2008年3月21日于田7．4级地震的构造背景
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摘要
2008年3月21日在新疆和田地区于田与策勒县交界处发生7.4级地震。地震发生在塔里木盆地的南边,靠近西昆仑山区边缘的阿尔金地震带。阿尔金断裂带西南端是有三个分支、向西撒开的构造,北面一支分布在硝尔库勒盆地,中间一支就分布在阿什库勒盆地,是这次地震主要的发震断裂构造;南面一支一直延伸到郭扎错盆地,限制了余震的分布范围。地震破裂是以拉张为主兼有走滑运动的倾滑破裂,是阿尔金深断裂左旋扭错的结果,和震源机制解的结果相一致。阿尔金断裂的强烈地震活动,往往伴随有青藏高原周边主要断裂带的大震活动。这次7.4级地震之后的一个多月就发生了四川汶川8级地震,在青藏高原及其边缘和新疆塔里木盆地的西部及帕米尔高原周缘地区是否会引起地震活动的进一步加强,也值得引起注意。
There is a M7.4 earthquake at the boundary of Yutian and Qira County in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang,China,on March 21,2008.The earthquake occurs in the south of Tarim Basin and near the Altyn Tagh earthquake zone at the edge of West Kunlun Mountain.The southwest of Altyn Tagh earthquake zone displays the structure with three branches,widening towards west.The north branch distributes at the Xiaoerkule Basin.The middle branch,which is the main fault structure of this earthquake,distributes at the Ashikule Basin.The south branch,which limited the extension of aftershock,reaches to Gozha Co Basin.The rupture of this earthquake is mainly tense with strike-slip function.It is dip-slip rupture which is the result of left-lateral dislocation Altyn deep fault.This is consistent with the focal mechanism solutions.The strong seismic activity in the Altyn fault usually goes with the activity in the main fault zone around Tibet plateau.A M8.0 earthquake occurs at Wenchuan in Sichuan just after it more than one month.It is noticeable that whether the seismic activity will be strengthened in Tibet plateau or at the edge of it,also in the west of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang and around the Pamir plateau.
There is a M7.4 earthquake at the boundary of Yutian and Qira County in Hotan Prefecture, Xinjiang,China,on March 21,2008.The earthquake occurs in the south of Tarim Basin and near the Altyn Tagh earthquake zone at the edge of West Kunlun Mountain.The southwest of Altyn Tagh earthquake zone displays the structure with three branches,widening towards west.The north branch distributes at the Xiaoerkule Basin.The middle branch,which is the main fault structure of this earthquake,distributes at the Ashikule Basin.The south branch,which limited the extension of aftershock,reaches to Gozha Co Basin.The rupture of this earthquake is mainly tense with strike-slip function.It is dip-slip rupture which is the result of left-lateral dislocation Altyn deep fault.This is consistent with the focal mechanism solutions.The strong seismic activity in the Altyn fault usually goes with the activity in the main fault zone around Tibet plateau.A M8.0 earthquake occurs at Wenchuan in Sichuan just after it more than one month.It is noticeable that whether the seismic activity will be strengthened in Tibet plateau or at the edge of it,also in the west of Tarim Basin in Xinjiang and around the Pamir plateau.
引文
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[14]Zhao Xingyou,Luo Jun,Maimaiti Yimin.et al.A preliminary study on the paleoenvironment evolution of Ashikule Basin, KunLun Mountains Since 15 Ka B.P.[J].Arid Land Geogra- phy，1993，16(3)：59-63．[赵兴有，骆君，买买提·依明，等．昆仑山阿什库勒盆地15000年以来古环境演化的初步研究[J]．干旱区地理，1993，16(3)：59-63．]
[15]Ding Guoyu.Lithospheric dynamics of China [M].Beijing: Seismological Press，1991：471-564．[丁国瑜主编．中国岩石圈动力学概论[M]．北京：地震出版社，1991：471-564．]
