土的结构研究现状与展望
|
摘要
文章回顾了近年来各类土的结构的研究现状和成果。细粒土,特别是粘性土的微观结构最早得到重视和研究,并且实现了从定性研究到定量研究的飞跃。自然界广泛分布的碎石土,其物质组成和结构非常复杂,从"土石混合体"概念提出后,其结构性及工程特性的研究近几年开始成为一个新的热点。钙质结核土具有独特的物质组成和结构特性,应属于区域性特殊土,其工程地质学基础研究基本上还是一片空白。根据目前各类土的结构研究现状及学科发展趋势,文章提出了3个需要重点研究的内容:土的结构数字图像的获取、结构综合性定量化指标的建立及结构性本构模型的建立。
This paper reviews the present situation and achievements of the research on the structures of various soils in recent years.The microstructure of fine soil,especially cohesive soil,attracted researcher's attention and was studied early.The advancement and development of science and technology made a breakthrough in the research on microstructure of fine soil from qualitative to quantitative research.The material composition and structure of gravel soil which is widely distributed in nature are very complex.The research on its structure and engineering characteristics has gradually become a new hot issue in the past few years after the concept "rock and soil aggregate(RSP)" was put forward.Cohesive soil with calcareous nodules is one of the regional special soil which has unique material composition and structure.The engineering geological basic research on the cohesive soil with calcareous nodules still leaves a blank.Based on the present situation of the research on the structures of various soils and the discipline development trend,the paper puts forth that the following three contents should be mainly studied: obtaining digital images of soil's structure;finding comprehensive quantitative index of soil's structure;and the foundation of soil structural constitutive models.
This paper reviews the present situation and achievements of the research on the structures of various soils in recent years.The microstructure of fine soil,especially cohesive soil,attracted researcher's attention and was studied early.The advancement and development of science and technology made a breakthrough in the research on microstructure of fine soil from qualitative to quantitative research.The material composition and structure of gravel soil which is widely distributed in nature are very complex.The research on its structure and engineering characteristics has gradually become a new hot issue in the past few years after the concept "rock and soil aggregate(RSP)" was put forward.Cohesive soil with calcareous nodules is one of the regional special soil which has unique material composition and structure.The engineering geological basic research on the cohesive soil with calcareous nodules still leaves a blank.Based on the present situation of the research on the structures of various soils and the discipline development trend,the paper puts forth that the following three contents should be mainly studied: obtaining digital images of soil's structure;finding comprehensive quantitative index of soil's structure;and the foundation of soil structural constitutive models.
引文
[1]沈珠江.土体结构性的数学模型——21世纪土力学的核心问题[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(1):95-97.
[2]胡瑞林.粘性土微结构定量模型及其工程地质特征研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:3-13.
[3]施斌.粘性土微观结构研究回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(1):39-44.
[4]沈珠江.关于土力学发展前景的设想[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):110-111.
[5]徐文杰,岳中琦,胡瑞林.基于数字图像的土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算的研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):289-313.
[6]张礼中,胡瑞林,李向全,等.土体微观结构定量分析系统及应用[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):108-112.
[7]周翠英.土体微观结构研究与土力学的发展方向——若干进展与思考[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2000,25(2):215-220.
[8]陶秀珍.室内模拟海成粘土的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1990,(1):39-47.
[9]吴义祥.工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J].中国地质科学院院报,1991,(23):143-151.
[10]蒋明镜,沈珠江.结构性粘土试样人工制备方法研究[J].水利学报,1997,28(1):56-61.
[11]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林.土的结构性参数及其与变形-强度的关系[J].水利学报,1999,30(10):1-6.
[12]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.非饱和黄土的结构性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):775-779.
[13]施斌,姜洪涛.粘性土的微观结构分析技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):864-870.
[14]Simms P H,Yanful E K.A discussion of the application ofmercury intrusion porosimetry for the investigation ofsoils,including an evaluation of its use to estimate volumechange in compacted clayey soils[J].Geotechnique,2004,54(6):421—426.
[15]Thom R,Sivakumar R,Sivakumar V,et al.Pore size distri-bution of unsaturated compacted kaolin:the initial statesand final states following saturation[J].Geotechnique,2007,57(5):469—474.
