岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试方法研究进展
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摘要
岩石断裂韧度测试方法研究是准确获取岩石断裂韧度值的重要前提,也是进行岩石断裂力学理论和应用探索的重要途径.本文综述了国内外岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度测试方法,着重介绍了美国材料与测试协会(ASTM)和国际岩石力学协会(ISRM)提出的建议测试方法及其研究进展;对比了不同测试方法获得的岩石Ⅰ型断裂韧度值之间的差异,并分析了产生这种差异的原因;指出了岩石断裂韧度测试方法中有待于进一步研究的问题.
Research on rock fracture toughness testing methods is not only an important precondition to obtain accurate rock fracture toughness values,but also a key way to explore the rock fracture mechanics theory and application.Existing testing methods of rock mode-I fracture toughness are summarized.The research situation and progress of ASTM and ISRM suggesting testing methods are specifically introduced,then the variances of mode-I fracture toughness values derived from suggested methods are investigated and the reasons for that variance were analyzed.Finally some problems which need to be further studied in the rock fracture toughness testing methods are pointed out.
Research on rock fracture toughness testing methods is not only an important precondition to obtain accurate rock fracture toughness values,but also a key way to explore the rock fracture mechanics theory and application.Existing testing methods of rock mode-I fracture toughness are summarized.The research situation and progress of ASTM and ISRM suggesting testing methods are specifically introduced,then the variances of mode-I fracture toughness values derived from suggested methods are investigated and the reasons for that variance were analyzed.Finally some problems which need to be further studied in the rock fracture toughness testing methods are pointed out.
引文
[1]Atkinson B K.岩石断裂力学[M].北京:地震出版社,1992.
[2]Hudson J A.Fracture Mechanics Workshop Report[R].Germany:the 5th Euro-conference on Rock Physics andGeo-mechanics,Potsdam,2004.
[3]贾学明,王启智.标定ISRM岩石断裂韧度新型试样CCNBD的应力强度因子[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1227-1233.Jia Xueming,Wang Qizhi.Calibration of stress intensity factor for new type of fracture toughness specimensuggested by ISRM[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1227-1233.(inChinese)
[4]Bearman R A.The use of the point load test for the rapid estimation of Mode fracture toughness[J].Int J RockMech Min Sci,1999,36:257-263.
[5]Whittaker B N,Singh R N,Sun G.Rock fracture mechanics-principles,design and applications[M].London:Elsevier,1992.
[6]ASTM E395.Standard test method for plane-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials[S].Annual book ofASTM Standards,Philadelphia,1984.
[7]ISRM Testing Commission.Suggested methods for determining the fracture toughness of rock[J].Int J Rock MechMin Sci,1988,25:71-96.
[8]ISRM Testing Commission.Suggested method for determining mode fracture toughness using cracked chevronnotched Brazilian disc(CCNBD)specimens[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr,1995,32:57-64.
[9]Iqbal M J,Mohanty B.Experimental calibration of stress intensity factors of the ISRM suggested cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc specimen used for determination of mode-fracture toughness[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2006,43:1270-1276.
[10]Dwivedi R D,Soni A K,Goell R K,Dube A K.Fracture toughness of rock under sub-zero temperature conditions[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2000,37:1267-1275.
[11]Wang Q Z,Jia X M,Wu L Z.Wide-range stress intensity factors for the ISRM suggested method using CCNBDspecimens for rock fracture toughness tests[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2004,41:709-716.
[12]Zhang Z X,Kou S Q,Lindqvist P A,Yu Y.Strength theories:applications,development&prospects for 21stcentury[M].Science Press,1998,215-219.
[13]孙宗颀,饶秋华,王桂尧.岩石剪切断裂韧度(K C)确定的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):199-203.Sun Zongqi,Rao Qiuhua,Wang Guiyao.Determination for rock shear fracture toughness(K C)[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):199-203.(in Chinese)
[14]Müller W,Rummel F.Bruchzahigkeitsmessungen an Gesteinen.Breicht zu den BMFT-FE-Vorhaben[R].03E-3068-B,Bochum,F.R.G:Ruhr University,1984.
[15]Ouchterlony F.A presentation of the ISRM suggested methods for determining fracture toughness of material[C].Proc.6th Int.Congr.Rock Mechanics,Balkema,Rotterdam,1987:1181-1186.
[16]Ouchterlony F.Rock Mode-I fracture toughness testing methods[R].Sweden:Swedish Detonic ResearchFoundation,Stockholm,1987.
[17]Takahashi H,Hashida T,Fukazawa T.Fracture toughness tests by use of core based specimens[R].T-002-86.Japan:Faculty of Engineering,Tohoku university,1986.
