深部高应力集中区域矿震活动规律研究
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摘要
研究深部矿区,特别是高应力集中区域的矿震活动规律对于冲击矿压等动力灾害"时间–空间–强度"的监测具有重要的意义。利用三河尖煤矿微震监测系统,分析研究9202高冲击危险工作面开采全过程的矿震活动规律,研究结果表明:(1)矿震活动与区域最大垂直应力梯度具有较强的相关性。区域最大垂直应力梯度越高,矿震信号越强,频谱则明显向低频段移动。(2)不同类型的矿震信号具有相应的波形及频谱特征。如卸压爆破信号呈现宽频谱、多峰值型的高频特征,而冲击矿压前兆信号则呈现出低频、低振幅,主震信号具有相对较高的频率和振幅。(3)矿震强度与电磁辐射幅值以及钻屑量具有很好的对应关系,对于监测冲击危险区域具有较强的一致性。最后,提出降低区域应力集中控制矿震强度的弱化技术,并进行现场实践,取得了预期的效果。
Based on monitoring the "time-space-intensity" of dynamic hazards,such as rockburstst,he research on activity rules of mining shock in deep coal mine is presented,especially in the area with high-stress concentration.By the microseismic(MS) monitoring system of Sanhejian Coal Mine,the activity rules of mining shock in the complete mining process of high rockburst liability working face 9202 are analyzed.The achieved results are as follows.(1) The strong correlation between the activity of mining shock and the district′s maximum vertical stress gradient is revealed:the higher the maximum vertical stress gradient value is,the stronger mining shock signal is.The frequency spectrum would obviously move to a lower frequency band.(2) The different types of mining shock signals have the corresponding waveforms and frequency spectrum characters.Signal caused by relieve-shot presents the wide frequency spectrum,multi-peak high frequency characteristics,but rockburst omen signal shows a lower frequency and amplitude,and the main shock signal has a higher frequency and amplitude compared to omen signal.(3) To monitor and recognize rockburst danger district,the strong correlation among the intensity of mining shock signal,the amplitude of electromagnetic emission(EME) signal and drilling bits is observed.At last,the weakening and controlling technology of mining shock intensity was put forward on the basis of reducing the stress concentration factor,and in-situ practice,the anticipated effects are obtained.
Based on monitoring the "time-space-intensity" of dynamic hazards,such as rockburstst,he research on activity rules of mining shock in deep coal mine is presented,especially in the area with high-stress concentration.By the microseismic(MS) monitoring system of Sanhejian Coal Mine,the activity rules of mining shock in the complete mining process of high rockburst liability working face 9202 are analyzed.The achieved results are as follows.(1) The strong correlation between the activity of mining shock and the district′s maximum vertical stress gradient is revealed:the higher the maximum vertical stress gradient value is,the stronger mining shock signal is.The frequency spectrum would obviously move to a lower frequency band.(2) The different types of mining shock signals have the corresponding waveforms and frequency spectrum characters.Signal caused by relieve-shot presents the wide frequency spectrum,multi-peak high frequency characteristics,but rockburst omen signal shows a lower frequency and amplitude,and the main shock signal has a higher frequency and amplitude compared to omen signal.(3) To monitor and recognize rockburst danger district,the strong correlation among the intensity of mining shock signal,the amplitude of electromagnetic emission(EME) signal and drilling bits is observed.At last,the weakening and controlling technology of mining shock intensity was put forward on the basis of reducing the stress concentration factor,and in-situ practice,the anticipated effects are obtained.