[16]Gasc-Barbier M,Tessier D.Structural modifications of ahard deep clayey rock due to hygro-mechanical solicitations[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2007,7(3):227—235
[17]施斌,姜洪涛.在外力作用下土体内部裂隙发育过程的CT研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(5):537-541.
[18]蒲毅彬,陈万业,廖全荣.陇东黄土湿陷过程的CT结构变化研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):49-54.
[19]吴紫汪,马巍,蒲毅彬,等.冻土蠕变变形特征的细观分析[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(3):1-6.
[20]李晓军,张登良.路基填土单轴受压细观结构CT监测分析[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):205-209.
[21]Li Xiaojun,Wang Zhiren,Yin Jingze.CT discrimination offabric change of unsaturated compacted loess during com-pression process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2002,21(1):107-111.
[22]Al-Raoush R I,Willson C S.Extraction of physically real-istic pore network properties from three-dimensional syn-chrotron X-ray microtomography images of unconsolidatedporous media systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,300:44-64.
[23]Elliot T,Heck R.A comparison of optical and X-ray tech-nique for void analysis in soil thin section[J].Geoderma,2007,141:60-70.
[24]Elliot T,Heck R.A comparison of 2D vs 3D thresholdingof CT imagery[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2007,87:405-412.
[25]Lin C L,Miller J D.3D characterization and analysis ofparticle shape using X-ray microtomography(XMT)[J].Powder Technology,2005,154:61-69.
[26]Taud H,Martinez-Angeles R,Parrot J F,et al.Porosityestimation method by X-ray computed tomography[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2005,47:209-217.
[27]施斌.粘性土击实过程中微结构的定量评价[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(4):57-62.
[28]Tovey N K,Krinsley D H.Mapping of the orientation offine-grained minerals in soils and sediments[J].Bulletin ofIAEG,1992,46:93-101.
[29]王清,王凤艳,肖树芳.土微结构特征的定量研究及其在工程中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(4):148-153.
[30]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉.软土固结过程中的微结构变化特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(1):147-152.
[31]Moore C A,Donaldson C F.Quantifying soil microstruc-ture using fractals[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):105-116.
[32]Vallejo L E.Fractal analysis of granular materials[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):159-163.
[33]Anandarajah A,Kuganenthira N.Some aspects of fabricanisotropy of soil[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):69-81.
[34]Papadimitriou A G,Bouckovalas G D.Modeling sand fabricevolution during cyclic loading[C]//Proceedings of theFifteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering.Lisse:Balkema,2001:235-238.
[35]Anandarajah A.On influence of fabric anisotropy on thestress-strain behaviour of clays[J].Computer andGeotechnics,2000,27(1):1-17.
[36]Latham J P,Liu Y,Munjiza A.A random method for simu-lating loose packs of angular particles using retrahedra[J].Geotechnique,2001,51(10):871-879.
[37]刘熙媛,窦远明,闫澍旺,等.基于分形理论的土体微观结构研究[J].建筑科学,2005,21(5):21-26.
[38]李兰,王兰民,王峻.黄土微观结构特征定量研究及其在工程地震中的应用[J].甘肃科学学报,2006,18(1):120-124.
[39]熊承仁,唐辉明,刘宝琛,等.利用SEM照片获取土的孔隙结构参数[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):613-617.
[40]许勇,张李超,李伍平.饱和软土微结构分形特征的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(增刊):49-52.
[41]张小平,施斌.石灰膨胀土团聚体微结构的扫描电镜分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):654-660.
[42]Borsic A,Comina C,Foti S,et al.Imaging heterogeneitieswith electrical impedance tomography:laboratory results[J].Geotechnique,2005,55(7):539—547.
[43]Comina C,Foti S,Musso G,et al.EIT oedometer:an ad-vanced cell to monitor spatial and time variability in soil[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2008,31(5):35-47.
[44]Burland J B.On the compressibility and shear strength ofnatural clays[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(3):329-378.
[45]沈珠江.软土工程特性和软土地基设计[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):100-111.
