基于遗传退火混合算法的弹性地基上框架结构参数识别研究
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摘要
对传统的简单遗传算法(GA)进行了改进,融合模拟退火技术(SA)的思想,建立了遗传模拟退火算法(GASA)的串行结构。GA采用群体并行搜索,通过概率意义下基于"优胜劣汰"思想的群体遗传操作来实现优化。SA采用串行优化结构,赋予搜索过程一种时变最终趋于零的概率突跳性,避免局部极小并最终趋于全局最优,两者的结合提高了遗传算法的全局搜索能力。本文对一实验室中弹性地基上框架结构进行了逐层模态实验研究,得到了四种工况下的模态频率和振型。首先对利用GASA算法对退火参数进行了优选,SA部分中的退温参数g和扰动幅度参数η对搜索效率及全局搜索能力具有重要的影响;然后对四种工况下混凝土的弹性模量和地基的动剪模量进行了识别,并与灵敏方法识别结果进行了对比,得到了结构物理参数随着结构浇注层数的增加而上升的规律,识别得到的弹性模量比回弹法结果偏大,与结构的静模量和动模量的区别有关。以上方法及其应用对于结构的健康监控具有现实的意义。
In this paper the simple genetic algorithm is improved by syncretizing the ideology of annealing algorithm and the genetic annealing algorithm.GA adopts population parallel search,it based on the idea of 'fitness is survival' to come into optimization.SA adopts serial structure,the process is endowed with time-variety probability abrupt jumping character,the local limit is prevented and the global optimization is achieved.and the globe searching ability is developed by combining the two methods.The modal test is done on the frame structure on elastic foundation in the laboratory with increasing of the storey,four cases of modal frequencies and vibration shapes are obtained.Firstly the annealing parameter is selected by optimization,the annealing parameter g and disturbance parameterη have important influences on the searching efficieny and global searching ability.Then the four cases of concrete elastic modulus and foundation dynamic shear modulus are identified,and the result is compared with sensitivity-based method,the regulation of the physical parameter increasing with the storey is obtained,the identified elastic modulus of the comcrete is generally larger than by resilience technique and concrete cube compression testing,it may has the relation with the difference of the dynamic modulus and static modulus.The method and its application have important realistic significance to structure's health monitoring.
In this paper the simple genetic algorithm is improved by syncretizing the ideology of annealing algorithm and the genetic annealing algorithm.GA adopts population parallel search,it based on the idea of 'fitness is survival' to come into optimization.SA adopts serial structure,the process is endowed with time-variety probability abrupt jumping character,the local limit is prevented and the global optimization is achieved.and the globe searching ability is developed by combining the two methods.The modal test is done on the frame structure on elastic foundation in the laboratory with increasing of the storey,four cases of modal frequencies and vibration shapes are obtained.Firstly the annealing parameter is selected by optimization,the annealing parameter g and disturbance parameterη have important influences on the searching efficieny and global searching ability.Then the four cases of concrete elastic modulus and foundation dynamic shear modulus are identified,and the result is compared with sensitivity-based method,the regulation of the physical parameter increasing with the storey is obtained,the identified elastic modulus of the comcrete is generally larger than by resilience technique and concrete cube compression testing,it may has the relation with the difference of the dynamic modulus and static modulus.The method and its application have important realistic significance to structure's health monitoring.
引文
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[2]WONG H L,TRIFUNAC M D.A comparison ofsoil-structure interaction calculations with results offull-scale forced vibration tests[J].Soil Dynamicsand Earthquake Engineering,1988,7(1):22-31.
[3]TRIFUNAC M D,IVANOVIS S S,TODOROVS-KA M I.Apparent periods of a building.I:Fourieranalysis[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2001,127(5):517-526.
[4]HANS S,BOUTIN C,IBRAIM E.In situ experi-ments and seismic analysis of existing buildings.PartI:Experimental investigations[J].Earthquake Engi-neering and Structural Dynamics,2005,34(12):1513-1529.
[5]CHASSIAKOS A G,MASRI S F,NAYERI R D,etal.Use of vibration monitoring data to track struc-tural changes in a retrofitted building[J].StructuralControl and Health Monitoring,2005.
[6]LUCO E,BARROS F C.Identification of structuraland soil properties from vibration tests of the Hualiencontainment model[J].Earthquake Engineering andStructural Dynamics,2005,34(1):21-48.
[7]陈跃庆,吕西林,李培振.分层土-基础-高层框架结构相互作用体系振动台模型试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(3):104-112.(CHEN Yue-qing,LU Xi-lin,LI Pei-zhen.Shaking table testing forlayered soil-foundation-structure interaction system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vi-bration,2001,21(3):104-112.(in Chinese))
[8]刘增荣,黄义,尹冠生.一种新的地基参数确定方法[J].西安公路交通大学学报,2000,20(3):25-28.(LIU Zeng-rong,HUANG Yi,YIN Guan-shen.Anew conforming method for foundation parameter[J].Journal of Xi’an Highway University,2000,20(3):25-28.(in Chinese))
[9]FRISWELL M I,PENNY J E T,GARVEY S D.Acombined genetic and eigensensitivity algorithm forthe location of damage in structures[J].Computersand Structures,1998,69:547-556.
[10]易伟建,刘霞.基于遗传算法的结构损伤诊断研究[J].工程力学,2001,18(2):64-71.YI Wei-jian,LIUXia.Damage diagnosis of structures by genetic algo-rithms[J].Engineering Mechanics,2001,18(2):64-71.(in Chinese))
[11]LEVIN R I,LIEVEN N A J.Dynamic finite elementmodel updating using simulated annealing and geneticalgorithms[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Pro-cessing,1998,12(1):91-120.
[12]HAO H,XIA Y.Vibration-based damage detectionof structures by genetic algorithm[J].Journal ofComputing in Civil Engineering,2002,16(3):222-229.
[13]LU Y,TU Z G.Dynamic model updating using acombined genetic-eigensitivity algorithm and applica-tion in seismic response prediction[J].EarthquakeEngineering and Structural Dynamics,2005,34:1149-1170.
[14]康立山,谢云,尤矢勇,等.非数值并行算法-模拟退火算法[M].北京:科学出版社,1997.(KANG Li-shan,XIE Yue,YOU Shi-yong.Non NumericalParallel Algorithm-Simulated Annealing Algorithm[M].Beijing:Science Press,1997.(in Chinese))
[15]王凌.智能优化算法及其应用[M].北京:清华大学出版社,2001.(WANG Ling.Intelligent Optimiza-tion Algorithms with Applications[M].Beijing:Ts-inghua Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[16]王杰贤.动力地基与基础[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(WANG Jie-xian.Dynamic Foundation andFooting[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chi-nese))
[17]PAIS A,KAUSEL E.Approximate formulas for dy-namic stiffness of rigid foundations[J].Soil Dynamicand Earthquake Engineering,1988,7(4):213-227.
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