南海西北次海盆地壳结构:海底广角地震实验结果
摘要
利用完整穿越南海西北次海盆及其两侧大陆边缘的海底广角反射/折射地震测线,反演了该地区的地壳结构.该测线总长484km,共投放海底地震仪(OBS)14台,台站间距30km,组合枪阵激发总容量5160in3(1in3=16.3871cm3).结合同测线多道地震资料,通过OBS数据的精细处理和初始建模,利用射线追踪正反演技术,获得了西北次海盆地壳速度结构模型.结果表明,地壳厚度从上陆坡的21km减薄至下陆坡的14km,在西北次海盆为7.7km;莫霍面埋深从上陆坡的21km上升到海盆中央的11km.西北次海盆和东部次海盆的地壳速度结构相似,都为大洋地壳,但不同的是层1(沉积层)增厚,层2减薄,该特点在东部次海盆尤其明显.西北次海盆及其两侧边缘构造形态和速度结构对称分布,存在共轭关系,其陆缘张裂机制属纯剪切模式.模型中的西北次海盆北侧陆缘下地壳没有发现高速层,这为南海北部陆缘西部非火山型地壳性质提供了新的证据.西北次海盆海底扩张规模小、时间短,且层2可能经历了玄武岩岩浆的不对称溢流,这可能导致西北次海盆磁条带异常的模糊化.
引文
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27Lister G S,Ethridge M A,Symonds P A.Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins.Geology,1986,14:246-250
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30Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,et al.Deep penetration seismic sounding across the northern margin of the South China Sea.J Geophys Res,1995,100:2240722433
31姚伯初.南海西南海盆的岩石圈张裂模式探讨.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19:3748
32吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林.南海北部陆缘构造属性问题.高校地质学报,2001,7:419426
33Wang T K,Chen M K,Lee C S,et al.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254
34阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利,等.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度.高校地质学报,2009,15:417428
35Kennett J P.Marine Geology.New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1982
36李家彪,金翔龙,高金耀.南海东部海盆晚期扩张的构造地貌研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32:239-248
37施小斌,周蒂,张毅祥,等.南海西沙海槽岩石圈的密度结构与热-流变结构.热带海洋学报,2002,21:2331
38姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海西沙海槽,一条古缝合线.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14:110
39阎贫,刘海龄.南海北部陆缘地壳结构探测结果分析.热带海洋学报,2002,21:112
40丁巍伟,黎明碧,赵俐红,等.南海西北次海盆新生代构造-沉积特征及伸展模式探讨.地学前缘,2009,16:147156
2Taylor B,Hayes D E.Origin and history of South China Sea Basin.In:Hayes D E,ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.Geophys Monogr AGU,1983,27:23-56
3Taylor B,Hayes D E.The tectonic evolution of the South China Sea Basin.In:Hayes D E,ed.The Tectonic and Geologic Evolution of Southeast Asian Seas and Islands.Geophys Monogr AGU,1980,23:89-104
4陈圣源.南海磁力异常图.南海地质地球物理图集.广州:广东地图出版社,1987
5吕文正.南海中央海盆条带磁异常特征及构造演化.海洋学报,1987,9:69-78
6金庆焕.南海地质与油气资源.北京:地质出版社,1989
7姚伯初,曾维军,等.中美合作调研南海地质专报.武汉:中国地质大学出版社,1994
8Barckhausen U,Roeser H A.Seafloor spreading anomalies in the South China Sea revisited.In:Continent-Ocean Interactions within East Asian Marginal Seas.AGU Chapman Conference,San Diego,CA,ETATS-UNIS(11/2002),2004.121-125
9阮爱国,李家彪,冯占英,等.海底地震仪及其国内外发展现状.东海海洋,2004,22:19-27
10Qiu X L,Shi X B,Yan P,et al.Recent progress of deep seismic experiments and studies of crustal structure in northern South China Sea.Prog Nat Sci,2003,13:481-488
11阮爱国,丘学林,李家彪,等.中国海洋深地震探测与研究进展.华南地震,2009,29:10-18
12张中杰,刘一峰,张素芳,等.南海北部珠江口-琼东南盆地地壳速度结构与几何分层.地球物理学报,2009,52:2461-2467
13郝天珧,徐亚,赵百民,等.南海磁性基底分布特征的地球物理研究.地球物理学报,2009,52:2763-2774
14Qiu X L,Ye S Y,Wu S G,et al.Crustal structure across the Xisha Trough,northwestern South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,341:179-193