[46]龚晓南,熊传祥,项可祥,等.粘土结构性对其力学性质的影响及形成原因分析[J].水利学报,2000,31(10):43-47.
[47]Cotecchia F,Chandler R J.A general framework for themechanical behaviour of clays[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(4):431-447.
[48]吕海波,汪稔,孔令伟,等.结构性对琼州海峡软土压缩特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):467-473.
[49]房后国,肖树芳,汪士锋.天津海积软土结构强度及其对力学特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(1):73-76.
[50]张诚厚,袁文明,戴济群.软粘土的结构性及其对路基沉降的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):25-32.
[51]Callisto L,Calabresi G.Mechanical behaviour of a naturalsoft clay[J].Geotechnique,1998,48(4):495-513.
[52]洪宝宁,胡昕,周宇泉,等.三轴应力下黏性土微细结构试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(6):73-76.
[53]胡昕,洪宝宁,周宇泉,等.三轴压缩条件下黏性土微细结构随荷载变化动态调整的定量研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(6):84-89.
[54]胡昕,洪宝宁,周宇泉.三轴应力下黏性土的微结构及其演化规律[J].中国铁道科学,2007,28(3):6-11.
[55]石刚,支喜兰,马建秦,等.黄土的组分及微观结构特征与地基承载力[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(12):46-49.
[56]汤连生,廖化荣,张庆华.土的结构熵及结构性定量化探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1997-2002.
[57]陈宝,钱丽鑫,叶为民,等.高庙子膨润土的土水特征曲线[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(4):788-793.
[58]叶为民,钱丽鑫,陈宝,等.高压实高庙子膨润土的微观结构特征[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(1):31-36.
[59]谢定义,齐吉琳,张振中.考虑土结构性的本构关系[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):35-41.
[60]Qi Jilin,Xie Dingyi.Soil structure and its quantitative pa-rameter[C]//Proceedings of the Fifteenth InternationalConference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineer-ing.Lisse:Balkema,2001:239-242.
[61]肖树芳,雷华阳,房后国,等.近代海积软土结构性及弹-塑性模型研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,(4):394-399.
[62]王常明,肖树芳,夏玉斌.海积软土固结变形的结构性模型研究[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(4):363-367.
[63]Baudet B A,Stallebrass S E.Modeling the destructurationof soft natural clays[C]//Proc of the International Confer-ence on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechan-ics,2001:297-301.
[64]Liu M D,Carter J P.Modeling the destructuration of soilsduring virgin compression[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(4):479-483.
[65]Liu M D,Carter J P.Virgin compression of structured soils[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(1):43-57.
[66]Liu M D,Carter J P.A conceptual framework for modelingthe mechanical behaviour of structured soils[C]//Proc ofthe International Conference on Computer Methods andAdvances in Geomechanics,2001:347-354.
[67]徐永福,刘斯宏,董平.粒状土体的结构模型[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):366-372.
[68]Cuccovillo T,Coop M R.On the mechanics of structuredsands[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(6):741-760.
[69]Koliji A,Laloui L,Cuisinier O,et al.Suction inducedeffects on the fabric of a structured soil[J].Transport inPorous Media,2006,64:261—278
[70]胡瑞林,王思敬,李向全,等.21世纪工程地质学生长点:土体微结构力学[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(4):5-9.
[71]胡瑞林,李向全,官国琳,等.土体微结构力学——概念.观点.核心[J].地球学报,1999,20(2):150-156.
[72]油新华.土石混合体随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北京:北方交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2002.
[73]油新华,李晓,贺长俊.土石混合体实测结构模型的自动生成技术[J].岩土工程界,2003,6(8):60-62.
[74]油新华,何刚,李晓.土石混合体边坡的细观处理技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1):18-21.
[75]Lanaro F,Tolppanen P.3D characterization of coarse ag-gregate[J].Engineering Geology,2002,6:17-30.
[76]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Finite element modeling ofgeomaterials using digital image processing[J].Computersand Geotechnics,2003,30(5):375-397.
[77]Li Xiao,Liao Qiulin,He Jianming.In-situ tests and sto-chastic structural model of rock and soil aggregate in theThree Gorges Reservoir area,China[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):494.
