抛掷爆破对内排土场边坡稳定性影响的试验研究
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摘要
针对黑岱沟露天煤矿抛掷爆破作用下内排土场高台阶边坡稳定性问题,利用相似模拟试验和数字散斑观测方法,研究动载作用下边坡的变形规律。试验结果表明:抛掷爆破可将煤层上覆大量岩石破碎抛掷到采空区,形成沉降漏斗,沉降约17cm,块度较为均匀;抛掷爆破产生的应力波具有很强的方向性,引起内排坡体与煤层底板原岩在交界处发生微小错动,边坡体整体向临空面发生水平位移,且发生沉降,坡体内部沉降位移最大。爆破引起内排土场边坡发生微小的位移,不会引起内排土场发生破坏性的滑移,坡体结构是稳定的。因此,应用相似模拟试验的方法研究动静载荷作用下坡体变形是可行的。
The high-step slope stability of inner dump slope in Heidaigou opencast coal mine under the influences of cast blasting is studied by dynamic similarity simulation experiment and digital speckle correlation method. The results indicate that a lot of rocks above seam are broken and cast to inner dump during the course of cast blasting. The blasted settlement is 17 cm;and the size of blasted rock fragment is homogeneous. The stress wave is strongly directional;and the relative motion occurs at contact plane between inner dump slope and seam earth. The horizontal displacement to free face and settlement occur in the slope;and the settlement in inner slope is the largest. The movements of the inner dump slope,relative to bench height,are very small,which would not lead to landslide or damage. Therefore,it is feasible to apply dynamic similarity simulation experiment to study slope deformation.
The high-step slope stability of inner dump slope in Heidaigou opencast coal mine under the influences of cast blasting is studied by dynamic similarity simulation experiment and digital speckle correlation method. The results indicate that a lot of rocks above seam are broken and cast to inner dump during the course of cast blasting. The blasted settlement is 17 cm;and the size of blasted rock fragment is homogeneous. The stress wave is strongly directional;and the relative motion occurs at contact plane between inner dump slope and seam earth. The horizontal displacement to free face and settlement occur in the slope;and the settlement in inner slope is the largest. The movements of the inner dump slope,relative to bench height,are very small,which would not lead to landslide or damage. Therefore,it is feasible to apply dynamic similarity simulation experiment to study slope deformation.
引文
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[2]马军,郭昭华.露天煤矿抛掷爆破技术研究与应用[J].露天采矿技术,2005,[5]:43–45.[MA Jun,GUO Zhaohua.Study of using pinpoint blasting technology in open-pit coal mine[J].Opencast Mining Technology,2005,[5]:43–45.[in Chinese]]
[3]陈祖煜,汪小刚,杨健,等.岩质边坡稳定性分析——原理.方法.程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2005.[CHEN Zuyu,WANG Xiaogang,YANG Jian,et al.Rock slope stability analysis—theory,methods and programs[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2005.[in Chinese]]
[4]薛强,梁冰,马士进.边坡失稳系统的固流耦合模型[J].山东科技大学学报,2001,20[2]:87–89.[XUE Qiang,LIANG Bing,MA Shijin.Solid-fluid coupling model of the system of slope failure[J].Journal of Shandong University of Science and Technology,2001,20[2]:87–89.[in Chinese]]
[5]SARMA S K.Stability analysis of embankments and slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1979,105[12]:1511–1524.
[6]梁冰,薛强,王起新.边坡失稳系统的岩体与水固流耦合作用机制研究[J].中国地质灾害与防治学报,2001,12[1]:18–21.[LIANG Bing,XUE Qiang,WANG Qixin.Mechanism research on rock and water soil-fluid coupling effect of slope stability failure system[J].The Chinese Journal of Geological Hazard and Control,2001,12[1]:18–21.[in Chinese]]
[7]孙豁然,佟彦军,李孝林,等.露天煤矿抛掷爆破振动效应的研究[J].爆破,2008,25[1]:69–73.[SUN Huoran,TONG Yanjun,LI Xiaolin,et al.Study on the vibration effect of sling blasting in an open coal mine[J].Blasting,2008,25[1]:69–73.[in Chinese]]
[8]林韵梅.试验岩石力学模拟研究[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.[LIN Yunmei.Simulation research on rock mechanics experiment[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Publishing House,1984.[in Chinese]]
[9]亨利奇J.爆炸动力学及其应用[M].熊建国译.北京:科学出版社,1987:186–190.[HENRYCH J.The dynamics of explosion and its application[M].Translated by XIONG Jianguo.Beijing:Science Press,1987:186–190.[in Chinese]]
[10]秦绍兵,秦绍红.井下中深孔爆破模型试验的相似性研究[J].工程爆破,2001,7[2]:9–12.[QIN Shaobing,QIN Shaohong.Study on the similarity of model experiment of underground medium-length-hole blasting[J].Engineering Blasting,2001,7[2]:9–12.[in Chinese]]
[11]杨振声.工程爆破的模型试验与模型律[J].工程爆破,1995,1[2]:1–10.[YANG Zhensheng.Modeling experiment of engineering blasting and model theory[J].Engineering Blasting,1995,1[2]:1–10.[in Chinese]]
[12]李海波,蒋会军,赵坚,等.动荷载作用下岩体工程安全的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22[11]:1887–1891.[LI Haibo,JIANG Huijun,ZHAO Jian,et al.Some problems about safety analysis of rock engineering under dynamic load[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22[11]:1887–1891.[in Chinese]]
[13]LI H B,ZHAO J,LI T J.Triaxial compression tests of a granite at different strain rates and confining pressures[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1999,36[8]:1057–1063.
[14]FRIEDMAN M,PERKINS R D,GREEN S J.Observation of brittle-deformation features at the maximum stress of westly granite and solenhofen limestone[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,1970,7[3]:297–306.
[15]金观昌,孟利波,陈俊达,等.数字散斑相关技术进展及应用[J].实验力学,2006,21[6]:689–702.[JIN Guanchang,MENG Libo,CHEN Junda,et al.The progress and application of digital speckle correlation method[J].Journal of Experimental Mechanics,2006,21[6]:689–702.[in Chinese]]
[16]代树红,马胜利,潘一山,等.隐伏走滑断层破裂扩展特征的试验研究[J].地震地质,2006,28[4]:635–645.[DAI Shuhong,MA Shengli,PAN Yishan,et al.Experimental study on rupture propagation along buried strike-slip fault[J].Seismology and Geology,2006,28[4]:635–645.[in Chinese]]
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