我国堤坝隐患探测技术及面临的问题与建议
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摘要
阐述了我国堤坝隐患探测技术的应用情况,总结了堤坝隐患探测技术在我国实际应用中探测结果不确定性的主要原因,分析了介质材料的多样性和介质特性的不确定性对探测结果的影响、被探测对象中隐患尺度和仪器分辨率的矛盾、探测结果解读的不确定性和困难性等问题.建议加强堤坝介质特性对探测结果的影响以及现场比对试验研究,多种隐患探测技术的综合应用研究,加强理论和仪器应用技术的研究和跨学科技术人员的培训.
The application situation of detective techniques for hidden troubles of dams and dikes in China is systematically expounded.Three key problems about uncertainty of detective results in practical applications are summarized and analyzed;the first is the variety of medium materials and uncertainty of its characteristics which will impact the detective results seriously;the second is the contradictions between the scale of hidden troubles in detective objectives and apparatus resolution powers;the third is the uncertainty and difficulties in interpretation of detective results.Finally,some countermeasures and recommendations are presented so as to strengthen experimental studies on the detective impact caused by different mediums,to apply various detective techniques to the same project in order to compare the results,and to train technicians with multi-subject knowledge in order to enhance their comprehensive diathesis.
The application situation of detective techniques for hidden troubles of dams and dikes in China is systematically expounded.Three key problems about uncertainty of detective results in practical applications are summarized and analyzed;the first is the variety of medium materials and uncertainty of its characteristics which will impact the detective results seriously;the second is the contradictions between the scale of hidden troubles in detective objectives and apparatus resolution powers;the third is the uncertainty and difficulties in interpretation of detective results.Finally,some countermeasures and recommendations are presented so as to strengthen experimental studies on the detective impact caused by different mediums,to apply various detective techniques to the same project in order to compare the results,and to train technicians with multi-subject knowledge in order to enhance their comprehensive diathesis.
引文
[1]冷元宝,朱文仲,何剑,等.我国堤坝隐患及渗漏探测技术现状及展望[J].水利水电科技进展,2002,22(4):59-62.(LENG Yuan-bao,ZHU Wen-zhong,HE Jian,et al.Actuality and expectation on the detective techniques of hiddentroubles and leakage in dikes and dams[J].Advances in Science and Technology of Water Resources,2002,22(4):59-62.(in Chinese))
[2]束庆鹏,冯琳.堤防隐患探测技术应用初探[J].中国水利,2000(5):51-52.(SU Qing-peng,FENG Lin.Preliminary study on hidden trouble detective technique application in dikes and dams[J].China Water Resources,2000(5):51-52.(in Chinese))
[3]李富强,王钊.堤坝隐患探测技术综述[J].人民黄河,2004,26(10):15-17.(LI Fu-qiang,WANG Zhao.Overviewson hidden trouble detective techniques[J].Yellow River,2004,26(10):15-17.(in Chinese))
[4]冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏,等.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):370-379.(LENGYuan-bao,HUANG Jian-tong,ZHANG Zheng-xia,et al.Research progress in scatheless detection of hidden troubles inembankments[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):370-379.(in Chinese))
[5]张震夏.堤坝隐患检测的方法与仪器[J].大坝与安全,2004(1):1-8.(ZHANG Zheng-xia.Methods and instruments todetect perils in embankments and dams[J].Large Dam&Safety,2004(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[6]郑灿堂,万海,董延朋,等.电法探测技术在水库大坝渗漏隐患评价中的作用[C]∥大坝安全与堤防隐患探测国际学术研讨会,西安,2005.(ZHENG Chan-tang,WAN Hai,DONG Yan-peng,et al.The function of electrical prospectingtechnique in reservoir dam appraisal[C]∥Proceedings of International Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of HiddenTroubles of Dams and Dikes.Xi′an,2005.(in Chinese))
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[10]邓居智,刘庆成,莫撼.高密度电阻率法在探测水坝隐患中的应用[J].华东地质学院学报,2001,24(4):282-285.(DENG Ju-zhi,LIU Qing-chen,MO Han.Detecting hidden defects of dams with high-density resistivity technique[J].Journal of East China Geological Institute.2001,24(4):282-285.(in Chinese))