[78]Lebourg T,Riss J,Pirard E.Influence of morphologicalcharacteristics of heterogeneous moraine formations ontheir mechanical behaviour using image and statistical a-nalysis[J].Engineering Geology,2004,73:37-50.
[79]徐文杰,胡瑞林.虎跳峡龙蟠右岸土石混合体粒度分形特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(4):496-501.
[80]徐文杰,胡瑞林,王艳萍.基于数字图像的非均质岩土材料细观结构PFC2D模型[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):358-362.
[81]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.土石混合体细观结构及力学特性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):300-311.
[82]徐文杰,王玉杰,陈祖煜,等.基于数字图像技术的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增刊):341-346.
[83]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.基于数字图像分析及大型直剪试验的土石混合体块石含量与抗剪强度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):996-1007.
[84]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦.基于数字图像处理的土石混合体细观结构[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1):51-53.
[85]孔位学,郑颖人.三峡库区饱和碎石土地基承载力研究[J].工业建筑,2005,35(4):62-64.
[86]徐文杰,胡瑞林,曾如意.水下土石混合体的原位大型水平推剪试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(7):814-818.
[87]赵川,石晋旭,唐红梅.三峡库区土石比对土体强度参数影响规律的试验研究[J].公路,2006,(11):32—35.
[88]石卫民,郑宏录,刘文平,等.三峡库区碎石土抗剪强度指标的试验研究[J].重庆建筑,2005,(2):30-35.
[89]徐文杰,胡瑞林.循环荷载下土石混合体力学特性野外试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):63-69.
[90]李维树,丁秀丽,邬爱清,等.蓄水对三峡库区土石混合体直剪强度参数的弱化程度研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1338-1342.
[91]李晓,廖秋林,郝建明,等.土石混合体力学特性的原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2378-2385.
[92]吴?硕,李晓,赫健明.土石混合体原位水平推剪试验[J].岩土工程技术,2007,21(4):184-189.
[93]唐晓松,邓楚键,郑颖人,等.三峡库区碎石土地基浸水试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):226-229.
[94]刘良梧,茅昂江.钙质结核放射性碳断代的研究[J].土壤学报,1986,23(2):106-112.
[95]龚晓南.21世纪岩土工程发展展望[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):931-935.
[96]曹亚娟.安徽淮北平原钙质结核土的分布及成因研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,2009.
[2]胡瑞林.粘性土微结构定量模型及其工程地质特征研究[M].北京:地质出版社,1995:3-13.
[3]施斌.粘性土微观结构研究回顾与展望[J].工程地质学报,1996,4(1):39-44.
[4]沈珠江.关于土力学发展前景的设想[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(1):110-111.
[5]徐文杰,岳中琦,胡瑞林.基于数字图像的土、岩和混凝土内部结构定量分析和力学数值计算的研究进展[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(3):289-313.
[6]张礼中,胡瑞林,李向全,等.土体微观结构定量分析系统及应用[J].地质科技情报,2008,27(1):108-112.
[7]周翠英.土体微观结构研究与土力学的发展方向——若干进展与思考[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2000,25(2):215-220.
[8]陶秀珍.室内模拟海成粘土的研究[J].水利水运科学研究,1990,(1):39-47.
[9]吴义祥.工程粘性土微观结构的定量评价[J].中国地质科学院院报,1991,(23):143-151.
[10]蒋明镜,沈珠江.结构性粘土试样人工制备方法研究[J].水利学报,1997,28(1):56-61.
[11]谢定义,齐吉琳,朱元林.土的结构性参数及其与变形-强度的关系[J].水利学报,1999,30(10):1-6.
[12]胡再强,沈珠江,谢定义.非饱和黄土的结构性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):775-779.
[13]施斌,姜洪涛.粘性土的微观结构分析技术研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):864-870.
[14]Simms P H,Yanful E K.A discussion of the application ofmercury intrusion porosimetry for the investigation ofsoils,including an evaluation of its use to estimate volumechange in compacted clayey soils[J].Geotechnique,2004,54(6):421—426.
[15]Thom R,Sivakumar R,Sivakumar V,et al.Pore size distri-bution of unsaturated compacted kaolin:the initial statesand final states following saturation[J].Geotechnique,2007,57(5):469—474.
