木作工具与明代硬木家具的制作
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摘要
在家具的制作中,有两个最关键的内容,一是材料,二是制作技术。而制作技术是针对材料而实施的,其内涵包括了木作工具,也包括了制作技巧和指导制作完成的思想。工具既为实际的需要而产生,又为实际的需要不断改良与进步。传统的木作工具中,平木工具——平推刨就是一个典型的例证。明代中晚期,在家具的制作中,大量使用以黄花梨、紫檀等为代表的硬质木材,促使家具风格发生了变化,追求材料本身的纹理美、色泽美,促进了平木工具——平推刨的改良,也使传统的家具从以髹漆为主,转向了不重髹漆,而突出表现材质本身的美。该论文结合文献资料与考古资料,对传统小木作工具与明代硬木家具制作的关系进行了初步的探讨,认为平推刨的使用对明代硬木家具的制作与风格有着重要的意义。
In the production of furniture,there are two key elements,one material,and the other is manufacturing technology.Production technology is implemented against the material,its content,including the wooden tools,including the production skills and produced the ideological guidance.Tool is not only for the needs of the actual,practical need for continuous improvement and progress.Traditional wooden tools,wooden tools ping-ping onto plane is a typical example.In the late Ming Dynasty,in the production of furniture,a large number of the use of pear,sandalwood,etc.,represented by rigid timber,promote a change in furniture style,the pursuit of material itself,the United States and the texture,color and the United States,and promoting the Green wood tools-improved plug planning to make the traditional painted furniture from the shift of non-re-painted,and the outstanding performance of the material itself,the United States.In this paper,combined with the archaeological documentation of traditional small wooden tools and hardwood furniture in the Ming Dynasty the relationship between the production of a preliminary that the use of plug planed hardwood furniture of the Ming Dynasty and style of production has an important significance.
In the production of furniture,there are two key elements,one material,and the other is manufacturing technology.Production technology is implemented against the material,its content,including the wooden tools,including the production skills and produced the ideological guidance.Tool is not only for the needs of the actual,practical need for continuous improvement and progress.Traditional wooden tools,wooden tools ping-ping onto plane is a typical example.In the late Ming Dynasty,in the production of furniture,a large number of the use of pear,sandalwood,etc.,represented by rigid timber,promote a change in furniture style,the pursuit of material itself,the United States and the texture,color and the United States,and promoting the Green wood tools-improved plug planning to make the traditional painted furniture from the shift of non-re-painted,and the outstanding performance of the material itself,the United States.In this paper,combined with the archaeological documentation of traditional small wooden tools and hardwood furniture in the Ming Dynasty the relationship between the production of a preliminary that the use of plug planed hardwood furniture of the Ming Dynasty and style of production has an important significance.
引文
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[2]李贞.中国传统建筑木作工具[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2004.
[3]潘鲁生.工具与手工艺的发生和演变[M]//.王朝闻总主编,徐艺乙主编.中国民间美术全集.工具卷.济南:山东友谊出版集团,山东教育出版社,1994:303.
[4](明)宋应星.天工开物[M].扬州:广陵古籍刻印社,1997:294.
[1]李贞.中国传统建筑木作工具》[M].上海:同济大学出版社,2004.
[2]孙机.中国古代的平木工具[M]//.中国民间美术全集.工具卷.济南:山东友谊出版集团,山东教育出版社,1994.
[3]王世襄.明式家具研究[M].北京:生活.读书.新时三联书店,2008.
[4]古斯塔夫.艾克.中国花梨家具图考[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.
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