[18]Li Zhenzi.The nonlinearity correction of rock fracture toughness[J].J.CENT.South INST.Min.Metall,1998,24(4):24-28.
[19]徐纪成,刘大安,孙宗颀,等.岩石断裂韧度的国际联合试验研究[J].中南工业大学学报,1995,26(3):310-313.Xu Jicheng,Liu Daan,Sun Zongqi,et al.International joint experiment study for the fracture toughness of rockmaterials[J].J.CENT.South INST.MIN.Metall,1995,26(3):310-313.(in Chinese)
[20]尹祥础,颜玉定,李红,等.不同方法测定岩石断裂韧度K C的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(4):328-333.Yin Xiangchu,Yan Yuding,Li Hong,et al.Experimental investigation on the measurement of fracture toughnessK Cof rocks using different methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(4):328-333.(in Chinese)
[21]Meredith P G.A fracture mechanics study of experimentally deformed crustal rocks[D].London:University ofLondon,1983.
[22]Backers T.Effect of loading rate on Mode fracture toughness,roughness and micromechanics of sandstone[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2003,40:425-433.
[23]Sun Z.Ouchterlony F.Fracture toughness of round specimens of stripa granite[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Abstr,1986,23:399-409.
[24]Nasseri M H B.Coupled evolutions of fracture toughness and elastic wave velocities at high crack density inthermally treated Westerly granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2007,44:601-616.
[25]Cao Ping,Li Jiangteng,Yuan Haiping.Testing study of subcritical crack growth rate and fracture toughness indifferent rocks[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2006,16:709-713.
[26]Yu Y.Measuring properties of rock from the site of permanent shiplock in three Gorges project[R].Yangtze RiverScientific Research Institute,2001.
[27]Suzuki M,Abe H,Takehashi H,Tamakawa K,Kikuchi M.Acoustic emission characteristics and fracturetoughness of sandstone[R].Technology Report No.43,Sendai,Japan:Tohoku University,1978.
[28]Ghose A K,Biswas K.Fracture toughness of Indian coal and coal measure rock:some investigations[J].J InstEngrs(India),1991,72:41-48.
[29]张广清,陈勉,杨小远.裂纹宽度对岩石断裂韧性测试结果的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(6):42-45.Zhang Guangqing,Chen Mian,Yang Xiaoyuan.Influence of fracture width on rock fracture toughnessmeasurement[J].Journal of The University of Petroleum,China(Nature Sciences),2002,26(6):42-45.(inChinese)
[30]Iabichino G.Development of an integrated computer aided design and planning methodology for underground marblequarries[J].Final report,Contract No.BRPR-CT98-0723,2002:21-25.
[31]陶纪南.岩石断裂韧度K C测试中的几个问题——裂纹亚临界扩展的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(4):319-327.Tao Jinan.Some problems concerning the measurement of rock toughness K C——research into subcriticalpropagation of cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(4):319-327.(in Chinese)
[32]李春林.用三点弯圆棒梁试样测大理岩断裂韧度[R].长沙:中南工业大学岩石断裂课题组,1987.
[33]赵小明.岩石断裂韧度研究[D].长沙:中南工业大学,1987.
[34]Michalopoulos G.Mode-fracture toughness determination of Lorano marble with pre-cracked brazilian discsexperiments[R].Dissertation Thesis,Technical University of Crete,2005.
[35]罗礼,徐纪成,张静宜,等.双扭方法测定岩石断裂韧度的研究[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1990,21(3):242-247.Luo Li,Xu Jicheng,Zhang Jingyi,et al.A study of the measurement of rock fracture toughness using the doubletorsion method[J].J.CENT.South INST.Min.METALL,1990,21(3):242-247.(in Chinese)
[36]Matsuki K,Nozuyama Y,Takahashi H.Size effect in the fracture toughness testing of rocks using a boring core[C].Proc.Spring Meeting Min.Metall.Inst.Japan,1987:193-194.
[37]Zhang Z X.Effects of loading rate on rock fracture[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1999,36:597-611.
[38]Yi X.Fracture toughness and crack growth in short rod specimens of rock[C].Licentiate Thesis 1987:06L,LuleáUniv.Techn.,Luleá,Sweden,1987.
[39]Travers M A,Tharp T M.A simple pre-cracking procedure for fracture toughness testing in rock:Application toroof rock above no.V coal(Indiana)[C].USA:Proceedings of the 27th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1986:24-31.
[40]王启智,鲜学福.岩石三点弯曲圆梁断裂韧度K C的测试研究[J].重庆大学学报,1992,15(5):101-106.Wang Qizhi,Xian Xuefu.An investigation for testing fracture toughness with three point bending round bars[J].Journal of Chong Qing University,1992,15(5):101-106.(in Chinese)
[41]Khan K,Al Shayea N A.Effect of specimen geometry and testing method on mixed mode-fracture toughnessof a limestone rock from Saudi Arabia[J].Rock Mech Rock Eng,2000,33(3):179-206.
