交河故城土体裂隙灌浆材料性能试验
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摘要
以PS为主剂,粉煤灰和交河故城原生土为填充材料,氟硅酸钠为固化剂制得PS-(F+C)浆液,测定浆液的初凝速度,并观测结石体的收缩变形性。测试结石体在不同龄期时的强度,对比固化温度、固化剂掺量、PS模数、PS浓度以及水灰比等因素对结石体强度的影响。对PS-(F+C)浆液结石体进行水稳定性、抗冻融性、安定性和耐碱性等耐候性试验。试验结果表明,PS-(F+C)浆液和易性与可灌性非常好,它与交河故城生土遗址相兼容,浆液的凝结速度适中且可调,水灰比为0.60时的线性收缩率约2.6%,PS主剂浓度是决定浆材长期强度的最关键参数,吐鲁番夏天较高的固化温度有利于气硬性PS-(F+C)浆液结石体强度的增长,而且浆液结石体的耐候性能良好。PS-(F+C)浆液将用于封护加固交河故城生土遗址中的裂隙,防止雨水沿裂隙冲蚀下切崖体。
The PS-(F+C) slurry is prepared by mixing PS(Potassium Silicate in optimum modulus) as binding ingredient,fly ash(F) generated from thermal power plant and pulverized native raw soil(C) at the ancient city of Jiaohe as filling substance,and sodium fluosilicate as treatment agent,its initial setting time is obtained and the shrinkage behavior of its concretion is monitored.The uniaxial compressive strength of PS-(F+C) grouting material is tested at different ages and the influencing factors for its strength.Treatment temperature,amount of sodium fluosilicate,modulus of PS,concentration of PS and water-ash ratio are also discussed.Furthermore,the durability experiment including its resistance to water,to cyclic freezing-thawing,to saline crystallization in porous PS-(F+C) grouts and to aqueous alkali is carried out.It is shown that the slurry of PS-(F+C) with good workability is more compatible with the soil mass at the ancient city of Jiaohe because of adding native raw soil in a half weight of fly ash,and it shrinks less for the spherical bulking material of fly ash.Its treatment process is moderate and controllable,the linear shrinkage of its concretion with a PS to filling material ratio by weight of 0.60 is about 2.6%,the long-term strength is overwhelmingly determined by PS concentration,and its durability is pretty good.High ambient temperature is a positive impact factor that enhances the strength of air hardening PS-(F+C) grouts in its treatment process,so that it is a proper decision to execute the grouting practice in hot summer.Such slurry will be used in grouting reinforcement of fractured soil mass at the ancient city of Jiaohe to prevent further erosion by running water through fractures.
The PS-(F+C) slurry is prepared by mixing PS(Potassium Silicate in optimum modulus) as binding ingredient,fly ash(F) generated from thermal power plant and pulverized native raw soil(C) at the ancient city of Jiaohe as filling substance,and sodium fluosilicate as treatment agent,its initial setting time is obtained and the shrinkage behavior of its concretion is monitored.The uniaxial compressive strength of PS-(F+C) grouting material is tested at different ages and the influencing factors for its strength.Treatment temperature,amount of sodium fluosilicate,modulus of PS,concentration of PS and water-ash ratio are also discussed.Furthermore,the durability experiment including its resistance to water,to cyclic freezing-thawing,to saline crystallization in porous PS-(F+C) grouts and to aqueous alkali is carried out.It is shown that the slurry of PS-(F+C) with good workability is more compatible with the soil mass at the ancient city of Jiaohe because of adding native raw soil in a half weight of fly ash,and it shrinks less for the spherical bulking material of fly ash.Its treatment process is moderate and controllable,the linear shrinkage of its concretion with a PS to filling material ratio by weight of 0.60 is about 2.6%,the long-term strength is overwhelmingly determined by PS concentration,and its durability is pretty good.High ambient temperature is a positive impact factor that enhances the strength of air hardening PS-(F+C) grouts in its treatment process,so that it is a proper decision to execute the grouting practice in hot summer.Such slurry will be used in grouting reinforcement of fractured soil mass at the ancient city of Jiaohe to prevent further erosion by running water through fractures.
