软岩巷道破裂特征与分阶段分区域控制研究
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摘要
解决软岩巷道维护问题的关键在于准确把握该类巷道围岩内部裂隙发展演化规律和破裂特征.以某矿典型的软岩巷道为研究对象,实验研究了巷道围岩组份及微结构的特征;现场测试了巷道围岩内部破裂发展过程和规律,得到了典型软岩巷道围岩内部裂隙扩展贯通具有阶段性和非均匀性的破裂特征;根据巷道破裂发展的时间效应和区域特征,提出了分阶段、分区域控制的关键技术,包括:分阶段喷射混凝土、锚杆(索)强力支护、围岩注浆加固的过程控制和重点部位的加强支护技术.现场工程实践表明,针对软岩巷道破裂特征的分阶段控制技术可以有效控制软岩巷道的围岩变形破裂的发展,实现该类巷道的围岩稳定.
An accurate understanding of fracture and cracking in surrounding rock is the key to solving the problem of maintaining a soft-rock roadway.Experimental studies have been done within a typical soft-rock roadway in a coal mine.The components and micro-structural features of the surrounding rock were investigated.The properties of the rocks around the roadway and the process of fracture expansion were tested on site.The results show that crack propagation and run-through are non-uniform and occur in several stages.Key technologies for supporting the roadway by stages in different regions were put forward after considering time effects,local breakdown characteristics and fracture development.Staged concrete spraying,intensive support from anchor bolting(cabling) and control of the grouting process in the surrounding rock are the main parts of strengthened support technology.Practice shows that rock cracking in soft rock surrounding a roadway can be effectively controlled by this support technology.Stability of the rock surrounding the roadway can be achieved.
An accurate understanding of fracture and cracking in surrounding rock is the key to solving the problem of maintaining a soft-rock roadway.Experimental studies have been done within a typical soft-rock roadway in a coal mine.The components and micro-structural features of the surrounding rock were investigated.The properties of the rocks around the roadway and the process of fracture expansion were tested on site.The results show that crack propagation and run-through are non-uniform and occur in several stages.Key technologies for supporting the roadway by stages in different regions were put forward after considering time effects,local breakdown characteristics and fracture development.Staged concrete spraying,intensive support from anchor bolting(cabling) and control of the grouting process in the surrounding rock are the main parts of strengthened support technology.Practice shows that rock cracking in soft rock surrounding a roadway can be effectively controlled by this support technology.Stability of the rock surrounding the roadway can be achieved.
引文
[1]靖洪文,宋宏伟,郭志宏.软岩巷道围岩松动圈变形机理及控制技术研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,1999,28(6):560-564.JING Hong-wen,SONG Hong-wei,GUO Zhi-hong.Study on deformation mechanism of broken rock zonearound soft rock roadway and its control technique[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Tech-nology,1999,28(6):560-564.
[2]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟,等.断续节理岩体中围岩破裂区的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):62-66.LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hong-wei,et al.Model experiments on the broken zone in intermit-tently jointed surrounding rock[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):62-66.
[3]张玉祥,陆士良.破裂岩石的力学性能及在深井软岩控制中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):622-627.ZHANG Yu-xiang,LU Shi-liang.Mechanics proper-ties of broken rock and its application in the controlfor soft rock in deep mine[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):622-627.
[4]宋宏伟,贾颖绚,段艳燕.开挖中的围岩破裂性质与支护对象研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):192-196.SONG Hong-wei,JIA Ying-xuan,DUAN Yan-yan.Study on characteristics of rock broken by excavationand roof supporting object[J].Journal of China Uni-versity of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):192-196.
[5]彭苏萍,王希良,肖建华,等.软岩巷道围岩损伤破坏范围的地震探测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(1):23-26.PENG Su-ping,WANG Xi-liang,XIAO Jian-hua,etal.Principle and method of detecting fractured zonesof soft rock roadway by seismic technology[J].Jour-nal of China University of Mining&Technology,2001,30(1):23-26.
[6]来兴平,蔡美峰,伍永平.混凝土结构软岩大巷断裂过程非线性数值模拟[J].北京科技大学学报,2000,22(5):396-399.LAI Xing-ping,CAI Mei-feng,WU Yong-ping.Nonlinear numerical simulation for the concrete zoneof fracture in the process of the developing load atsoft-rock roadway[J].Journal of University of Sci-ence and Technology Beijing,2000,22(5):396-399.
[7]刘长武,陆士良.软岩的风化效应及其对巷道维护的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):70-72.LIU Chang-wu,LU Shi-liang.Soft rock weatheringand its effect on roadway maintenance[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(1):70-72.
[8]李学华,杨宏敏,刘汉喜,等.动压软岩巷道锚注加固机理与应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):159-163.LI Xue-hua,YANG Hong-min,LIU Han-xi,et al.Research on bolt-grouting reinforcement technologyin dynamic pressure and soft rock roadway[J].Jour-nal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):159-163.
