晋城矿区地应力场研究及应用
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摘要
随着矿井开采深度与强度的不断增加,地应力对围岩变形与破坏的影响更加突出,在煤矿矿区进行地应力测量,并分析地应力场分布特征具有重要意义。在晋城矿区,采用小孔径水压致裂地应力测量装置,进行10个煤矿、62个测点的二维与三维地应力测量。实测数据表明:晋城矿区原岩应力以水平应力为主,构造应力占绝对优势,属于典型的构造应力场类型;地应力值属于中等水平;矿区东部与西部水平主应力方向变化较大,主要原因是受晋获褶断带的影响。基于实测数据,绘制晋城矿区地应力分布图;采用回归方法分析地应力随埋藏深度的变化规律;论述水平主应力与垂直主应力的比值同埋藏深度的关系,并与霍克–布朗包线进行比较。选择典型矿井,将地应力测量结果应用于巷道布置与支护设计,根据地应力场分布特征提出合理的巷道轴线布置方向,并在井下应用中得到验证。井下地应力测量为晋城矿区提供了可靠的基础数据,对指导矿区井田开拓、巷道布置与支护设计、采煤方法的选择等工程实践具有重要参考价值。
With the increases of coal mining depth and intensity,the in-situ stresses play more important roles in the displacement and damage of surrounding rock.It is very important to take in-situ stress measurements and analyze the distribution characteristics of the in-situ stress fields in coal mining area.62 points of stress measurements(including plane and three-dimensional tests) have been conducted in 10 coal mines of Jincheng coal mining area by means of the hydraulic fracturing stress measurement rig with small borehole.The stress measurement data indicate that:the in-situ stress field in Jincheng coal mining area,in which the tectonic stress takes absolute predominance,is dominated by horizontal stress and belongs to typical tectonic stress field.The magnitudes of the stresses are moderate values.The orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses change greatly from eastern part to western part because of the effect of Jincheng—Huolu folded and faulted zone.Based on the field data,the stress distribution map on Jincheng coal mining area is drawn up.The stress variation law with buried depth is analyzed;and the relation between the ratio of the horizontal principal stresses to the vertical stresses and buried depth is discussed in contrast to Hoek-Brown envelope curve.The measured stress results have been applied to roadway layout and support design in typical mines;and the rational axis orientations of roadways have been determined according to the stress field distribution,which has been verified by underground application.The underground stress measurements provide reliable basic data for Jincheng coal mining area,and important consulting value for guiding mining engineering practices,such as mine field development,roadway layout,support design,and selection of mining methods,etc..
With the increases of coal mining depth and intensity,the in-situ stresses play more important roles in the displacement and damage of surrounding rock.It is very important to take in-situ stress measurements and analyze the distribution characteristics of the in-situ stress fields in coal mining area.62 points of stress measurements(including plane and three-dimensional tests) have been conducted in 10 coal mines of Jincheng coal mining area by means of the hydraulic fracturing stress measurement rig with small borehole.The stress measurement data indicate that:the in-situ stress field in Jincheng coal mining area,in which the tectonic stress takes absolute predominance,is dominated by horizontal stress and belongs to typical tectonic stress field.The magnitudes of the stresses are moderate values.The orientations of the maximum horizontal principal stresses change greatly from eastern part to western part because of the effect of Jincheng—Huolu folded and faulted zone.Based on the field data,the stress distribution map on Jincheng coal mining area is drawn up.The stress variation law with buried depth is analyzed;and the relation between the ratio of the horizontal principal stresses to the vertical stresses and buried depth is discussed in contrast to Hoek-Brown envelope curve.The measured stress results have been applied to roadway layout and support design in typical mines;and the rational axis orientations of roadways have been determined according to the stress field distribution,which has been verified by underground application.The underground stress measurements provide reliable basic data for Jincheng coal mining area,and important consulting value for guiding mining engineering practices,such as mine field development,roadway layout,support design,and selection of mining methods,etc..
引文
[1]CHISTIANSSON R.The latest development for in-situ rock stress measuring techniques[C]//Proceedings of the International Symposium on In-situ Rock Stress.Trondheim,Norway[:s.n.],2006:3–10.