引文
[1]孙满利,李最雄,王旭东,等.交河故城的主要病害分析[J].敦煌研究,2005,(5):92-94.(SUN Manli,LI Zuixiong,WANG Xudong,et al.The characteristic of primary damages about the ruins of the ancient city Jiaohe[J].Dunhuang Research,2005,(5):92-94.(in Chinese))
[2]郑玉辉.裂隙岩体注浆浆液与注浆控制方法的研究[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2005.(ZHENG Yuhui.Research on grouts and controllable method of grouting in rock mass of the fissures[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2005.(in Chinese))
[3]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.交河故城的裂隙特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):612-617.(SUN Manli,WANG Xudong,LI Zuixiong,et al.Study of cranny characteristics of the ruins of Jiaohe[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):612-617.(in Chinese))
[4]李最雄,张鲁,王亨通.砂砾岩石窟岩体裂隙灌浆的进一步研究[J].敦煌研究,1993,(3):79-92.(LI Zuixiong,ZHANG Lu,WANG Hengtong.A further study of restoration work of fissured gravel rock-body in grottoes using PS grouting[J].Dunhuang Research,1993,(3):79-92.(in Chinese))
[5]李最雄.丝绸之路古遗址保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(LI Zuixiong.Conservation of ancient sites on the silk road[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]李最雄,王旭东.榆林窟东崖的岩体裂隙灌浆及其效果的人工地震检测[J].敦煌研究,1994,(2):156-170.(LI Zuixiong,WANG Xudong.Consolidation of fissured gravel rock body in the eastern sideof the Yulin Grottoes and the test of its results by use of artificial earthquake[J].Dunhuang Research,1994,(2):156-170.(in Chinese))
[7]国际古迹遗址理事会中国国家委员会,中华人民共和国国家文物局.中国文物古迹保护准则[S].洛杉矶:盖蒂保护研究所,2004.(China ICOMOS,State Administration of Cultural Heritage.Principles for the conservation of heritage sites in China[S].Los Angeles:Getty Conservation Institute,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T4209-1996工业硅酸钠[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB/T4209-1996Sodium silicate for industrial use[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1996.(in Chinese))
[9]李肖.交河故城的形制布局[M].北京:文物出版社,2003.(LI Xiao.Structure and composition of ancient Jiaohe City[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[10]孙满利.吐鲁番交河故城保护加固研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2006.(SUN Manli.A study of the protection and reinforcement about the Ruins of Jiaohe in Turpan[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2006.(in Chinese))
[11]李最雄,张虎元,王旭东.PS-F灌浆材料的进一步研究[J].敦煌研究,1996,(1):125-139.(LI Zuixiong,ZHANG Huyuan,WANG Xudong.Further studies on the use of PS-F as a grouting mixture[J].Dunhuang Research,1996,(1):125-139.(in Chinese))
[12]杨涛,李最雄,谌文武.PS-F灌浆材料的物理力学性能[J].敦煌研究,2005,(4):40-50.(YANG Tao,LI Zuixiong,CHEN Wenwu.Mechanical and physical properties of PS-F grouting material[J].Dunhuang Research,2005,(4):40-50.(in Chinese))
[13]朱纯熙,卢晨,温文鹏,等.水玻璃砂硬化的新概念[J].铸造,1994,(1):9-14.(ZHU Chunxi,LU Chen,WEN Wenpeng,et al.The new conception about the hardening of silicate-bonded sand[J].Foundry,1994,(1):9-14.(in Chinese))
[14]卢晨,温文鹏,邹忠桂,等.水玻璃砂硬化研究的新进展[J].铸造,1996,(7):41-45.(LU Chen,WEN Wenpeng,ZOU Zhonggui,et al.New progress in study on hardening of silicate-bonded sand[J].Foundry,1996,(7):41-45.(in Chinese))
[15]卢晨,朱纯熙.水玻璃化学硬化机制的探索[J].铸造,1997,(11):26-30.(LU Chen,ZHU Chunxi.Approach to mechanism of chemical hardening of water glass[J].Foundry,1997,(11):26-30.(in Chinese))