引文
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[4]方新秋,窦林名,柳俊仓,等.大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面冲击矿压治理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(5):602–606.(FANG Xinqiu,DOU Linming,LIU Juncang,et al.Manage of rockburst in mine with great mining depth partial extraction and strong roof face[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,35(5):602–606.(in Chinese))
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[7]成云海,姜福兴,张兴民,等.微震监测揭示的C型采场空间结构及应力场[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):102–107.(CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,et al.C-shaped strata spatial structure and stress field in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):102–107.(in Chinese))
[8]成云海,姜福兴,程久龙,等.关键层运动诱发矿震的微震探测初步研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(3):273–277.(CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Jiulong,et al.Primary study on microseismic locating and monitoring technology of shock bump caused by key stratum movement[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(3):273–277.(in Chinese))
[9]李治平,蔡美峰,王建宙,等.老虎台矿矿山地震活动规律研究[J].地震,2002,22(1):43–48.(LI Zhiping,CAI Meifeng,WANG Jianzhou,et al.Study on mine tremors′activity in Laohutai Coal Mine[J].Earthquake,2002,22(1):43–48.(in Chinese))
[10]LI T,CAI M F,CAI M.A review of mining-induced seismicity in China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(8):1 149–1 171.
[11]李铁,蔡美峰,纪洪广,等.强矿震预测的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2005,27(3):260–263.(LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,JI Hongguang,et al.Study on forecasting strong mining-induced earthquake[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2005,27(3):260–263.(in Chinese))
[12]SHEN B,KING A,GUO H.Displacement,stress and seismicity in roadway roofs during mining-induced failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):672–688.
[13]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismic monitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[14]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1 135–1 145.
[15]BECK D A,BRADY B H G.Evaluation and application of controlling parameters for seismic events in hard-rock mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(5):633–642.
[16]DRIAD-LEBEAU L,LAHAIE F,AL HEIB M,et al.Seismic and geotechnical investigations following a rockburst in a complex French mining district[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):66–78.
[17]李铁,蔡美峰,蔡明.分层开采煤矿的矿震能量释放模型与能量释放谱[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1 258–1 263.(LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,CAI Ming.A rockburst energy release model and energy release spectrum for coalmines in layered grounds[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(12):1 258–1 263.(in Chinese))
[18]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[19]NEUBERG J W,TUFFEN H,COLLIER L,et al.The trigger mechanism of low-frequency earthquakes on Montserrat[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2006,153(1/2):37–50.
[20]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):690–694.(DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MOU Zonglong,et al.Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):690–694.(in Chinese))
[21]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤矿冲击矿压的强度弱化[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(11):1 074–1 078.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Strength weakening of rockbursts in coal mines[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,29(11):1 074–1 078.(in Chinese))
[2]李世愚,和雪松,张天中,等.地震学在减轻矿山地质灾害中的应用进展[J].国际地震动态,2006,(4):1–9.(LI Shiyu,HE Xuesong,ZHANG Tianzhong,et al.Recent developments of mining seismology for mitigating mining hazards[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,2006,(4):1–9.(in Chinese))
[3]李世愚,和雪松,张少泉,等.矿山地震监测技术的进展及最新成果[J].地球物理学进展,2004,19(4):853–859.(LI Shiyu,HE Xuesong,ZHANG Shaoquan,et al.Development and recent achievement of mining shock observation[J].Progress in Geophysics,2004,19(4):853–859.(in Chinese))
[4]方新秋,窦林名,柳俊仓,等.大采深条带开采坚硬顶板工作面冲击矿压治理研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(5):602–606.(FANG Xinqiu,DOU Linming,LIU Juncang,et al.Manage of rockburst in mine with great mining depth partial extraction and strong roof face[J].Journal of China University of Mining and Technology,2006,35(5):602–606.(in Chinese))