[16]Gasc-Barbier M,Tessier D.Structural modifications of ahard deep clayey rock due to hygro-mechanical solicitations[J].International Journal of Geomechanics,2007,7(3):227—235
[17]施斌,姜洪涛.在外力作用下土体内部裂隙发育过程的CT研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(5):537-541.
[18]蒲毅彬,陈万业,廖全荣.陇东黄土湿陷过程的CT结构变化研究[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(1):49-54.
[19]吴紫汪,马巍,蒲毅彬,等.冻土蠕变变形特征的细观分析[J].岩土工程学报,1997,19(3):1-6.
[20]李晓军,张登良.路基填土单轴受压细观结构CT监测分析[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):205-209.
[21]Li Xiaojun,Wang Zhiren,Yin Jingze.CT discrimination offabric change of unsaturated compacted loess during com-pression process[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanicsand Engineering,2002,21(1):107-111.
[22]Al-Raoush R I,Willson C S.Extraction of physically real-istic pore network properties from three-dimensional syn-chrotron X-ray microtomography images of unconsolidatedporous media systems[J].Journal of Hydrology,2005,300:44-64.
[23]Elliot T,Heck R.A comparison of optical and X-ray tech-nique for void analysis in soil thin section[J].Geoderma,2007,141:60-70.
[24]Elliot T,Heck R.A comparison of 2D vs 3D thresholdingof CT imagery[J].Canadian Journal of Soil Science,2007,87:405-412.
[25]Lin C L,Miller J D.3D characterization and analysis ofparticle shape using X-ray microtomography(XMT)[J].Powder Technology,2005,154:61-69.
[26]Taud H,Martinez-Angeles R,Parrot J F,et al.Porosityestimation method by X-ray computed tomography[J].Journal of Petroleum Science&Engineering,2005,47:209-217.
[27]施斌.粘性土击实过程中微结构的定量评价[J].岩土工程学报,1996,18(4):57-62.
[28]Tovey N K,Krinsley D H.Mapping of the orientation offine-grained minerals in soils and sediments[J].Bulletin ofIAEG,1992,46:93-101.
[29]王清,王凤艳,肖树芳.土微结构特征的定量研究及其在工程中的应用[J].成都理工学院学报,2001,28(4):148-153.
[30]李向全,胡瑞林,张莉.软土固结过程中的微结构变化特征[J].地学前缘,2000,7(1):147-152.
[31]Moore C A,Donaldson C F.Quantifying soil microstruc-ture using fractals[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):105-116.
[32]Vallejo L E.Fractal analysis of granular materials[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):159-163.
[33]Anandarajah A,Kuganenthira N.Some aspects of fabricanisotropy of soil[J].Geotechnique,1995,45(1):69-81.
[34]Papadimitriou A G,Bouckovalas G D.Modeling sand fabricevolution during cyclic loading[C]//Proceedings of theFifteenth International Conference on Soil Mechanics andGeotechnical Engineering.Lisse:Balkema,2001:235-238.
[35]Anandarajah A.On influence of fabric anisotropy on thestress-strain behaviour of clays[J].Computer andGeotechnics,2000,27(1):1-17.
[36]Latham J P,Liu Y,Munjiza A.A random method for simu-lating loose packs of angular particles using retrahedra[J].Geotechnique,2001,51(10):871-879.
[37]刘熙媛,窦远明,闫澍旺,等.基于分形理论的土体微观结构研究[J].建筑科学,2005,21(5):21-26.
[38]李兰,王兰民,王峻.黄土微观结构特征定量研究及其在工程地震中的应用[J].甘肃科学学报,2006,18(1):120-124.
[39]熊承仁,唐辉明,刘宝琛,等.利用SEM照片获取土的孔隙结构参数[J].地球科学——中国地质大学学报,2007,32(3):613-617.
[40]许勇,张李超,李伍平.饱和软土微结构分形特征的试验研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(增刊):49-52.
[41]张小平,施斌.石灰膨胀土团聚体微结构的扫描电镜分析[J].工程地质学报,2007,15(5):654-660.