[16]朱纯熙,卢晨.水玻璃硬化的认识过程[J].无机盐工业,2001,33(1):22-25.(ZHU Chunxi,LU Chen.The progress to recognize the hardening mechanism of waterglass[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2001,33(1):22-25.(in Chinese))
[17]李忠华.固体硬化剂和二氧化碳联合硬化水玻璃砂新工艺[J].铸造设备研究,2001,(6):17-19.(LI Zhonghua.A new process of combination of solid hardener and CO2for sodium silicate sand[J].Research Studies on Foundry Equipment,2001,(6):17-19.(in Chinese))
[18]许进.不同硬化方法形成的水玻璃胶粒的微观形态变化及其原因探讨[J].中国铸造装备与技术,2008,(4):48-52.(XU Jin.The formation changes of silicate particles morphology cured by different methods and its reasons[J].China Foundry Machinery and Technology,2008,(4):48-52.(in Chinese))
[19]王红喜.高性能水玻璃悬浊型双液灌浆材料研究与应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.(WANG Hongxi.Research on high performance sodium-silicate suspension two-shot grouting materials and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[20]郝建英.新型岩土无机胶黏剂及其抗压强度性能研究[硕士学位论文][D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003.(HAO Jianying.Innovative inorganic soil adhesive and its compressive characteristic[M.S.Thesis][D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2003.(in Chinese))
[21]田倩.低水胶比大掺量矿物掺合料水泥基材料的收缩及机制研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:东南大学,2006.(TIAN Qian.Shrinkage and the mechanism of the cement-based material at low water to binder ratio incorporating high volume mineral admixtures[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006.(in Chinese))
[22]李最雄,汪万福,王旭东,等.西藏布达拉宫壁画保护修复工程报告[M].北京:文物出版社,2008.(LI Zuixiong,WANG Wanfu,WANG Xudong,et al.Report on wall painting conservation and restoration project of Potala Palace,Tibet[M].Beijing:Cultural Reelics Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[23]尤明庆,苏承东,李小双.损伤岩石试样的力学特性与纵波速度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):458-467.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong,LI Xiaoshuang.Study of relation between mechanical properties and longitudinal wave velocities for damaged rock samples[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):458-467.(in Chinese))
[24]郭少华.岩石类材料压缩断裂的实验与理论研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2003.(GUO Shaohua.The experimental and theoretical investigation on fracture of rock-type materials under compressive loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2003.(in Chinese))
[25]冯西桥.脆性材料的细观损伤理论和损伤结构的安定分析[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,1995.(FENG Xiqiao.Micro-failure theory for brittle materials and shakedown analysis of structures with damage[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1995.(in Chinese))
[26]侯云芬,王栋民,李俏,等.水玻璃性能对粉煤灰基矿物聚合物的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2008,36(1):61-64.(HOU Yunfen,WANG Dongmin,LI Qiao,et al.Effect of water glass performance on fly ash-based geopolymers[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008,36(1):61-64.(in Chinese))
[27]周健,陈勉,金衍,等.压裂酸化中近缝区灰岩强度弱化效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):206-210.(ZHOU Jian,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of strength reduction effects of limestone near fracture area during acid fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):206-210.(in Chinese))
[28]崔强,冯夏庭,薛强,等.化学腐蚀下砂岩孔隙结构变化的机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1209-1216.(CUI Qiang,FENG Xiating,XUE Qiang,et al.Mechanism study of porosity structure change of sandstone under chemical corrosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1209-1216.(in Chinese))
