown, they are vulnerable under earthquakes. Therefore, a research on seismic resistance characteristics of
raw soil buildings is imperative. In this paper, based on field investigation in loess areas (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningx-
ia, Shanxi etc.), five kinds of raw soil buildings are classified and their structure characteristics are discussed.
Through analysis of damage to raw soil buildings caused by earthquakes, the characteristics of earthquake damages
and mechanism of damages are explained. Furthermore, statistical analysis on the damages of raw soil buildings un-
der different seismic intensities is carried out. At the same time, predictions on the damage of different kinds of raw
soil buildings under seismic intensity Ⅵ-Ⅹ are provided. Finally, in accordance with the problems on earthquake
fortification in present construction of civilian buildings in loess area, corresponding seismic prevention counter-
measures are put forward.
Raw soil buildings occupy large proportion in most villages in loess areas of China. As historical records
have shown, they are vulnerable under earthquakes. Therefore, a research on seismic resistance characteristics of
raw soil buildings is imperative. In this paper, based on field investigation in loess areas (Shaanxi, Gansu, Ningx-
ia, Shanxi etc.), five kinds of raw soil buildings are classified and their structure characteristics are discussed.
Through analysis of damage to raw soil buildings caused by earthquakes, the characteristics of earthquake damages
and mechanism of damages are explained. Furthermore, statistical analysis on the damages of raw soil buildings un-
der different seismic intensities is carried out. At the same time, predictions on the damage of different kinds of raw
soil buildings under seismic intensity Ⅵ-Ⅹ are provided. Finally, in accordance with the problems on earthquake
fortification in present construction of civilian buildings in loess area, corresponding seismic prevention counter-
measures are put forward.
引文
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[2] 林学文,宋福堂.民用房屋的抗震[M].兰州:甘肃省人民出版社,1980．
[3] 国家地震局兰州地震研究所,宁夏回族自治区地震队.一九二○年海原大地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1980．
[4] 闫海歌,等.1989年大同-阳高地震的震害和灾害评估[J].山西地震,1992,(1) :48-61．
[5] 雷祥义,魏青珂.陕北伤亡性黄土崩塌成因与对策研究[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1) :64-69．
[6] 国家地震局,国家统计局.中国大陆地震灾害损失评估汇编(1990-1995) [M].北京:地震出版社,1996．
[7] 王锡财,等.施甸5． 9级地震房屋震害分析[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(1) :74-80．
[8] 李德荣,陈惠华.土结构房屋抗震设计与施工建议[J].工程抗震,1991,(3) :11-14．
[9] 钮泽蓁.乡村建设抗震对策[J].工程抗震,1988,(2) :35-38．
[10] 王成华,陈永波.县、乡村防灾减灾系统工程[J].自然灾害学报,2002,11(3) :90-94．
[11] 高云学.关于如何减轻我国村镇居住建筑地震灾害的建议[J].自然灾害学报,1995,4(1) :47-50．
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