[42]Borsic A,Comina C,Foti S,et al.Imaging heterogeneitieswith electrical impedance tomography:laboratory results[J].Geotechnique,2005,55(7):539—547.
[43]Comina C,Foti S,Musso G,et al.EIT oedometer:an ad-vanced cell to monitor spatial and time variability in soil[J].Geotechnical Testing Journal,2008,31(5):35-47.
[44]Burland J B.On the compressibility and shear strength ofnatural clays[J].Geotechnique,1990,40(3):329-378.
[45]沈珠江.软土工程特性和软土地基设计[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(1):100-111.
[46]龚晓南,熊传祥,项可祥,等.粘土结构性对其力学性质的影响及形成原因分析[J].水利学报,2000,31(10):43-47.
[47]Cotecchia F,Chandler R J.A general framework for themechanical behaviour of clays[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(4):431-447.
[48]吕海波,汪稔,孔令伟,等.结构性对琼州海峡软土压缩特性的影响[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):467-473.
[49]房后国,肖树芳,汪士锋.天津海积软土结构强度及其对力学特性的影响[J].吉林大学学报(地球科学版),2002,32(1):73-76.
[50]张诚厚,袁文明,戴济群.软粘土的结构性及其对路基沉降的影响[J].岩土工程学报,1995,17(5):25-32.
[51]Callisto L,Calabresi G.Mechanical behaviour of a naturalsoft clay[J].Geotechnique,1998,48(4):495-513.
[52]洪宝宁,胡昕,周宇泉,等.三轴应力下黏性土微细结构试验[J].水利水电科技进展,2006,26(6):73-76.
[53]胡昕,洪宝宁,周宇泉,等.三轴压缩条件下黏性土微细结构随荷载变化动态调整的定量研究[J].四川大学学报(工程科学版),2006,38(6):84-89.
[54]胡昕,洪宝宁,周宇泉.三轴应力下黏性土的微结构及其演化规律[J].中国铁道科学,2007,28(3):6-11.
[55]石刚,支喜兰,马建秦,等.黄土的组分及微观结构特征与地基承载力[J].公路交通科技,2005,22(12):46-49.
[56]汤连生,廖化荣,张庆华.土的结构熵及结构性定量化探讨[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(10):1997-2002.
[57]陈宝,钱丽鑫,叶为民,等.高庙子膨润土的土水特征曲线[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(4):788-793.
[58]叶为民,钱丽鑫,陈宝,等.高压实高庙子膨润土的微观结构特征[J].同济大学学报(自然科学版),2009,37(1):31-36.
[59]谢定义,齐吉琳,张振中.考虑土结构性的本构关系[J].土木工程学报,2000,33(4):35-41.
[60]Qi Jilin,Xie Dingyi.Soil structure and its quantitative pa-rameter[C]//Proceedings of the Fifteenth InternationalConference on Soil Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineer-ing.Lisse:Balkema,2001:239-242.
[61]肖树芳,雷华阳,房后国,等.近代海积软土结构性及弹-塑性模型研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,(4):394-399.
[62]王常明,肖树芳,夏玉斌.海积软土固结变形的结构性模型研究[J].长春科技大学学报,2001,31(4):363-367.
[63]Baudet B A,Stallebrass S E.Modeling the destructurationof soft natural clays[C]//Proc of the International Confer-ence on Computer Methods and Advances in Geomechan-ics,2001:297-301.
[64]Liu M D,Carter J P.Modeling the destructuration of soilsduring virgin compression[J].Geotechnique,2000,50(4):479-483.
[65]Liu M D,Carter J P.Virgin compression of structured soils[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(1):43-57.
[66]Liu M D,Carter J P.A conceptual framework for modelingthe mechanical behaviour of structured soils[C]//Proc ofthe International Conference on Computer Methods andAdvances in Geomechanics,2001:347-354.
[67]徐永福,刘斯宏,董平.粒状土体的结构模型[J].岩土力学,2001,22(4):366-372.
[68]Cuccovillo T,Coop M R.On the mechanics of structuredsands[J].Geotechnique,1999,49(6):741-760.