[2]郑玉辉.裂隙岩体注浆浆液与注浆控制方法的研究[博士学位论文][D].长春:吉林大学,2005.(ZHENG Yuhui.Research on grouts and controllable method of grouting in rock mass of the fissures[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changchun:Jilin University,2005.(in Chinese))
[3]孙满利,王旭东,李最雄,等.交河故城的裂隙特征研究[J].岩土工程学报,2007,29(4):612-617.(SUN Manli,WANG Xudong,LI Zuixiong,et al.Study of cranny characteristics of the ruins of Jiaohe[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,2007,29(4):612-617.(in Chinese))
[4]李最雄,张鲁,王亨通.砂砾岩石窟岩体裂隙灌浆的进一步研究[J].敦煌研究,1993,(3):79-92.(LI Zuixiong,ZHANG Lu,WANG Hengtong.A further study of restoration work of fissured gravel rock-body in grottoes using PS grouting[J].Dunhuang Research,1993,(3):79-92.(in Chinese))
[5]李最雄.丝绸之路古遗址保护[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(LI Zuixiong.Conservation of ancient sites on the silk road[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[6]李最雄,王旭东.榆林窟东崖的岩体裂隙灌浆及其效果的人工地震检测[J].敦煌研究,1994,(2):156-170.(LI Zuixiong,WANG Xudong.Consolidation of fissured gravel rock body in the eastern sideof the Yulin Grottoes and the test of its results by use of artificial earthquake[J].Dunhuang Research,1994,(2):156-170.(in Chinese))
[7]国际古迹遗址理事会中国国家委员会,中华人民共和国国家文物局.中国文物古迹保护准则[S].洛杉矶:盖蒂保护研究所,2004.(China ICOMOS,State Administration of Cultural Heritage.Principles for the conservation of heritage sites in China[S].Los Angeles:Getty Conservation Institute,2004.(in Chinese))
[8]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB/T4209-1996工业硅酸钠[S].北京:中国标准出版社,1996.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB/T4209-1996Sodium silicate for industrial use[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,1996.(in Chinese))
[9]李肖.交河故城的形制布局[M].北京:文物出版社,2003.(LI Xiao.Structure and composition of ancient Jiaohe City[M].Beijing:Cultural Relics Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[10]孙满利.吐鲁番交河故城保护加固研究[博士学位论文][D].兰州:兰州大学,2006.(SUN Manli.A study of the protection and reinforcement about the Ruins of Jiaohe in Turpan[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Lanzhou:Lanzhou University,2006.(in Chinese))
[11]李最雄,张虎元,王旭东.PS-F灌浆材料的进一步研究[J].敦煌研究,1996,(1):125-139.(LI Zuixiong,ZHANG Huyuan,WANG Xudong.Further studies on the use of PS-F as a grouting mixture[J].Dunhuang Research,1996,(1):125-139.(in Chinese))
[12]杨涛,李最雄,谌文武.PS-F灌浆材料的物理力学性能[J].敦煌研究,2005,(4):40-50.(YANG Tao,LI Zuixiong,CHEN Wenwu.Mechanical and physical properties of PS-F grouting material[J].Dunhuang Research,2005,(4):40-50.(in Chinese))
[13]朱纯熙,卢晨,温文鹏,等.水玻璃砂硬化的新概念[J].铸造,1994,(1):9-14.(ZHU Chunxi,LU Chen,WEN Wenpeng,et al.The new conception about the hardening of silicate-bonded sand[J].Foundry,1994,(1):9-14.(in Chinese))
[14]卢晨,温文鹏,邹忠桂,等.水玻璃砂硬化研究的新进展[J].铸造,1996,(7):41-45.(LU Chen,WEN Wenpeng,ZOU Zhonggui,et al.New progress in study on hardening of silicate-bonded sand[J].Foundry,1996,(7):41-45.(in Chinese))
[15]卢晨,朱纯熙.水玻璃化学硬化机制的探索[J].铸造,1997,(11):26-30.(LU Chen,ZHU Chunxi.Approach to mechanism of chemical hardening of water glass[J].Foundry,1997,(11):26-30.(in Chinese))
[16]朱纯熙,卢晨.水玻璃硬化的认识过程[J].无机盐工业,2001,33(1):22-25.(ZHU Chunxi,LU Chen.The progress to recognize the hardening mechanism of waterglass[J].Inorganic Chemicals Industry,2001,33(1):22-25.(in Chinese))