[9]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁,等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):632-635.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Xiang-yu,JIA Ming-kui,etal.Theory and application of supporting in deep softroadways[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engi-neering,2008,30(5):632-635.
[10]许兴亮,张农.富水条件下软岩巷道变形特征与过程控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(3):298-302.XU Xing-liang,ZHANG Nong.Study of controlprocess deformation behavior of soft rock drift underrich water condition[J].Journal of China Universi-ty of Mining&Technology,2007,36(3):298-302.
[11]柏建彪,王襄禹,姚喆.高应力软岩巷道耦合支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(4):421-425.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Xiang-yu,YAO Zhe.Studyof coupling support in soft rock roadway under highstress[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(4):421-425.
[12]樊克恭,蒋金泉.弱结构巷道围岩变形破坏与非均称控制机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):54-59.FAN Ke-gong,JIANG Jin-quan.Deformation fail-ure and non-harmonious control mechanism of sur-rounding rocks of roadways with weak structures[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Tech-nology,2007,36(1):54-59.
[2]刘刚,赵坚,宋宏伟,等.断续节理岩体中围岩破裂区的试验研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2008,37(1):62-66.LIU Gang,ZHAO Jian,SONG Hong-wei,et al.Model experiments on the broken zone in intermit-tently jointed surrounding rock[J].Journal of ChinaUniversity of Mining&Technology,2008,37(1):62-66.
[3]张玉祥,陆士良.破裂岩石的力学性能及在深井软岩控制中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(6):622-627.ZHANG Yu-xiang,LU Shi-liang.Mechanics proper-ties of broken rock and its application in the controlfor soft rock in deep mine[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(6):622-627.
[4]宋宏伟,贾颖绚,段艳燕.开挖中的围岩破裂性质与支护对象研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2006,35(2):192-196.SONG Hong-wei,JIA Ying-xuan,DUAN Yan-yan.Study on characteristics of rock broken by excavationand roof supporting object[J].Journal of China Uni-versity of Mining&Technology,2006,35(2):192-196.
[5]彭苏萍,王希良,肖建华,等.软岩巷道围岩损伤破坏范围的地震探测研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2001,30(1):23-26.PENG Su-ping,WANG Xi-liang,XIAO Jian-hua,etal.Principle and method of detecting fractured zonesof soft rock roadway by seismic technology[J].Jour-nal of China University of Mining&Technology,2001,30(1):23-26.
[6]来兴平,蔡美峰,伍永平.混凝土结构软岩大巷断裂过程非线性数值模拟[J].北京科技大学学报,2000,22(5):396-399.LAI Xing-ping,CAI Mei-feng,WU Yong-ping.Nonlinear numerical simulation for the concrete zoneof fracture in the process of the developing load atsoft-rock roadway[J].Journal of University of Sci-ence and Technology Beijing,2000,22(5):396-399.
[7]刘长武,陆士良.软岩的风化效应及其对巷道维护的影响[J].中国矿业大学学报,2000,29(1):70-72.LIU Chang-wu,LU Shi-liang.Soft rock weatheringand its effect on roadway maintenance[J].Journal ofChina University of Mining&Technology,2000,29(1):70-72.
[8]李学华,杨宏敏,刘汉喜,等.动压软岩巷道锚注加固机理与应用研究[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(2):159-163.LI Xue-hua,YANG Hong-min,LIU Han-xi,et al.Research on bolt-grouting reinforcement technologyin dynamic pressure and soft rock roadway[J].Jour-nal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(2):159-163.
[9]柏建彪,王襄禹,贾明魁,等.深部软岩巷道支护原理及应用[J].岩土工程学报,2008,30(5):632-635.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Xiang-yu,JIA Ming-kui,etal.Theory and application of supporting in deep softroadways[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engi-neering,2008,30(5):632-635.
[10]许兴亮,张农.富水条件下软岩巷道变形特征与过程控制研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(3):298-302.XU Xing-liang,ZHANG Nong.Study of controlprocess deformation behavior of soft rock drift underrich water condition[J].Journal of China Universi-ty of Mining&Technology,2007,36(3):298-302.
[11]柏建彪,王襄禹,姚喆.高应力软岩巷道耦合支护研究[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(4):421-425.BAI Jian-biao,WANG Xiang-yu,YAO Zhe.Studyof coupling support in soft rock roadway under highstress[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Technology,2007,36(4):421-425.
[12]樊克恭,蒋金泉.弱结构巷道围岩变形破坏与非均称控制机理[J].中国矿业大学学报,2007,36(1):54-59.FAN Ke-gong,JIANG Jin-quan.Deformation fail-ure and non-harmonious control mechanism of sur-rounding rocks of roadways with weak structures[J].Journal of China University of Mining&Tech-nology,2007,36(1):54-59.
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