[69]Koliji A,Laloui L,Cuisinier O,et al.Suction inducedeffects on the fabric of a structured soil[J].Transport inPorous Media,2006,64:261—278
[70]胡瑞林,王思敬,李向全,等.21世纪工程地质学生长点:土体微结构力学[J].水文地质工程地质,1999,26(4):5-9.
[71]胡瑞林,李向全,官国琳,等.土体微结构力学——概念.观点.核心[J].地球学报,1999,20(2):150-156.
[72]油新华.土石混合体随机结构模型及其应用研究[D].北京:北方交通大学土木建筑工程学院,2002.
[73]油新华,李晓,贺长俊.土石混合体实测结构模型的自动生成技术[J].岩土工程界,2003,6(8):60-62.
[74]油新华,何刚,李晓.土石混合体边坡的细观处理技术[J].水文地质工程地质,2003,30(1):18-21.
[75]Lanaro F,Tolppanen P.3D characterization of coarse ag-gregate[J].Engineering Geology,2002,6:17-30.
[76]Yue Z Q,Chen S,Tham L G.Finite element modeling ofgeomaterials using digital image processing[J].Computersand Geotechnics,2003,30(5):375-397.
[77]Li Xiao,Liao Qiulin,He Jianming.In-situ tests and sto-chastic structural model of rock and soil aggregate in theThree Gorges Reservoir area,China[J].InternationalJournal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2004,41(3):494.
[78]Lebourg T,Riss J,Pirard E.Influence of morphologicalcharacteristics of heterogeneous moraine formations ontheir mechanical behaviour using image and statistical a-nalysis[J].Engineering Geology,2004,73:37-50.
[79]徐文杰,胡瑞林.虎跳峡龙蟠右岸土石混合体粒度分形特征研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(4):496-501.
[80]徐文杰,胡瑞林,王艳萍.基于数字图像的非均质岩土材料细观结构PFC2D模型[J].煤炭学报,2007,32(4):358-362.
[81]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.土石混合体细观结构及力学特性数值模拟研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(2):300-311.
[82]徐文杰,王玉杰,陈祖煜,等.基于数字图像技术的土石混合体边坡稳定性分析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(增刊):341-346.
[83]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦,等.基于数字图像分析及大型直剪试验的土石混合体块石含量与抗剪强度关系研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(5):996-1007.
[84]徐文杰,胡瑞林,岳中琦.基于数字图像处理的土石混合体细观结构[J].辽宁工程技术大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1):51-53.
[85]孔位学,郑颖人.三峡库区饱和碎石土地基承载力研究[J].工业建筑,2005,35(4):62-64.
[86]徐文杰,胡瑞林,曾如意.水下土石混合体的原位大型水平推剪试验研究[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(7):814-818.
[87]赵川,石晋旭,唐红梅.三峡库区土石比对土体强度参数影响规律的试验研究[J].公路,2006,(11):32—35.
[88]石卫民,郑宏录,刘文平,等.三峡库区碎石土抗剪强度指标的试验研究[J].重庆建筑,2005,(2):30-35.
[89]徐文杰,胡瑞林.循环荷载下土石混合体力学特性野外试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2008,16(1):63-69.
[90]李维树,丁秀丽,邬爱清,等.蓄水对三峡库区土石混合体直剪强度参数的弱化程度研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(7):1338-1342.
[91]李晓,廖秋林,郝建明,等.土石混合体力学特性的原位试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(12):2378-2385.
[92]吴?硕,李晓,赫健明.土石混合体原位水平推剪试验[J].岩土工程技术,2007,21(4):184-189.
[93]唐晓松,邓楚键,郑颖人,等.三峡库区碎石土地基浸水试验研究[J].地下空间与工程学报,2008,4(2):226-229.
[94]刘良梧,茅昂江.钙质结核放射性碳断代的研究[J].土壤学报,1986,23(2):106-112.
[95]龚晓南.21世纪岩土工程发展展望[J].岩土工程学报,2000,22(2):931-935.
[96]曹亚娟.安徽淮北平原钙质结核土的分布及成因研究[D].合肥:合肥工业大学资源与环境工程学院,2009.
版权所有：© 2023 中国地质图书馆 中国地质调查局地学文献中心