[17]李忠华.固体硬化剂和二氧化碳联合硬化水玻璃砂新工艺[J].铸造设备研究,2001,(6):17-19.(LI Zhonghua.A new process of combination of solid hardener and CO2for sodium silicate sand[J].Research Studies on Foundry Equipment,2001,(6):17-19.(in Chinese))
[18]许进.不同硬化方法形成的水玻璃胶粒的微观形态变化及其原因探讨[J].中国铸造装备与技术,2008,(4):48-52.(XU Jin.The formation changes of silicate particles morphology cured by different methods and its reasons[J].China Foundry Machinery and Technology,2008,(4):48-52.(in Chinese))
[19]王红喜.高性能水玻璃悬浊型双液灌浆材料研究与应用[博士学位论文][D].武汉:武汉理工大学,2007.(WANG Hongxi.Research on high performance sodium-silicate suspension two-shot grouting materials and its application[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Wuhan:Wuhan University of Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[20]郝建英.新型岩土无机胶黏剂及其抗压强度性能研究[硕士学位论文][D].昆明:昆明理工大学,2003.(HAO Jianying.Innovative inorganic soil adhesive and its compressive characteristic[M.S.Thesis][D].Kunming:Kunming University of Science and Technology,2003.(in Chinese))
[21]田倩.低水胶比大掺量矿物掺合料水泥基材料的收缩及机制研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:东南大学,2006.(TIAN Qian.Shrinkage and the mechanism of the cement-based material at low water to binder ratio incorporating high volume mineral admixtures[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Southeast University,2006.(in Chinese))
[22]李最雄,汪万福,王旭东,等.西藏布达拉宫壁画保护修复工程报告[M].北京:文物出版社,2008.(LI Zuixiong,WANG Wanfu,WANG Xudong,et al.Report on wall painting conservation and restoration project of Potala Palace,Tibet[M].Beijing:Cultural Reelics Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[23]尤明庆,苏承东,李小双.损伤岩石试样的力学特性与纵波速度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(3):458-467.(YOU Mingqing,SU Chengdong,LI Xiaoshuang.Study of relation between mechanical properties and longitudinal wave velocities for damaged rock samples[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(3):458-467.(in Chinese))
[24]郭少华.岩石类材料压缩断裂的实验与理论研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2003.(GUO Shaohua.The experimental and theoretical investigation on fracture of rock-type materials under compressive loading[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2003.(in Chinese))
[25]冯西桥.脆性材料的细观损伤理论和损伤结构的安定分析[博士学位论文][D].北京:清华大学,1995.(FENG Xiqiao.Micro-failure theory for brittle materials and shakedown analysis of structures with damage[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Beijing:Tsinghua University,1995.(in Chinese))
[26]侯云芬,王栋民,李俏,等.水玻璃性能对粉煤灰基矿物聚合物的影响[J].硅酸盐学报,2008,36(1):61-64.(HOU Yunfen,WANG Dongmin,LI Qiao,et al.Effect of water glass performance on fly ash-based geopolymers[J].Journal of the Chinese Ceramic Society,2008,36(1):61-64.(in Chinese))
[27]周健,陈勉,金衍,等.压裂酸化中近缝区灰岩强度弱化效应试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(1):206-210.(ZHOU Jian,CHEN Mian,JIN Yan,et al.Experimental study of strength reduction effects of limestone near fracture area during acid fracturing[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(1):206-210.(in Chinese))
[28]崔强,冯夏庭,薛强,等.化学腐蚀下砂岩孔隙结构变化的机制研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1209-1216.(CUI Qiang,FENG Xiating,XUE Qiang,et al.Mechanism study of porosity structure change of sandstone under chemical corrosion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1209-1216.(in Chinese))
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