爆炸荷载作用下建筑结构倒塌的致命率
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摘要
比较研究了爆炸荷载和地震荷载引起的建筑结构倒塌失效模式,收集了与建筑结构瞬间发生脆性倒塌失效相类似的事件,采用事件树建立了爆炸荷载作用下建筑结构倒塌引起的内部人员的致命率模型,并对数据库进行分类统计分析,给出了不同建筑结构类型的致命率统计特性和概率分布模型,通过对砖石、砖混和钢筋混凝土结构失效事件的组合统计分析,得到了当前城市主要建筑物在爆炸荷载作用下致命率的评估模型.基于现有数据样本量的观测统计,分析了不同楼层对致命率的影响.结果表明,随着楼层数的增加,建筑结构倒塌的致命率统计均值也相应增加.
Comparison was conducted in association with investigation into the building collapse induced respectively by blast loading and seismic action.The cases where rather brittle building failure occured were collected.The event tree model in the probability methodology was introduced to establish the lethality rate of building collapse.The work presented here included description of the database,classification of the collected data and statistical analysis.Preliminary probabilistic models for the lethality rate of different categories of building structures were proposed.Through combined statistical analysis of building collapse cases for brick masonry,brick concrete and reinforced concrete structures,the evaluation model of lethality rate for the current buildings and facilities to blast loading in urban areas was obtained.The dependence of the lethality rate upon the number of building stories was also examined based on the available database.Results showed that the mean value of lethality rate of building collapse increases as the number of stories increases.
Comparison was conducted in association with investigation into the building collapse induced respectively by blast loading and seismic action.The cases where rather brittle building failure occured were collected.The event tree model in the probability methodology was introduced to establish the lethality rate of building collapse.The work presented here included description of the database,classification of the collected data and statistical analysis.Preliminary probabilistic models for the lethality rate of different categories of building structures were proposed.Through combined statistical analysis of building collapse cases for brick masonry,brick concrete and reinforced concrete structures,the evaluation model of lethality rate for the current buildings and facilities to blast loading in urban areas was obtained.The dependence of the lethality rate upon the number of building stories was also examined based on the available database.Results showed that the mean value of lethality rate of building collapse increases as the number of stories increases.
引文
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[2]HAZUS.Multi-hazard loss estimation methodology:earthquake model[R].Washington DC:National Insti-tute of Building Sciences,2003.
[3]MURKAMI H O.A simulation model to estimate hu-man loss for occupants of collapsed building in an earth-quake[C]∥Proceedings of the 10th World Conference onEarthquake Engineering.Madrid:[s.n.],1992:5969-5974.
[4]马玉宏,谢礼立.我国社会可接受地震人员死亡率的研究[J].自然灾害学报,2001,10(3):56-63.MA Yu-hong,XIE Li-li.Research on social acceptableearthquake mortality in China[J].Journal of NaturalDisasters,2001,10(3):56-63.
[5]GONG Shun-feng,LU Yong,JIN Wei-liang.Dynamicanalysis of structural columns subjected to impulsiveloading[J].Transactions of Tianjin University,2006,12(suppl):248-253.
[6]LU Yong,GONG Shun-feng.An analytical model fordynamic response of beam-column frames to impulsiveground excitations[J].International Journal of Solidsand Structures,2007,44(3/4):779-798.
[7]MA Guo-wei,HAO Hong,LU Yong,et al.Distribu-ted structural damage generated by high-frequencyground motion[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,ASCE,2002,128(3):390-399.
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