高边坡岩体结构面各向异性检测与稳定性分析
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摘要
针对风化边坡岩体内存在对岩体强度有重要影响的定向排列裂隙结构软弱面及剪切带,从而导致边坡岩体的剪切波速度各向异性,分析了各向异性介质中弹性波的传播特征,论证了应用弹性波技术探测岩体结构面及其各向异性的可行性,提出了基于纵波震源、地震转换波技术的岩体结构面检测技术及动力学特性各向异性的测试方法,以西南某高速公路岩体边坡工程为例进行检测研究。研究结果表明:边坡结构面的反射波场具有各向异性特征,转换横波分量能量、频谱特征、测线交点处的闭合差是反映地层各向异性的重要指标参数;采用瞬态面波法可以反映岩体动力特性的各向异性特征。采用所提出的方法可以有效地反映边坡结构面及其各向异性,以确保边坡岩体的动力稳定。
Within the weathered rock mass of slope,it is shown that the weathered layer contains some of the greatest values of shear velocity anisotropy,which results from structural weakness manifest as aligned open fracture and shear zones,and it can have significant implications for the strength of rock mass.Based on the analysis of wave velocity anisotropy.The feasibility of structural plane of rockmass was discussed,and methods for predicting the rockmass anistropy of slope was put forward by use of P-source and converted wave and SASW.The results show that many seismic characteristic parameters such as amplitude of shear-wave, frequency spectrum and closure are very important index sign parameters of anisotropy.The results can provide the abundant data for analysis dynamic stability of the rockmass.
Within the weathered rock mass of slope,it is shown that the weathered layer contains some of the greatest values of shear velocity anisotropy,which results from structural weakness manifest as aligned open fracture and shear zones,and it can have significant implications for the strength of rock mass.Based on the analysis of wave velocity anisotropy.The feasibility of structural plane of rockmass was discussed,and methods for predicting the rockmass anistropy of slope was put forward by use of P-source and converted wave and SASW.The results show that many seismic characteristic parameters such as amplitude of shear-wave, frequency spectrum and closure are very important index sign parameters of anisotropy.The results can provide the abundant data for analysis dynamic stability of the rockmass.
引文
[1]王艳辉,刘希圣,三维应力状态下岩石各向异性结构面自由剪胀的力学特性[J].石油大学学报:自然科学版,1995,19(增刊):66 71.WAMG Yan-hui,LIU Xi-sheng.Shear properties ofrock anisotropic discontinuity under three-dimensionalstress state[J].Journal of University of Petroleum:Natural Science,1995,19(Suppl):66 71.
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[7]张树林,姜立红.多波地震地层各向异性的初步研究和探讨[J].物探与化探,2002,26(5):384 387.ZHANG Shu-lin,JIANG Li-hong.A preliminary dis-cussion on the application of multiwave seismic data tothe study of anisotropy of various formations[J].Geo-physical&Geochemical Exploration,2002,26(5):384 387.
[8]Crampin S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants forwave propagation through cracked solids[J].Geo-phys,1984,76:135 145.
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[11]Holmes G M,Crampin S,Young R P.Seismic anisot-ropy in granite at the underground Research Laborato-ry,Manitoba[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48:399 414;415 435.
[12]谢忠球,温佩琳.复杂目标浅层地震反射法观测技术[J].中南工业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,31(6):477 480.XIE Zhong-qiu,WEN Pei-lin.Shallow seismic reflec-tion survey technique to complicated object[J].Jour-nal of Central South University of Technology:Natu-ral Science,2000,31(6):477 480.
[13]阴可.各向异性介质中快慢横波的一种新型分离方法[J].重庆建筑工业大学学报,1999,21(2):5356.YIN Ke.A new method of separating the shear wavessplitting in anisotropic media[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,1999,21(2):53 56.
[14]谢忠球.各向异性介质中的场地微动理论及其应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学信息物理工程学院,2002.XIE Zhong-qiu.The Study of Theory and Applicationon Ground Microtremor in Anisotropy Media[D].Changsha:School of Info-Physics and Geomatics En-gineering,Central South University,2002.
[15]张飞,邓德超,雷化南.各向异性节理岩体边坡非线性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(4):1 5.ZHANG Fei,ZHENG De-chao,LEI Hua-nan.Theanalysis of the non-linear FEM to the slope of jointedrock mass[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geolo-gy,1995(4):1 5.