[42]Meredith P G,Atkinson B K.Stress corrosion and acoustic emission during tensile crack propagation in Whin Silldolerite and other basic rocks[J].Geophys J Roy Astron Soc,1983,75:1-21.
[43]Atkinson B K.Subcritical crack growth in geological materials[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89:4017-4114.
[44]Prokopski G,Halbiniak J.Interfacial transition zone in cementitious materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):579-583.
[2]Hudson J A.Fracture Mechanics Workshop Report[R].Germany:the 5th Euro-conference on Rock Physics andGeo-mechanics,Potsdam,2004.
[3]贾学明,王启智.标定ISRM岩石断裂韧度新型试样CCNBD的应力强度因子[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(8):1227-1233.Jia Xueming,Wang Qizhi.Calibration of stress intensity factor for new type of fracture toughness specimensuggested by ISRM[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(8):1227-1233.(inChinese)
[4]Bearman R A.The use of the point load test for the rapid estimation of Mode fracture toughness[J].Int J RockMech Min Sci,1999,36:257-263.
[5]Whittaker B N,Singh R N,Sun G.Rock fracture mechanics-principles,design and applications[M].London:Elsevier,1992.
[6]ASTM E395.Standard test method for plane-strain fracture toughness of metallic materials[S].Annual book ofASTM Standards,Philadelphia,1984.
[7]ISRM Testing Commission.Suggested methods for determining the fracture toughness of rock[J].Int J Rock MechMin Sci,1988,25:71-96.
[8]ISRM Testing Commission.Suggested method for determining mode fracture toughness using cracked chevronnotched Brazilian disc(CCNBD)specimens[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci Geomech Abstr,1995,32:57-64.
[9]Iqbal M J,Mohanty B.Experimental calibration of stress intensity factors of the ISRM suggested cracked chevron-notched Brazilian disc specimen used for determination of mode-fracture toughness[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2006,43:1270-1276.
[10]Dwivedi R D,Soni A K,Goell R K,Dube A K.Fracture toughness of rock under sub-zero temperature conditions[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2000,37:1267-1275.
[11]Wang Q Z,Jia X M,Wu L Z.Wide-range stress intensity factors for the ISRM suggested method using CCNBDspecimens for rock fracture toughness tests[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2004,41:709-716.
[12]Zhang Z X,Kou S Q,Lindqvist P A,Yu Y.Strength theories:applications,development&prospects for 21stcentury[M].Science Press,1998,215-219.
[13]孙宗颀,饶秋华,王桂尧.岩石剪切断裂韧度(K C)确定的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):199-203.Sun Zongqi,Rao Qiuhua,Wang Guiyao.Determination for rock shear fracture toughness(K C)[J].ChineseJournal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):199-203.(in Chinese)
[14]Müller W,Rummel F.Bruchzahigkeitsmessungen an Gesteinen.Breicht zu den BMFT-FE-Vorhaben[R].03E-3068-B,Bochum,F.R.G:Ruhr University,1984.
[15]Ouchterlony F.A presentation of the ISRM suggested methods for determining fracture toughness of material[C].Proc.6th Int.Congr.Rock Mechanics,Balkema,Rotterdam,1987:1181-1186.
[16]Ouchterlony F.Rock Mode-I fracture toughness testing methods[R].Sweden:Swedish Detonic ResearchFoundation,Stockholm,1987.
[17]Takahashi H,Hashida T,Fukazawa T.Fracture toughness tests by use of core based specimens[R].T-002-86.Japan:Faculty of Engineering,Tohoku university,1986.
[18]Li Zhenzi.The nonlinearity correction of rock fracture toughness[J].J.CENT.South INST.Min.Metall,1998,24(4):24-28.
[19]徐纪成,刘大安,孙宗颀,等.岩石断裂韧度的国际联合试验研究[J].中南工业大学学报,1995,26(3):310-313.Xu Jicheng,Liu Daan,Sun Zongqi,et al.International joint experiment study for the fracture toughness of rockmaterials[J].J.CENT.South INST.MIN.Metall,1995,26(3):310-313.(in Chinese)
[20]尹祥础,颜玉定,李红,等.不同方法测定岩石断裂韧度K C的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(4):328-333.Yin Xiangchu,Yan Yuding,Li Hong,et al.Experimental investigation on the measurement of fracture toughnessK Cof rocks using different methods[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(4):328-333.(in Chinese)
[21]Meredith P G.A fracture mechanics study of experimentally deformed crustal rocks[D].London:University ofLondon,1983.
