高精度微震监测技术在煤矿突水监测中的应用
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摘要
为了监测导水通道(断层、陷落柱等)在采动影响下的动力学活动和失稳过程,以及对其造成的突水危险性进行实时预测预报,利用高精度微震监测技术进行煤矿突水危险监测的工程实践。采用全局寻优定位技术,充分考虑内、外场震源定位的不同影响因素,结合速度结构、检波器一致性等校正技术,实现微震震源的高稳定、高精度定位;优化布置微震监测台网,对大断层、陷落柱等隐伏构造进行实时监测,通过对定位结果的三维展示和分析,得到地质构造的活化规律、底板破裂深度、顶板破裂高度、合理煤柱尺寸等实测参数,实现对突水危险性的预测预报。工程实践证明,微震监测能够准确诊断出断层和陷落柱等构造活化的强度、烈度以及相关的时空参数,是实现突水预警预报的强有力的地球物理监测手段。建立基于定位结果的岩体空间破裂场的定量描述模型、实现定位结果的多角度、多层次的展示技术,从防治水、矿山压力等多学科角度出发实现突水监测的超前预警预报,是突水监测预警的重要的发展方向。
For the progressive failure of geological structures(faults,karst collapse columns) to be investigated and their microseismic activities associated with water inrush to be predicted,microseismic monitoring is firstly undertaken in a deep coal mine where the water inrush is a significant issue.The development of a technique for the event location and the analysis of microseismic events are concerned.A new optimum method is provided;the preferred measurement of focal time is the basic calculation process,and also several concepts of event location types are defined according to the actual location,e.g.within the receiver array or outside it,nearby the receiver array or far away from it.The localizing method and judgment of location type,together with the correction of velocity and the monitoring system using artificial blasting sources make the improvement of the event location accuracy be significantly possible.With the results of microseismic events and 3D illustration technique,the activities of geological structure,fracture-depth of roof and floor,and the parameters of boundary pillar are obtained.These studies indicate that it is considerably possible to predict the water inrush using microseismic monitoring with its inherent ability to remotely monitor the progressive failure caused by mining.The approach used to integrate microseismic data should be comprehensive with different interpretations from different subject views,such as geology,mining engineering and geophysics.How to make a 3D quantitative mechanical model to describe the failure region from the energy viewi,nstead of qualitative analysisi,s put forward.Apparentlyi,t will be an important research direction with its further application associated with gas and coal projects,rock burst and so on.
For the progressive failure of geological structures(faults,karst collapse columns) to be investigated and their microseismic activities associated with water inrush to be predicted,microseismic monitoring is firstly undertaken in a deep coal mine where the water inrush is a significant issue.The development of a technique for the event location and the analysis of microseismic events are concerned.A new optimum method is provided;the preferred measurement of focal time is the basic calculation process,and also several concepts of event location types are defined according to the actual location,e.g.within the receiver array or outside it,nearby the receiver array or far away from it.The localizing method and judgment of location type,together with the correction of velocity and the monitoring system using artificial blasting sources make the improvement of the event location accuracy be significantly possible.With the results of microseismic events and 3D illustration technique,the activities of geological structure,fracture-depth of roof and floor,and the parameters of boundary pillar are obtained.These studies indicate that it is considerably possible to predict the water inrush using microseismic monitoring with its inherent ability to remotely monitor the progressive failure caused by mining.The approach used to integrate microseismic data should be comprehensive with different interpretations from different subject views,such as geology,mining engineering and geophysics.How to make a 3D quantitative mechanical model to describe the failure region from the energy viewi,nstead of qualitative analysisi,s put forward.Apparentlyi,t will be an important research direction with its further application associated with gas and coal projects,rock burst and so on.