[5]潘一山,赵杨锋,官福海,等.矿震监测定位系统的研究及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(PAN Yishan,ZHAO Yangfeng,GUAN Fuhai,et al.Study on rockburst monitoring and orientation system and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):1 002–1 011.(in Chinese))
[6]姜福兴,杨淑华,成云海,等.煤矿冲击地压的微地震监测研究[J].地球物理学报,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(JIANG Fuxing,YANG Shuhua,CHENG Yunhai,et al.A study on microseismic monitoring of rock burst in coal mine[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2006,49(5):1 511–1 516.(in Chinese))
[7]成云海,姜福兴,张兴民,等.微震监测揭示的C型采场空间结构及应力场[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):102–107.(CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,ZHANG Xingmin,et al.C-shaped strata spatial structure and stress field in longwall face monitored by microseismic monitoring[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):102–107.(in Chinese))
[8]成云海,姜福兴,程久龙,等.关键层运动诱发矿震的微震探测初步研究[J].煤炭学报,2006,31(3):273–277.(CHENG Yunhai,JIANG Fuxing,CHENG Jiulong,et al.Primary study on microseismic locating and monitoring technology of shock bump caused by key stratum movement[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2006,31(3):273–277.(in Chinese))
[9]李治平,蔡美峰,王建宙,等.老虎台矿矿山地震活动规律研究[J].地震,2002,22(1):43–48.(LI Zhiping,CAI Meifeng,WANG Jianzhou,et al.Study on mine tremors′activity in Laohutai Coal Mine[J].Earthquake,2002,22(1):43–48.(in Chinese))
[10]LI T,CAI M F,CAI M.A review of mining-induced seismicity in China[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2007,44(8):1 149–1 171.
[11]李铁,蔡美峰,纪洪广,等.强矿震预测的研究[J].北京科技大学学报,2005,27(3):260–263.(LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,JI Hongguang,et al.Study on forecasting strong mining-induced earthquake[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2005,27(3):260–263.(in Chinese))
[12]SHEN B,KING A,GUO H.Displacement,stress and seismicity in roadway roofs during mining-induced failure[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2008,45(5):672–688.
[13]URBANCIC T I,TRIFU C I.Recent advances in seismic monitoring technology at Canadian mines[J].Journal of Applied Geophysics,2000,45(4):225–237.
[14]CAI M,KAISER P K,MARTIN C D.Quantification of rock mass damage in underground excavations from microseismic event monitoring[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2001,38(8):1 135–1 145.
[15]BECK D A,BRADY B H G.Evaluation and application of controlling parameters for seismic events in hard-rock mines[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2002,39(5):633–642.
[16]DRIAD-LEBEAU L,LAHAIE F,AL HEIB M,et al.Seismic and geotechnical investigations following a rockburst in a complex French mining district[J].International Journal of Coal Geology,2005,64(1/2):66–78.
[17]李铁,蔡美峰,蔡明.分层开采煤矿的矿震能量释放模型与能量释放谱[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(12):1 258–1 263.(LI Tie,CAI Meifeng,CAI Ming.A rockburst energy release model and energy release spectrum for coalmines in layered grounds[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(12):1 258–1 263.(in Chinese))
[18]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤岩冲击前兆微震频谱演变规律的试验与实证研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):519–525.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Experimental and empirical research on frequency-spectrum evolvement rule of rockburst omen microseismic signals of coal-rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):519–525.(in Chinese))
[19]NEUBERG J W,TUFFEN H,COLLIER L,et al.The trigger mechanism of low-frequency earthquakes on Montserrat[J].Journal of Volcanology and Geothermal Research,2006,153(1/2):37–50.
[20]窦林名,陆菜平,牟宗龙,等.冲击矿压的强度弱化减冲理论及其应用[J].煤炭学报,2005,30(6):690–694.(DOU Linming,LU Caiping,MOU Zonglong,et al.Intensity weakening theory for rockburst and its application[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2005,30(6):690–694.(in Chinese))
[21]陆菜平,窦林名,吴兴荣,等.煤矿冲击矿压的强度弱化[J].北京科技大学学报,2007,29(11):1 074–1 078.(LU Caiping,DOU Linming,WU Xingrong,et al.Strength weakening of rockbursts in coal mines[J].Journal of University of Science and Technology Beijing,2007,29(11):1 074–1 078.(in Chinese))
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