[2]王洪瑾,马奇国,周景星,等,土在复杂应力状态下的动力特性研究[J].水利学报,1996(4):57 64,72.WANG Hong-jin,MA Qi-guo,ZHOU Jing-xing,et al.Astudy of dynamic characteristics of soil in complex stressstate[J].Shuili Xuebao,1996(4):57 64,72.
[3]Serrano A,Olalla C.Ultimate bearing capacity of ananisotropic discontinuous rock mass Part I:Basicmodes of failure[J].Int J Rcck Mech Min Sci,1998,35(3):301 324.
[4]刘洋,李承楚,牟永光.具有倾斜对称轴的横向各向异性介质中的弹性波[J].石油地球物理勘探,1998,33(2):161 169.LIU Yang,LI Cheng-chu,MOU Yong-guang.Elasticwave in transverse isotropic media with dipping sym-metric axis[J].Oil Geophysical Propecting,1998,33(2):161 169.
[5]贺振华,李亚林,张帆,等.定向裂缝对地震波速度和振幅影响的比较[J].物探化探计算技术,2001,23(1):1 5.HE Zhen-hua,LI Ya-lin,ZHANG Fan,et al.Differ-ent effects of vertically oriented fracture system on seis-mic velocities and wave amplitude[J].ComputingTechniques for Geophysical and Geochemical Explora-tion,2001,23(1):1 5.
[6]杨德义,彭苏萍.多分量地震勘探技术的现状及进展[J].中国煤田地质,2003,15(1):51 57.YANG De-yi,PENG Su-ping.Status and progress onthe multicomponent seismic prospecting technology[J].Coal Geology of China,2003,15(1):51 57.
[7]张树林,姜立红.多波地震地层各向异性的初步研究和探讨[J].物探与化探,2002,26(5):384 387.ZHANG Shu-lin,JIANG Li-hong.A preliminary dis-cussion on the application of multiwave seismic data tothe study of anisotropy of various formations[J].Geo-physical&Geochemical Exploration,2002,26(5):384 387.
[8]Crampin S.Effective anisotropic elastic constants forwave propagation through cracked solids[J].Geo-phys,1984,76:135 145.
[9]Bates C R,Phillips D R.Multi-component seismic sur-veying for near surface investigations:examples fromcentral Wyoming and Southern England[J].Journal ofApplied Geophysics,2000(44):257 273.
[10]冯太林,张学工,李衍达.三分量地震资料野外采集应遵守的原则[J].物探与化探,2001,25(1):7074.FENG Tai-lin,ZHANG Xue-gong,LI Yan-da.Theimportant principles in the acquisition of three compo-nent seismic data[J].Geophysical&GeochemicalExploration,2001,25(1):70 74.
[11]Holmes G M,Crampin S,Young R P.Seismic anisot-ropy in granite at the underground Research Laborato-ry,Manitoba[J].Geophysical Prospecting,2000,48:399 414;415 435.
[12]谢忠球,温佩琳.复杂目标浅层地震反射法观测技术[J].中南工业大学学报:自然科学版,2000,31(6):477 480.XIE Zhong-qiu,WEN Pei-lin.Shallow seismic reflec-tion survey technique to complicated object[J].Jour-nal of Central South University of Technology:Natu-ral Science,2000,31(6):477 480.
[13]阴可.各向异性介质中快慢横波的一种新型分离方法[J].重庆建筑工业大学学报,1999,21(2):5356.YIN Ke.A new method of separating the shear wavessplitting in anisotropic media[J].Journal ofChongqing Jianzhu University,1999,21(2):53 56.
[14]谢忠球.各向异性介质中的场地微动理论及其应用研究[D].长沙:中南大学信息物理工程学院,2002.XIE Zhong-qiu.The Study of Theory and Applicationon Ground Microtremor in Anisotropy Media[D].Changsha:School of Info-Physics and Geomatics En-gineering,Central South University,2002.
[15]张飞,邓德超,雷化南.各向异性节理岩体边坡非线性分析[J].水文地质工程地质,1995(4):1 5.ZHANG Fei,ZHENG De-chao,LEI Hua-nan.Theanalysis of the non-linear FEM to the slope of jointedrock mass[J].Hydrogeology and Engineering Geolo-gy,1995(4):1 5.
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