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[16]何开胜,凌云,王国群.堤防渗漏病害的探地雷达探测研究[C]∥大坝安全与堤防隐患探测国际学术研讨会.西安,2005.(HE Kai-sheng,LINYun,WANG Guo-qun.Ground penetrating radar detection study for seepage diseases of dikes[C]∥Proceedings of International Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of Hidden Troubles of Dams and Dikes.Xi′an,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]徐兴新,吴晋,沈锦音.应用探地雷达监测水利工程隐患技术研究报告[R].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东省水利厅,2002.(XU Xing-xin,WU Jin,SHEN Jin-yin.Research report on monitoring hidden troubles of water resourceengineering by using ground penetrating radar[R].Guangzhou Geochemistry Research Institute of Chinese Academy ofSciencer,Guangdong Provincial Department of Water Resources,2002.(in Chinese))
[18]房纯纲,葛怀光,贾永梅,等.瞬变电磁法用于堤防渗漏隐患探测的技术问题[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(5):21-24.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,JIA Yong-mei,et al.Techniques of transient electro-magnetic soundingin detection of hidden defects in levees[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(5):21-24.(in Chinese))
[19]房纯纲,葛怀光,鲁英,等.瞬变电磁法探测堤防隐患及渗漏[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(4):30-32.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,LU Ying,et al.Detectino of hidden defects and leakage in levees by transient electro-magntic sounding[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(4):30-32.(in Chinese))
[20]房纯纲,葛怀光,鲁英,等.堤防渗漏隐患探测用瞬变电磁仪[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2002,26(5):38-41.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,LUying,et al.Transient electromagnetic instrument for detecting hidden leakage defectsin levees[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2002,26(5):38-41.(in Chinese))
[21]肖柏勋,李长征.瑞雷面波勘探技术研究述评[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(1):38-47.(XIAO Bo-xun,LIChang-zheng.Review of Rayleigh prospecting technology reseach[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(1):38-47.(in Chinese))
[22]任青文.表面波谱分析方法及其在工程中的应用[J].河海科技进展,1994,14(2):7-14.(REN Qing-wen.Surfacespectral analysis method and its application in engineering[J].Advances in Science and Technology of River and Sea,1994,14(2):7-14.(in Chinese))
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[25]杨成林,时福荣,李从信,等.应用瑞雷波等方法对公路质量进行无损检测[J].物探与化探,1996,20(2):104-115.(YANG Cheng-lin,SHI Fu-rong,LI Cong-xin,et al.Application of Rayleigh wave methods such as the quality of theroad non-destructive testing[J].Geophysical and Geochenical Exploration,1996,20(2):104-115.(in Chinese))
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[2]束庆鹏,冯琳.堤防隐患探测技术应用初探[J].中国水利,2000(5):51-52.(SU Qing-peng,FENG Lin.Preliminary study on hidden trouble detective technique application in dikes and dams[J].China Water Resources,2000(5):51-52.(in Chinese))
[3]李富强,王钊.堤坝隐患探测技术综述[J].人民黄河,2004,26(10):15-17.(LI Fu-qiang,WANG Zhao.Overviewson hidden trouble detective techniques[J].Yellow River,2004,26(10):15-17.(in Chinese))
[4]冷元宝,黄建通,张震夏,等.堤坝隐患探测技术研究进展[J].地球物理学进展,2003,18(3):370-379.(LENGYuan-bao,HUANG Jian-tong,ZHANG Zheng-xia,et al.Research progress in scatheless detection of hidden troubles inembankments[J].Progress in Geophysics,2003,18(3):370-379.(in Chinese))
[5]张震夏.堤坝隐患检测的方法与仪器[J].大坝与安全,2004(1):1-8.(ZHANG Zheng-xia.Methods and instruments todetect perils in embankments and dams[J].Large Dam&Safety,2004(1):1-8.(in Chinese))
[6]郑灿堂,万海,董延朋,等.电法探测技术在水库大坝渗漏隐患评价中的作用[C]∥大坝安全与堤防隐患探测国际学术研讨会,西安,2005.(ZHENG Chan-tang,WAN Hai,DONG Yan-peng,et al.The function of electrical prospectingtechnique in reservoir dam appraisal[C]∥Proceedings of International Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of HiddenTroubles of Dams and Dikes.Xi′an,2005.(in Chinese))
[7]谢向文,马爱玉,张晓予,等.堤防隐患探测和险情监测技术研究[J].大坝与安全,2004(1):24-26.(XIE Xiang-wen,MA Ai-yu,ZHANG Xiao-yu,et al.Study on peril detecting and danger monitoring technologies for dikes[J].Large Dam&Safety,2004(1):24-26.(in Chinese))
[8]谢向文,郭玉松,张晓予,等.地球物理技术在黄河下游堤防工程隐患探测中的应用与发展[C]∥大坝安全与堤防隐患探测国际学术研讨会,西安,2005.(XIE Xiang-wen,GUO Yu-song,ZHANG Xiao-yu,et al.The application research ofgeophysical technologies in embankment risk detection for dikes in lower reaches of Yellow River[C]∥Proceedings ofInternational Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of Hidden Troubles of Dams and Dikes.Xi′an,2005.(in Chinese))