引文
[1]何满潮,谢和平,彭苏萍,等.深部开采岩体力学研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(16):2 803-2 813.(HE Manchao,XIE Heping,PENG Shuping,et al.Study on rock mechanics in deep mining engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(16):2 803-2 813.(in Chinese))
[2]彭苏萍,王金安.承压水体上安全采煤[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.(PENG Shuping,WANG Jin′an.Safety mining above aquifer zone[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese))
[3]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(ZHANG Jincai,ZHANG Yuzhuo,LIU Tianquan.Rock seepage and water inrush in coal bed[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese))
[4]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.(WU Yanqing,ZHANG Zhuoyuan.Introduction to rock mass hydraulics[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,徐家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.(QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin,et al.Key strata theory in ground control[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]赵阳升,胡耀青.承压水上采煤理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.(ZHAO Yangsheng,HU Yaoqing.Theory and technology of coal mine on the confined aquifer[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of ground water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.(in Chinese))
[9]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN Luo,YANG Shuhua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.(in Chinese))
[10]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2002,8(1):58-61.(ZHANG Yinping.Rock mass acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and localizing technology and their applications[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(1):58-61.(in Chinese))
[11]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772-775.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Frequency spectrum analysis of microseismic monitoring and signal differentiation of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):772-775.(in Chinese))
[12]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1 002-1 011.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1 002-1 011.(in Chinese))
[13]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4 745-4 749.(ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chun′an,LI Yuanhui,et al.Prediction method of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring and stress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 745-4 749.(in Chinese))
[14]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1 053-1 058.(YE Genxi,JIANG Fuxing,GUO Yanhua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field micro-seismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1 053-1 058.(in Chinese))
[15]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):979-984.(JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on overlying strata spatial structures of longwall in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):979-984.(in Chinese))
[16]汪华君,姜福兴,成云海,等.覆岩导水裂隙带高度的微地震(MS)监测研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(3):74-76.(WANG Huajun,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Yunhai,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring at top level of water conducted cracking zone in overburden rock[J].Coal Engineering,2006,(3):74-76.(in Chinese))
[17]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhaie,t al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(in Chinese))
[18]逄焕东,姜福兴.微地震监测中传感器的布置方法[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2003,55(6):20-21,44.(PANG Huandong,JIANG Fuxing.The layout of sensors in microseismic monitoring[J].Noneferrous Metal(Mining Section),2003,55(6):20-21,44.(in Chinese))
[19]杨淑华,张兴民,姜福兴,等.微地震定位监测的深孔检波器及其安装技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):68-70,100.(YANG Shuhua,ZHANG Xingmin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Deep hole geophones and installing techniques used in microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(1):68-70,100.(in Chinese))
[20]WU Q,ZHOU W F.Prediction of groundwater inrush into coal mines from aquifers underlying the coal seams in China:vulnerability index method and its construction[OL].Environmental Geology,2008[2008-03-17].http://springer.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/content/n440 563n56098342/fulltext.pdf.
[21]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3 003-3 007.(XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3 003-3 007.(in Chinese))
[22]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨,等.岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2 603-2 608.(XIE Heping,PENG ReidongJ,U Yang,et al.On energy analysis of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2 603-2 608.(in Chinese))
[2]彭苏萍,王金安.承压水体上安全采煤[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2001.(PENG Shuping,WANG Jin′an.Safety mining above aquifer zone[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese))
[3]张金才,张玉卓,刘天泉.岩体渗流与煤层底板突水[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(ZHANG Jincai,ZHANG Yuzhuo,LIU Tianquan.Rock seepage and water inrush in coal bed[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese))