[2]Chen Jie,Chen Yukun,Ding Guoyu,et al.Surface rupture zones of the 2001 earthquake MsS.1 west of Kunlun pass, Northern of Qinghai-Xizang Plateau [J].Quaternary Sciences, 2003，23(6)：629-639．[陈杰，陈宇坤，丁国瑜，等．2001年昆仑山口西8．1级地震地表破裂带[J]．第四纪研究，2003，23 (6)：629-639．]
[3]China Seismological Bureau Research Group on the Active Al- tyn Tagh Fault Zone.The Altyn Active Fault Zone [M].Bei- jing：Seismological Press，1992：1-319．[国家地震局“阿尔金活动断裂带”课题组．阿尔金活动断裂带[M]．北京：地震出版社，1992：1-319．]
[4]Wang Guocan,Yang Weiran,Ma Huadong,et al.Comparing of the tectonic uplift since late Cenozoic between the east and west Kunlun Mountains [J].Earth Science Frontiers,2005,12 (3)：157-166．[王国灿，杨巍然，马华东，等．东、西昆仑山晚新生代以来构造隆升作用对比[J]．地学前缘，2005，12 (3)：157-166．]
[5]Geng Tao.The Achievements of 1:10 00 000 regional gravity survey in Shiquanhe-Kangxiwa Area of Qinghai-Tibet Plateau [J].Geophysical and Geochemical Exploration,2007,31 (5): 391-398．[耿涛．青藏高原狮泉河-康西瓦地区1：100万区域重力调查成果[J]．物探与化探，2007，31(5)：391-398．]
[6]Xiong Shengqing,Zhou Fuhong,Yao Zhengxi,et al.The Aero- magnetic survey in the Central and Western Qinghai—Tibet Plateau[M]．Beijing：Geological Press，2001．[熊盛青，周伏洪，姚正煦等．青藏高原中西部航磁调查[M]．北京：地质出版社，2001．]
[7]Lu Rukui,Zhang Guowei,Zhong Huaming,et al.Problem of westward extension of the Altyn Tagh fault belt discussed from the structural characteristics of the GozhaCo fault [J].Geology in China,2007,34(2):229-239.[鲁如魁，张国伟，钟华明等．从郭扎错断裂构造特征探讨阿尔金断裂带西延问题[J]．中国地质．2007，34(2)：229-239．]
[8]Yang Wanzhi,Zhang Weizhou,Qu Xun.Geochemical evidence of the relation between the Kuyake fault of east part of west Kunlun Mountains and the Kangxiwar and Altyn Tagh faults [J].Geological Bulletin of China,2005,24(4):316-321.[杨万志，张维洲，屈迅．西昆仑山东段库牙克断裂与康西瓦断裂、阿尔金断裂关系的地球化学证据[J]．地质通报，2005，24 (4)：316-321]
[9]Xu Zhiqin,Qi Xuexiang,Yang Jingsui,et al.Senses and timings of two kinds of shear in the Kangxiwar strike-slip shear zone, West Kunlun,and their tectonic significance [J].Geological Bulletin of China,2007,26(10):1252-1261.[许志琴，戚学祥，杨经绥，等．西昆仑康西瓦韧性走滑剪切带的两类剪切指向、形成时限及其构造意义[J]．地质通报，2007，26(10)：1252-1261．]
[10]Fu Bihong,Zhang Songlin,Xie Xiaoping,et al.Late Quaternary tectono-geomorphic features along the Kangxiwar Fault,Altyn Tagh Fault System,Northern Tibet [J].Quaternary Sciences, 2006，26(2)：228-235．[付碧宏，张松林，谢小平，等．阿尔金断裂系西段—西瓦断裂的晚第四纪构造地貌特征研究[J]．第四纪研究．2006，26(2)：228-235．]
[11]Liu Jiaqi,Maimaiti Yiming.Distribution and ages of Ashikule Volcanic on the West Kunlun Mountains,West China [J].Bul- letin of Glacier Research,1989,7:187-190.
[12]Li Shuanke.Study on the geomorphology and quaternary geolo- gy of the Ashikule Basin,Middle Kunlun Mountains [J].Acta Geographica Sinca，1991，46(2)：224-232．[李栓科．中昆仑山阿什库勒盆地地貌与第四纪环境问题[J]．地理学报，1991，46(2)：224-232．]
[13]Maimaiti Yimin,Liu Jiaqi,Zhao Xingyou.et al.Study on forma- tion and evolution of AshiKuLe Basin in Western Kunlun MTS [J]．Arid Land Geography，1992，15(1)：61-69．[买买提·依明，刘嘉麒，赵兴有，等．阿什库勒盆地的形成与演化初探[J]．干旱区地理，1992，15(1)：61-69．]
[14]Zhao Xingyou,Luo Jun,Maimaiti Yimin.et al.A preliminary study on the paleoenvironment evolution of Ashikule Basin, KunLun Mountains Since 15 Ka B.P.[J].Arid Land Geogra- phy，1993，16(3)：59-63．[赵兴有，骆君，买买提·依明，等．昆仑山阿什库勒盆地15000年以来古环境演化的初步研究[J]．干旱区地理，1993，16(3)：59-63．]
[15]Ding Guoyu.Lithospheric dynamics of China [M].Beijing: Seismological Press，1991：471-564．[丁国瑜主编．中国岩石圈动力学概论[M]．北京：地震出版社，1991：471-564．]
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