[2]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[3]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situ stress measurement at deep position of mining area No.2 of Jinchuan nickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
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[5]康红普,林健.我国巷道围岩地质力学测试技术新进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):27–30.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.New development in geomechanics measurement and test technology of mine roadway surrounding rock[J].Coal Science and Technology,2001,29(7):27–30.(in Chinese))
[6]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929–933.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929–933.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,林健.煤巷锚杆支护成套技术在潞安矿区的应用[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(增):106–110.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.Application of rock bolting technique for roadways in seam in Lu′an coal area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(Supp.):106–110.(in Chinese))
[8]刘允芳,刘元坤.水压致裂法三维地应力测量方法的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1999,19(3):64–71.(LIU Yunfang,LIU Yuankun.Study on 3D geostress determining method with hydrofracturing technique[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1999,19(3):64–71.(in Chinese))
[9]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study on three-dimensional geostress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[10]刘文剑,吴湘滨,王东.水压致裂法测量裂隙岩体的地应力研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(3):42–46.(LIU Wenjian,WU Xiangbin,WANG Dong.Study on geostresses measurement of fracture rock mass with hydro-fracturing of borehole[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2007,35(3):42–46.(in Chinese))
[11]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(ZHAO De′an,CHEN Zhimin,CAI Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(in Chinese))
[12]陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):99–101.(CHEN Zhimin.Discussion on change law of different lithology′s side press ratio with depths[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(6):99–101.(in Chinese))
[13]蒲文龙,张宏伟,郭守泉.深部地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(1):49–51.(PU Wenlong,ZHANG Hongwei,GUO Shouquan.Crustal stress measurement and stability of the tunnel to survey[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(1):49–51.(in Chinese))
[14]张延新,蔡美峰,王克忠.平顶山一矿地应力分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):4 033–4 037.(ZHANG Yanxin,CAI Meifeng,WANG Kezhong.Study on distribution characteristics of in-situ stresses for Pingdingshan No.1 Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):4 033–4 037.(in Chinese))
[15]郭树贵.巷道地应力测量及在锚杆支护中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2004,9(4):41–42.(GUO Shugui.Survey of geostress and its application to bolt supporting in roadway[J].Coal Mining Technology,2004,9(4):41–42.(in Chinese))
[16]张晓.小孔径水压致裂地应力测量技术研究及现场应用[硕士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2004.(ZHANG Xiao.Study on hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement techniques in small holes and field application[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2004.(in Chinese))
[17]王金华.我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的新进展[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):113–118.(WANG Jinhua.New development of rock bolting technology for coal roadway in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):113–118.(in Chinese))
[2]蔡美峰.地应力测量原理与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2000.(CAI Meifeng.Principle and techniques of in-situ stress measurement[M].Beijing:Science Press,2000.(in Chinese))
[3]蔡美峰,乔兰,于波,等.金川二矿区深部地应力测量及其分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):414–418.(CAI Meifeng,QIAO Lan,YU Bo,et al.Results and analysis of in-situ stress measurement at deep position of mining area No.2 of Jinchuan nickel mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):414–418.(in Chinese))
[4]康红普,王金华.煤巷锚杆支护理论与成套技术[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,2007:36–51.(KANG Hongpu,WANG Jinhua.Rock bolting theory and complete technology for coal roadways[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,2007:36–51.(in Chinese))
[5]康红普,林健.我国巷道围岩地质力学测试技术新进展[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(7):27–30.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.New development in geomechanics measurement and test technology of mine roadway surrounding rock[J].Coal Science and Technology,2001,29(7):27–30.(in Chinese))
[6]康红普,林健,张晓.深部矿井地应力测量方法研究与应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(5):929–933.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian,ZHANG Xiao.Research and application of in-situ stress measurement in deep mines[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(5):929–933.(in Chinese))
[7]康红普,林健.煤巷锚杆支护成套技术在潞安矿区的应用[J].煤炭学报,2001,26(增):106–110.(KANG Hongpu,LIN Jian.Application of rock bolting technique for roadways in seam in Lu′an coal area[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2001,26(Supp.):106–110.(in Chinese))
[8]刘允芳,刘元坤.水压致裂法三维地应力测量方法的研究[J].地壳形变与地震,1999,19(3):64–71.(LIU Yunfang,LIU Yuankun.Study on 3D geostress determining method with hydrofracturing technique[J].Crustal Deformation and Earthquake,1999,19(3):64–71.(in Chinese))
[9]陈群策,李方全,毛吉震.水压致裂法三维地应力测量的实用性研究[J].地质力学学报,2001,7(1):69–78.(CHEN Qunce,LI Fangquan,MAO Jizhen.Application study on three-dimensional geostress measurements by use of hydraulic fracturing method[J].Journal of Geomechanics,2001,7(1):69–78.(in Chinese))
[10]刘文剑,吴湘滨,王东.水压致裂法测量裂隙岩体的地应力研究[J].煤田地质与勘探,2007,35(3):42–46.(LIU Wenjian,WU Xiangbin,WANG Dong.Study on geostresses measurement of fracture rock mass with hydro-fracturing of borehole[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2007,35(3):42–46.(in Chinese))
[11]赵德安,陈志敏,蔡小林,等.中国地应力场分布规律统计分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(ZHAO De′an,CHEN Zhimin,CAI Xiaolin,et al.Analysis of distribution rule of geostress in China[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(6):1 265–1 271.(in Chinese))
[12]陈志敏.不同岩性侧压比随深度变化规律探讨[J].西部探矿工程,2006,18(6):99–101.(CHEN Zhimin.Discussion on change law of different lithology′s side press ratio with depths[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,18(6):99–101.(in Chinese))
[13]蒲文龙,张宏伟,郭守泉.深部地应力实测与巷道稳定性研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2005,22(1):49–51.(PU Wenlong,ZHANG Hongwei,GUO Shouquan.Crustal stress measurement and stability of the tunnel to survey[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2005,22(1):49–51.(in Chinese))
[14]张延新,蔡美峰,王克忠.平顶山一矿地应力分布特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(23):4 033–4 037.(ZHANG Yanxin,CAI Meifeng,WANG Kezhong.Study on distribution characteristics of in-situ stresses for Pingdingshan No.1 Mine[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(23):4 033–4 037.(in Chinese))
[15]郭树贵.巷道地应力测量及在锚杆支护中的应用[J].煤矿开采,2004,9(4):41–42.(GUO Shugui.Survey of geostress and its application to bolt supporting in roadway[J].Coal Mining Technology,2004,9(4):41–42.(in Chinese))
[16]张晓.小孔径水压致裂地应力测量技术研究及现场应用[硕士学位论文][D].北京:煤炭科学研究总院,2004.(ZHANG Xiao.Study on hydraulic fracturing in-situ stress measurement techniques in small holes and field application[M.S.Thesis][D].Beijing:China Coal Research Institute,2004.(in Chinese))
[17]王金华.我国煤巷锚杆支护技术的新进展[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(2):113–118.(WANG Jinhua.New development of rock bolting technology for coal roadway in China[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2007,32(2):113–118.(in Chinese))
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