[4]仵彦卿,张倬元.岩体水力学导论[M].成都:西南交通大学出版社,1995.(WU Yanqing,ZHANG Zhuoyuan.Introduction to rock mass hydraulics[M].Chengdu:Southwest Jiaotong University Press,1995.(in Chinese))
[5]钱鸣高,缪协兴,徐家林,等.岩层控制的关键层理论[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2000.(QIAN Minggao,MIAO Xiexing,XU Jialin,et al.Key strata theory in ground control[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology,1995.(in Chinese))
[6]赵阳升,胡耀青.承压水上采煤理论与技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2004.(ZHAO Yangsheng,HU Yaoqing.Theory and technology of coal mine on the confined aquifer[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese))
[7]施龙青,韩进.底板突水机制及预测预报[M].北京:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.(SHI Longqing,HAN Jin.Floor water-inrush mechanism and prediction[M].Beijing:China University of Mining and Technology Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]杨天鸿,唐春安,谭志宏,等.岩体破坏突水模型研究现状及突水预测预报研究发展趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):268-277.(YANG Tianhong,TANG Chun′an,TAN Zhihong,et al.State of the art of inrush models in rock mass failure and developing trend for prediction and forecast of ground water inrush[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(2):268-277.(in Chinese))
[9]姜福兴,XUN Luo,杨淑华.采场覆岩空间破裂与采动应力场的微震探测研究[J].岩土工程学报,2003,25(1):23-25.(JIANG Fuxing,XUN Luo,YANG Shuhua.Study on microseismic monitoring for spatial structure of overlying strata and mining pressure field in longwall face[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2003,25(1):23-25.(in Chinese))
[10]张银平.岩体声发射与微震监测定位技术及其应用[J].工程爆破,2002,8(1):58-61.(ZHANG Yinping.Rock mass acoustic emission and micro-seismic monitoring and localizing technology and their applications[J].Engineering Blasting,2002,8(1):58-61.(in Chinese))
[11]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.岩体微震监测的频谱分析与信号识别[J].岩土工程学报,2005,27(7):772-775.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Frequency spectrum analysis of microseismic monitoring and signal differentiation of rock material[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2005,27(7):772-775.(in Chinese))
[12]潘一山,赵扬锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1 002-1 011.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1 002-1 011.(in Chinese))
[13]赵兴东,唐春安,李元辉,等.基于微震监测及应力场分析的冲击地压预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(增1):4 745-4 749.(ZHAO Xingdong,TANG Chun′an,LI Yuanhui,et al.Prediction method of rock burst based on microseismic monitoring and stress field analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(Supp.1):4 745-4 749.(in Chinese))
[14]叶根喜,姜福兴,郭延华,等.煤矿深部采场爆破地震波传播规律的微震原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):1 053-1 058.(YE Genxi,JIANG Fuxing,GUO Yanhua,et al.Experimental research on seismic wave attenuation by field micro-seismic monitoring in a deep coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(5):1 053-1 058.(in Chinese))
[15]姜福兴,张兴民,杨淑华,等.长壁采场覆岩空间结构探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(5):979-984.(JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,YANG Shuhua,et al.Discussion on overlying strata spatial structures of longwall in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(5):979-984.(in Chinese))
[16]汪华君,姜福兴,成云海,等.覆岩导水裂隙带高度的微地震(MS)监测研究[J].煤炭工程,2006,(3):74-76.(WANG Huajun,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Yunhai,et al.Research on microseismic monitoring at top level of water conducted cracking zone in overburden rock[J].Coal Engineering,2006,(3):74-76.(in Chinese))
[17]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhaie,t al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511-1 516.(in Chinese))
[18]逄焕东,姜福兴.微地震监测中传感器的布置方法[J].有色金属(矿山部分),2003,55(6):20-21,44.(PANG Huandong,JIANG Fuxing.The layout of sensors in microseismic monitoring[J].Noneferrous Metal(Mining Section),2003,55(6):20-21,44.(in Chinese))
[19]杨淑华,张兴民,姜福兴,等.微地震定位监测的深孔检波器及其安装技术[J].北京科技大学学报,2006,28(1):68-70,100.(YANG Shuhua,ZHANG Xingmin,JIANG Fuxing,et al.Deep hole geophones and installing techniques used in microseismic monitoring[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2006,28(1):68-70,100.(in Chinese))
[20]WU Q,ZHOU W F.Prediction of groundwater inrush into coal mines from aquifers underlying the coal seams in China:vulnerability index method and its construction[OL].Environmental Geology,2008[2008-03-17].http://springer.lib.tsinghua.edu.cn/content/n440 563n56098342/fulltext.pdf.
[21]谢和平,鞠杨,黎立云.基于能量耗散与释放原理的岩石强度与整体破坏准则[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(17):3 003-3 007.(XIE Heping,JU Yang,LI Liyun.Criteria for strength and structural failure of rocks based on energy dissipation and energy release principles[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(17):3 003-3 007.(in Chinese))
[22]谢和平,彭瑞东,鞠杨,等.岩石破坏的能量分析初探[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(15):2 603-2 608.(XIE Heping,PENG ReidongJ,U Yang,et al.On energy analysis of rock failure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(15):2 603-2 608.(in Chinese))
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