15Yan P,Zhou D,Liu Z S.A crustal structure profile across the northern continental margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2001,338:1-21
16Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Yao B C,et al.Gravity,heat flow,and seismic constrains on the processes of crustal extension:Northern margin of the South China Sea.J Geophys Res,1995,100:22447-22483
17吴振利,阮爱国,李家彪,等.南海中北部地壳深部结构探测新进展.华南地震,2008,28:21-28
18Makris J,M ller L.An ocean bottom seismic station for general use--Technical requirements and applications.In:Hoefeld J,Mitzlaff A,Plomsky S,eds.Europe and the Sea,Marine Sciences and Technologies in the1990’s.Hamburg:German Committee for Marine Science and Technology,1989.196-211
19李湘云,吴振利,薛彬,等.SEDIS IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪及应用体会.热带海洋学报,2007,26:35-39
20薛彬,阮爱国,李湘云,等.SEDIS IV型短周期自浮式海底地震仪数据校正方法.海洋学研究,2008,26:98102
21金翔龙.南海地球科学研究报告.东海海洋,1989,7:21-29
22Ditmar P G,Makris J.Tomographic inversion of 2-D WARRP data based on Tikhonov regularization.In:66th Ann Internat Mtg,Soc Expl Geophys,Expanded Abstr,1996.2015-2018
23Christensen N I,Walter D M.Seismic velocity structure and composition of the continental crust:A global view.J Geophys Res,1995,100:97619788
24Cady J.Calculation of gravity and magnetic anomalies of finite-length right polygonal prisms.Geophysics,1980,45:15071520
25Mckenzie D.Some remarks on the development of sedimentary basins.Earth Planet Sci Lett,1978,40:2532
26Wernicke B.Low-angle normal faults in the Basin&Range Province:Nappe tectonics in an extending orogen.Nature,1981,219:645648
27Lister G S,Ethridge M A,Symonds P A.Detachment faulting and the evolution of passive continental margins.Geology,1986,14:246-250
28Zhou D,Ru K,Chen H Z,et al.Kinematics of Cenozoic extension on the South China Sea continental margin and its implications for the tectonic evolution of the region.Tectonophysics,1995,251:161-177
29Hayes D E,Nissen S S,Buhl P,et al.Throughgoing crustal faults along the northern margin of the South China Sea and their role in crustal extension.J Geophys Res,100:22435-22446
30Nissen S S,Hayes D E,Buhl P,et al.Deep penetration seismic sounding across the northern margin of the South China Sea.J Geophys Res,1995,100:2240722433
31姚伯初.南海西南海盆的岩石圈张裂模式探讨.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1999,19:3748
32吴世敏,周蒂,丘学林.南海北部陆缘构造属性问题.高校地质学报,2001,7:419426
33Wang T K,Chen M K,Lee C S,et al.Seismic imaging of the transitional crust across the northeastern margin of the South China Sea.Tectonophysics,2006,412:237-254
34阮爱国,牛雄伟,吴振利,等.潮汕坳陷中生代沉积的折射波2D速度结构和密度.高校地质学报,2009,15:417428
35Kennett J P.Marine Geology.New Jersey:Prentice-Hall,1982
36李家彪,金翔龙,高金耀.南海东部海盆晚期扩张的构造地貌研究.中国科学D辑:地球科学,2002,32:239-248
37施小斌,周蒂,张毅祥,等.南海西沙海槽岩石圈的密度结构与热-流变结构.热带海洋学报,2002,21:2331
38姚伯初,曾维军,陈艺中,等.南海西沙海槽,一条古缝合线.海洋地质与第四纪地质,1994,14:110
39阎贫,刘海龄.南海北部陆缘地壳结构探测结果分析.热带海洋学报,2002,21:112
40丁巍伟,黎明碧,赵俐红,等.南海西北次海盆新生代构造-沉积特征及伸展模式探讨.地学前缘,2009,16:147156
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