[9]吕玉增,阮百尧.高密度电法工作中的几个问题研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2005,2(4):264-269.(LU Yu-zeng,RUAN Bai-yao.Discuss several problems about high density resistivity[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2005,2(4):264-269.(in Chinese))
[10]邓居智,刘庆成,莫撼.高密度电阻率法在探测水坝隐患中的应用[J].华东地质学院学报,2001,24(4):282-285.(DENG Ju-zhi,LIU Qing-chen,MO Han.Detecting hidden defects of dams with high-density resistivity technique[J].Journal of East China Geological Institute.2001,24(4):282-285.(in Chinese))
[11]郭君科,田绍义,吕绍龙.高密度电阻率法技术与应用[J].黑龙江水利科技,2005,33(1):115-117.(GUO Jun-ke,TIAN Shao-yi,LV Shao-long.Technology and application of high density resistivity method[J].Heilongjiang Science andTechnology of Water Conservancy,2005,33(1):115-117.(in Chinese))
[12]谭明,王坚,尹力峰.克孜尔水库大坝典型坝段的高密度电法检测[J].安全与环境学报,2006,6(B07):183-185.(TAN Ming,WANG Jian,YIN Li-feng.Detection of high density resistivity for typical dam section of Kezier reservoirdam[J].Journal of Safety and Environment,2006,6(B07):183-185.(in Chinese))
[13]薛桂玉,余志雄.地质雷达技术在堤坝安全监测中的应用[J].大坝与安全,2004(1):13-19.(XUE Gui-yu,YUZhi-xiong.Application of ground penetrating radar technology to embankment safety monitoring[J].Large Dam&Safety,2004(1):13-19.(in Chinese))
[14]李宜忠,严框宁.地质雷达技术在坝基探测中的应用研究[J].人民长江,2006,37(6):30-31.(LI Yi-zhong,YANKuang-ning.The application of geological radar in dam foundation detect[J].Yangtze River,2006,37(6):30-31.(inChinese))
[15]何开胜,王国群,周荣官.瓦房城水库左岸高边坡地震破坏和探地雷达探测研究[J].地质灾害与环境保护,2005,16(3):320-324.(HE Kai-sheng,WANG Guo-qun,ZHOU Rong-guan.GPR detection study of seepage disease due toearthquake at Wafangcheng reservoir[J].Journal of Geological Hazards and Environment Preservation,2005,16(3):320-324.(in Chinese))
[16]何开胜,凌云,王国群.堤防渗漏病害的探地雷达探测研究[C]∥大坝安全与堤防隐患探测国际学术研讨会.西安,2005.(HE Kai-sheng,LINYun,WANG Guo-qun.Ground penetrating radar detection study for seepage diseases of dikes[C]∥Proceedings of International Symposium on Dam Safety and Detection of Hidden Troubles of Dams and Dikes.Xi′an,2005.(in Chinese))
[17]徐兴新,吴晋,沈锦音.应用探地雷达监测水利工程隐患技术研究报告[R].中国科学院广州地球化学研究所,广东省水利厅,2002.(XU Xing-xin,WU Jin,SHEN Jin-yin.Research report on monitoring hidden troubles of water resourceengineering by using ground penetrating radar[R].Guangzhou Geochemistry Research Institute of Chinese Academy ofSciencer,Guangdong Provincial Department of Water Resources,2002.(in Chinese))
[18]房纯纲,葛怀光,贾永梅,等.瞬变电磁法用于堤防渗漏隐患探测的技术问题[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(5):21-24.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,JIA Yong-mei,et al.Techniques of transient electro-magnetic soundingin detection of hidden defects in levees[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(5):21-24.(in Chinese))
[19]房纯纲,葛怀光,鲁英,等.瞬变电磁法探测堤防隐患及渗漏[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(4):30-32.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,LU Ying,et al.Detectino of hidden defects and leakage in levees by transient electro-magntic sounding[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(4):30-32.(in Chinese))
[20]房纯纲,葛怀光,鲁英,等.堤防渗漏隐患探测用瞬变电磁仪[J].水电自动化与大坝监测,2002,26(5):38-41.(FANG Chun-gang,GE Huai-guang,LUying,et al.Transient electromagnetic instrument for detecting hidden leakage defectsin levees[J].Hydropower Automation and Dam Monitoring,2002,26(5):38-41.(in Chinese))
[21]肖柏勋,李长征.瑞雷面波勘探技术研究述评[J].工程地球物理学报,2004,1(1):38-47.(XIAO Bo-xun,LIChang-zheng.Review of Rayleigh prospecting technology reseach[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2004,1(1):38-47.(in Chinese))
[22]任青文.表面波谱分析方法及其在工程中的应用[J].河海科技进展,1994,14(2):7-14.(REN Qing-wen.Surfacespectral analysis method and its application in engineering[J].Advances in Science and Technology of River and Sea,1994,14(2):7-14.(in Chinese))
[23]赵明.瑞利波法在工程勘察中的应用[J].勘察科学技术,1996(5):54-57.(ZHAO Ming.The application ofRayleigh wave method in engineering investigation[J].Site Investigation Science and Technology,1996(5):54-57.(inChinese))
[24]黄嘉正,张学强,关小平.RSM-16H动测仪在面波法岩土体检测中应用[J].岩土力学,1995,16(2):83-89.(HUANG Jia-zheng,ZHANG Xue-qiang,GUAN Xiao-ping.RSM-16H dynamic testing instrument in rock and soil surfacewave method detection applications[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1995,16(2):83-89.(in Chinese))
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