孔洞物理模型数据的地震响应特征分析
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摘要
蕴含丰富油气的碳酸盐岩孔洞型储层由于独特的非均质特性,使其地震横向预测成为油气地球物理勘探的一个难题。为此,应用物理模型技术模拟碳酸盐岩孔洞型储层,设计了包含孔洞大小、形状和洞内填充物变化的三种物理模型,在物理模型实验数据的基础上分析了碳酸盐岩孔洞型储层的地震波响应特征。实验分析结果表明:有一定发育规模的孔洞能形成强反射特征,在叠加剖面上表现为绕射双曲线,绕射双曲线的形态主要受孔洞埋深的影响;在偏移剖面上表现为背景差异明显的强短反射,且反射强度与洞体的大小、形状、洞内所含流体等各种因素有关;孔洞大小对反射能量的影响大于孔洞形状的影响。
Because of the unique non-homogeneity in oil/gas-abundant carbonate reservoir,the lateral prediction of which is always the difficulty of oil/gas geophysical prospecting.For that reason,we applied the physical model technique to simulate carbonate reservoir,designed three physical models including pore-cave size,shape and variation of the material filled in the cave and analyzed seismic response of carbonate reservoir on the basis of experimental data of physical models.The analysis of experimental results showed that the strong reflection feature can be formed for the pore-cave with a certain development scale,showing diffraction hyperbola on stack section,the shape of which is mainly affected by buried depth of pore-cave;showing a strong short reflection with large background contrast on migration section,and the reflection strength is relative to various factors,such as pore-cave size,shape and variation of the material filled in the cave etc,in which the influence of pore-cave size on reflection energy is larger than the influence of pore-cave shape.
Because of the unique non-homogeneity in oil/gas-abundant carbonate reservoir,the lateral prediction of which is always the difficulty of oil/gas geophysical prospecting.For that reason,we applied the physical model technique to simulate carbonate reservoir,designed three physical models including pore-cave size,shape and variation of the material filled in the cave and analyzed seismic response of carbonate reservoir on the basis of experimental data of physical models.The analysis of experimental results showed that the strong reflection feature can be formed for the pore-cave with a certain development scale,showing diffraction hyperbola on stack section,the shape of which is mainly affected by buried depth of pore-cave;showing a strong short reflection with large background contrast on migration section,and the reflection strength is relative to various factors,such as pore-cave size,shape and variation of the material filled in the cave etc,in which the influence of pore-cave size on reflection energy is larger than the influence of pore-cave shape.
引文
[1]杜正聪,贺振华,黄德济等.缝洞模型波动方程正演与偏移.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(4):386～390
[2]魏建新,牟永光,狄帮让.三维地震物理模型的研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):556～561
[3]狄帮让,魏建新,夏永革.三维地震物理模型技术的效果与精度研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):562～568
[4]魏建新,狄帮让.地震物理模型超声测试技术中的几个问题.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):294～300
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[7]贺振华,杜正聪,文晓涛.碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测.地球科学进展,2004,19(3):399～402
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[10]胡中平.溶洞地震波“串珠状”形成机理及识别方法.中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423～426
[11]李琼,贺振华,黄德济等.单孔洞缝模型超声波实验测试与分析.石油物探,2007,46(1):100～104
[12]郑秀才,任玉秀.鄂尔多斯盆地主力产气层溶蚀孔洞特征.江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(1):7～12
[13]杨子川.波形分析在塔河油田勘探开发中的应用.新疆石油地质,2005,26(3):310～312
[14]韩革华,漆立新,李宗杰等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):860～870
[15]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602～1606
[16]牟永光.三维复杂介质地震物理模拟.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[17]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测.石油物探,2005,44(5):421～427
[18]迟新刚,贺振华,黄德济.储层缝洞预测和检测方法.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):94～98
[19]唐文榜,刘来祥,樊佳芳等.溶洞充填物判识的频率差异分析技术.石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):41～44
[2]魏建新,牟永光,狄帮让.三维地震物理模型的研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):556～561
[3]狄帮让,魏建新,夏永革.三维地震物理模型技术的效果与精度研究.石油地球物理勘探,2002,37(6):562～568
[4]魏建新,狄帮让.地震物理模型超声测试技术中的几个问题.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):294～300
[5]曹均,贺振华,黄德济等.孔洞储层地震波特征响应的物理模型实验研究.成都理工大学学报(自然科学版),2003,30(6):576～582
[6]曹均,贺振华,黄德济等.储层孔(裂)隙的物理模拟与超声波实验研究.地球物理学进展,2004,19(2):386～391
[7]贺振华,杜正聪,文晓涛.碳酸盐岩喀斯特溶洞和裂缝系统的地震模拟与预测.地球科学进展,2004,19(3):399～402
[8]贺振华,胡光岷,黄德济.致密储层裂缝发育带的地震识别及相应策略.石油地球物理勘探,2005,40(2):190～195
[9]李剑峰,赵群,郝守玲等.塔河油田碳酸盐岩储层缝洞系统的物理模型研究.石油物探,2005,44(5):428～431
[10]胡中平.溶洞地震波“串珠状”形成机理及识别方法.中国西部油气地质,2006,2(4):423～426
[11]李琼,贺振华,黄德济等.单孔洞缝模型超声波实验测试与分析.石油物探,2007,46(1):100～104
[12]郑秀才,任玉秀.鄂尔多斯盆地主力产气层溶蚀孔洞特征.江汉石油学院学报,1998,20(1):7～12
[13]杨子川.波形分析在塔河油田勘探开发中的应用.新疆石油地质,2005,26(3):310～312
[14]韩革华,漆立新,李宗杰等.塔河油田奥陶系碳酸盐岩缝洞型储层预测技术.石油与天然气地质,2006,27(6):860～870
[15]黄伟传,杨长春,王彦飞.利用叠前地震数据预测裂缝储层的应用研究.地球物理学进展,2007,22(5):1602～1606
[16]牟永光.三维复杂介质地震物理模拟.北京:石油工业出版社,2003
[17]王世星,曹辉兰,靳文芳等.碳酸盐岩缝洞系统地震响应特征分析和塔中卡1区缝洞储层预测.石油物探,2005,44(5):421～427
[18]迟新刚,贺振华,黄德济.储层缝洞预测和检测方法.勘探地球物理进展,2003,26(4):94～98
[19]唐文榜,刘来祥,樊佳芳等.溶洞充填物判识的频率差异分析技术.石油与天然气地质,2002,23(1):41～44
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