采煤面覆岩变形与破坏立体电法动态测试
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摘要
采用立体直流电法,通过在井下巷道中煤层顶底板位置施工若干钻孔,在孔中埋置一定数量电极,形成孔间探测剖面,并根据采动进度测取不同时期岩层电场变化特征,进一步反演其三维立体电阻率值,可对上覆岩层受采动超前影响至后期变化规律进行全面的分析研究,为煤矿安全生产提供直观有效的技术参数。淮南某矿采面覆岩破坏顶底板跨孔立体电法测试应用中,共获得28组连续观测数据,对采动应力超前及顶板岩层变形与破坏裂隙发育特征给出动态分析,所获得的冒落带和裂隙带高度值与"三下"开采规程计算值相吻合。应用结果表明,与传统地面钻孔法及井下其他物探方法相比,该项自主创新技术具有测试成本低廉、结果判定准确、动态效应强等特点,其推广应用价值显著。
The three-dimensional DC method and technology for detecting overburden failure are introduced. Through several bores drilled in the top and floor rock of the coal seam in laneway,the detecting section between two bores is formed. Then through 64 poles fixed in different location of bores,the characteristics of the electric field in the top rock of different periods can be surveyed according to the mining plan. Through 3D inversion,the rock′s resistivity of detecting area can be gained. So the changing characteristics of overburden distortion and failure from overtaking stress of mining to stable failure of anaphase can be analyzed and researched comprehensively. It provides effective technical parameters for safety production of mine. During the detecting application to overburden failure by 3D electrical method between two bores in Huainan Mine,28 groups of data are obtained continuously. The dynamic developing characteristics of overtaking stress and rock′s distortion and destruction because of mining are analyzed and given. The height results of caving zone and fractured zone are inosculate with the calculating value according to the mining regulations under water,railway and building. The results of application show that the detecting technology by 3D electrical method between two bores has several merits,such as low cost,accurate results and dynamic detecting characteristics,and so on,compared with the traditional drilling method from ground and other detecting methods in mine. The independent and innovative technology has remarkable application and extending values in similar mines.
The three-dimensional DC method and technology for detecting overburden failure are introduced. Through several bores drilled in the top and floor rock of the coal seam in laneway,the detecting section between two bores is formed. Then through 64 poles fixed in different location of bores,the characteristics of the electric field in the top rock of different periods can be surveyed according to the mining plan. Through 3D inversion,the rock′s resistivity of detecting area can be gained. So the changing characteristics of overburden distortion and failure from overtaking stress of mining to stable failure of anaphase can be analyzed and researched comprehensively. It provides effective technical parameters for safety production of mine. During the detecting application to overburden failure by 3D electrical method between two bores in Huainan Mine,28 groups of data are obtained continuously. The dynamic developing characteristics of overtaking stress and rock′s distortion and destruction because of mining are analyzed and given. The height results of caving zone and fractured zone are inosculate with the calculating value according to the mining regulations under water,railway and building. The results of application show that the detecting technology by 3D electrical method between two bores has several merits,such as low cost,accurate results and dynamic detecting characteristics,and so on,compared with the traditional drilling method from ground and other detecting methods in mine. The independent and innovative technology has remarkable application and extending values in similar mines.
引文
[1]张文泉,张红日,徐方军.大采深倾斜薄煤层底板采动破坏形态的连续探测[J].煤田地质与勘探,2000,28(2):39–42.(ZHANG Wenquan,ZHANG Hongri,XU Fangjun.Continuous exploration for the mining failure form of the incline and thin coal seam′s floor under the high depth[J].Coal Geology and Exploration,2000,28(2):39–42.(in Chinese))
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[4]刘盛东,吴荣新,张平松.高密度电阻率法观测煤层上覆岩层破坏[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(4):18–22.(LIU Shengdong,WU Rongxin,ZHANG Pingsong.Observation with high density resistivity method for damage of overburden rock[J].Mine Science and Technology,2001,29(4):18–22.(in Chinese))
[5]ZHANG P S,WU J S,LIU S D.Testing with high density resistivity method in prevention and cure for mine water disaster and its applied effect[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2007,13(2):165–169.
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[7]吴荣新,方良成.采用网络并行电法仪探测采煤工作面无煤区[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,5(2):6–9.(WU Rongxin,FANG Liangcheng.The application of the network parallel galvanic exploration system on the surveying of whole-rock area in coal mines[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2007,5(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[8]吴小平,汪彤彤.电阻率三维反演方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):156–162.(WU Xiaoping,WANG Tongtong.Progress of three-dimensional method and study of resistivity inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):156–162.(in Chinese))
[9]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.A synthetic study on cross hole resistivity imaging using different electrode arrays[J].Exploration geophysics,1997,28(2):1–5.
[10]MAURIELLO P.,PATELLA D.Resistivity anomaly imaging by probability tomography[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47(3):411–429.
[11]SHIMA H.Two-dimensional automatic resistivity inversion technique using alpha centers[J].Geophysics,1990,55(6):628–694.
[12]SASAKI Y.3D resistivity inversion using the finite element method[J].Geophysics,1994,59(11):1839–1848.
[13]LOKE M H,BARKER R D.Practical techniques for3D resistivity surveys and data inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(3):499–523.