[22]Backers T.Effect of loading rate on Mode fracture toughness,roughness and micromechanics of sandstone[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2003,40:425-433.
[23]Sun Z.Ouchterlony F.Fracture toughness of round specimens of stripa granite[J].Int.J.Rock Mech.Min.Sci.Abstr,1986,23:399-409.
[24]Nasseri M H B.Coupled evolutions of fracture toughness and elastic wave velocities at high crack density inthermally treated Westerly granite[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,2007,44:601-616.
[25]Cao Ping,Li Jiangteng,Yuan Haiping.Testing study of subcritical crack growth rate and fracture toughness indifferent rocks[J].Trans.Nonferrous Met.Soc.China,2006,16:709-713.
[26]Yu Y.Measuring properties of rock from the site of permanent shiplock in three Gorges project[R].Yangtze RiverScientific Research Institute,2001.
[27]Suzuki M,Abe H,Takehashi H,Tamakawa K,Kikuchi M.Acoustic emission characteristics and fracturetoughness of sandstone[R].Technology Report No.43,Sendai,Japan:Tohoku University,1978.
[28]Ghose A K,Biswas K.Fracture toughness of Indian coal and coal measure rock:some investigations[J].J InstEngrs(India),1991,72:41-48.
[29]张广清,陈勉,杨小远.裂纹宽度对岩石断裂韧性测试结果的影响[J].石油大学学报(自然科学版),2002,26(6):42-45.Zhang Guangqing,Chen Mian,Yang Xiaoyuan.Influence of fracture width on rock fracture toughnessmeasurement[J].Journal of The University of Petroleum,China(Nature Sciences),2002,26(6):42-45.(inChinese)
[30]Iabichino G.Development of an integrated computer aided design and planning methodology for underground marblequarries[J].Final report,Contract No.BRPR-CT98-0723,2002:21-25.
[31]陶纪南.岩石断裂韧度K C测试中的几个问题——裂纹亚临界扩展的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1990,9(4):319-327.Tao Jinan.Some problems concerning the measurement of rock toughness K C——research into subcriticalpropagation of cracks[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1990,9(4):319-327.(in Chinese)
[32]李春林.用三点弯圆棒梁试样测大理岩断裂韧度[R].长沙:中南工业大学岩石断裂课题组,1987.
[33]赵小明.岩石断裂韧度研究[D].长沙:中南工业大学,1987.
[34]Michalopoulos G.Mode-fracture toughness determination of Lorano marble with pre-cracked brazilian discsexperiments[R].Dissertation Thesis,Technical University of Crete,2005.
[35]罗礼,徐纪成,张静宜,等.双扭方法测定岩石断裂韧度的研究[J].中南矿冶学院学报,1990,21(3):242-247.Luo Li,Xu Jicheng,Zhang Jingyi,et al.A study of the measurement of rock fracture toughness using the doubletorsion method[J].J.CENT.South INST.Min.METALL,1990,21(3):242-247.(in Chinese)
[36]Matsuki K,Nozuyama Y,Takahashi H.Size effect in the fracture toughness testing of rocks using a boring core[C].Proc.Spring Meeting Min.Metall.Inst.Japan,1987:193-194.
[37]Zhang Z X.Effects of loading rate on rock fracture[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1999,36:597-611.
[38]Yi X.Fracture toughness and crack growth in short rod specimens of rock[C].Licentiate Thesis 1987:06L,LuleáUniv.Techn.,Luleá,Sweden,1987.
[39]Travers M A,Tharp T M.A simple pre-cracking procedure for fracture toughness testing in rock:Application toroof rock above no.V coal(Indiana)[C].USA:Proceedings of the 27th US Symposium on Rock Mechanics,1986:24-31.
[40]王启智,鲜学福.岩石三点弯曲圆梁断裂韧度K C的测试研究[J].重庆大学学报,1992,15(5):101-106.Wang Qizhi,Xian Xuefu.An investigation for testing fracture toughness with three point bending round bars[J].Journal of Chong Qing University,1992,15(5):101-106.(in Chinese)
[41]Khan K,Al Shayea N A.Effect of specimen geometry and testing method on mixed mode-fracture toughnessof a limestone rock from Saudi Arabia[J].Rock Mech Rock Eng,2000,33(3):179-206.
[42]Meredith P G,Atkinson B K.Stress corrosion and acoustic emission during tensile crack propagation in Whin Silldolerite and other basic rocks[J].Geophys J Roy Astron Soc,1983,75:1-21.
[43]Atkinson B K.Subcritical crack growth in geological materials[J].J Geophys Res,1984,89:4017-4114.
[44]Prokopski G,Halbiniak J.Interfacial transition zone in cementitious materials[J].Cement and Concrete Research,2000(30):579-583.
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