[14]程久龙,于师建.覆岩变形破坏电阻率响应特征的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):699–706.(CHENG Jiulong,YU Shijian.Simulation experiment on the response of resistivity to deformation and failure of overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(5):699–706.(in Chinese))
[15]尹增德.采动覆岩破坏特征及其应用研究[博士学位论文][D].青岛:山东科技大学,2007.(YIN Zengde.The failure characteristics of overburden strata induced by mining and their applications[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]贾光胜,毛德兵.综放开采顶煤体离层与破坏规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,(2):6–8.(JIA Guangsheng,MAO Debing.Study on the separation and the broken law of top-coal in longwall top-coal caving mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,(2):6–8.(in Chinese))
[17]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai,et al.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(in Chinese))
[18]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机制及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.(LIU Shucai.Mechanism of water inrush from coal seam floor and continuous survey of fractured zones in coal seam floor[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
[2]刘传武,张明,赵武升.用声波测试技术确定煤层开采后底板破坏深度[J].煤炭科技,2005,(3):4–5.(LIU Chuanwu,ZHANG Ming,ZHAO Wusheng.Destroying depth of coal seam floor′s failure by sound wave technology[J].Coal Science and Technology,2005,(3):4–5.(in Chinese))
[3]张平松,刘盛东,吴荣新.地震波CT技术探测煤层上覆岩层破坏规律[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2510–2513.(ZHANG Pingsong,LIU Shengdong,WU Rongxin.Observation of overburden failure of coal seam by CT of seismic wave[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(15):2510–2513.(in Chinese))
[4]刘盛东,吴荣新,张平松.高密度电阻率法观测煤层上覆岩层破坏[J].煤炭科学技术,2001,29(4):18–22.(LIU Shengdong,WU Rongxin,ZHANG Pingsong.Observation with high density resistivity method for damage of overburden rock[J].Mine Science and Technology,2001,29(4):18–22.(in Chinese))
[5]ZHANG P S,WU J S,LIU S D.Testing with high density resistivity method in prevention and cure for mine water disaster and its applied effect[J].Journal of Coal Science and Engineering,2007,13(2):165–169.
[6]刘盛东,张平松.分布式并行智能电极电位差信号采集方法[P].中国发明专利:zl200410014020.0,2006.7.26.(LIU Shengdong,ZHANG Pingsong.The signal acquisition method of electrode potential difference in the distributed paralleling intellective way[P].China Patent of Invention:zl200410014020.0,2006.7.26.(in Chinese))
[7]吴荣新,方良成.采用网络并行电法仪探测采煤工作面无煤区[J].安徽理工大学学报(自然科学版),2007,5(2):6–9.(WU Rongxin,FANG Liangcheng.The application of the network parallel galvanic exploration system on the surveying of whole-rock area in coal mines[J].Journal of Anhui University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2007,5(2):6–9.(in Chinese))
[8]吴小平,汪彤彤.电阻率三维反演方法研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2002,17(2):156–162.(WU Xiaoping,WANG Tongtong.Progress of three-dimensional method and study of resistivity inversion[J].Progress in Geophysics,2002,17(2):156–162.(in Chinese))
[9]ZHOU B,GREENHALGH S A.A synthetic study on cross hole resistivity imaging using different electrode arrays[J].Exploration geophysics,1997,28(2):1–5.
[10]MAURIELLO P.,PATELLA D.Resistivity anomaly imaging by probability tomography[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1999,47(3):411–429.
[11]SHIMA H.Two-dimensional automatic resistivity inversion technique using alpha centers[J].Geophysics,1990,55(6):628–694.
[12]SASAKI Y.3D resistivity inversion using the finite element method[J].Geophysics,1994,59(11):1839–1848.
[13]LOKE M H,BARKER R D.Practical techniques for3D resistivity surveys and data inversion[J].Geophysical Prospecting,1996,44(3):499–523.
[14]程久龙,于师建.覆岩变形破坏电阻率响应特征的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(5):699–706.(CHENG Jiulong,YU Shijian.Simulation experiment on the response of resistivity to deformation and failure of overburden[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2000,43(5):699–706.(in Chinese))
[15]尹增德.采动覆岩破坏特征及其应用研究[博士学位论文][D].青岛:山东科技大学,2007.(YIN Zengde.The failure characteristics of overburden strata induced by mining and their applications[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Qingdao:Shandong University of Science and Technology,2007.(in Chinese))
[16]贾光胜,毛德兵.综放开采顶煤体离层与破坏规律研究[J].矿山压力与顶板管理,2002,(2):6–8.(JIA Guangsheng,MAO Debing.Study on the separation and the broken law of top-coal in longwall top-coal caving mining[J].Ground Pressure and Strata Control,2002,(2):6–8.(in Chinese))
[17]缪协兴,陈荣华,浦海,等.采场覆岩厚关键层破断与冒落规律分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(MIAO Xiexing,CHEN Ronghua,PU Hai,et al.Analysis of breakage and collapse of thick key strata around coal face[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1289–1295.(in Chinese))
[18]刘树才.煤矿底板突水机制及破坏裂隙带演化动态探测技术[博士学位论文][D].徐州:中国矿业大学,2008.(LIU Shucai.Mechanism of water inrush from coal seam floor and continuous survey of fractured zones in coal seam floor[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Xuzhou:China University of Mining and Technology,2008.(in Chinese))
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