深基坑附近房屋出现裂缝的施工监测分析
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摘要
针对明挖隧道深基坑旁6#房屋出现明显的墙体裂缝,结合施工设计开展相应的安全监测工作,监测内容主要有房屋裂缝、房屋沉降、土体深部位移、支护桩水平位移及爆破振动等。根据对典型裂缝测点和房屋周边环境的跟踪监测成果,对裂缝成因进行分析,推断出施工动荷载是房屋裂缝出现较快扩展的主要因素,冲孔桩施工使房屋墙体力学性能弱化,爆破开挖施工造成墙体出现裂缝,连续几天爆破振速超过1.0 cm/s时产生的已有裂缝将持续扩展;而环境温差对裂缝宽度变化有一定的影响。将分析成果应用于后续施工中,对7#房屋附近区域的爆破作业提出严格的振速控制要求,使7#房屋裂缝扩展速率得到很好的控制。
Obvious wall cracks appear on the house No.6 near the deep pit foundation of open-cut tunnel.With the characteristics of the cracks and construction design,safety monitoring in the area is conducted,which include house cracks,house settlement,displacements of deep soil,horizontal displacements of piles,blasting vibration,etc..According to the numerical simulation and the monitoring results with rapid cracking in three stages,the causes of cracking are analysed,which exclude the factors such as uneven settlement,temperature difference,slope instability,anchor tension,etc..The results show that dynamic load is the main factor which causes the rapid expansion cracks;and the mechanical properties of the wall are weakened by punch pile construction as well as cracks induced by blasting,and the original cracks will expand continuously if the vibration velocity of the wall is greater than 1.0 cm/s in several days.It is also shown that the temperature difference of environment has effect on expansion width of crack.Based on the above results,strict control measures for vibration velocity are adopted in blasting operation near the house No.7,making the original crack in house No.7 expand much slower than those in the house No.6 before being deal with,so that the cracks in the house No.7 are well controlled during the construction period,and the safety of the house is ensured.
Obvious wall cracks appear on the house No.6 near the deep pit foundation of open-cut tunnel.With the characteristics of the cracks and construction design,safety monitoring in the area is conducted,which include house cracks,house settlement,displacements of deep soil,horizontal displacements of piles,blasting vibration,etc..According to the numerical simulation and the monitoring results with rapid cracking in three stages,the causes of cracking are analysed,which exclude the factors such as uneven settlement,temperature difference,slope instability,anchor tension,etc..The results show that dynamic load is the main factor which causes the rapid expansion cracks;and the mechanical properties of the wall are weakened by punch pile construction as well as cracks induced by blasting,and the original cracks will expand continuously if the vibration velocity of the wall is greater than 1.0 cm/s in several days.It is also shown that the temperature difference of environment has effect on expansion width of crack.Based on the above results,strict control measures for vibration velocity are adopted in blasting operation near the house No.7,making the original crack in house No.7 expand much slower than those in the house No.6 before being deal with,so that the cracks in the house No.7 are well controlled during the construction period,and the safety of the house is ensured.
引文
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[15]娄建武,龙源,徐全军,等.普通民房在爆破地震波作用下的振动破坏分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,2(2):21–25.(LOU Jianwu,LONG Yuan,XU Quanjun,et al.Analysis of damage to low-rise houses under blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,2(2):21–25.(in Chinese))
[16]黄永祥,黄浩雄,李雄,等.建筑物下爆破地震效应的研究——“爆破安全规程”的应用与修正[J].地震研究,2002,25(3):287–294.(HUANG Yongxiang,HUANG Haoxiong,LI Xiong,et al.Study on explosion vibration effect under buildings—application and revision of“Rules of explosion safety”[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2002,25(3):287–294.(in Chinese))
[17]李永梅,孙国富.砌体房屋的爆破地震破坏机制和模型[J].北京工业大学学报,2001,27(1):61–63.(LI Yongmei,SUN Guofu.Blasting earthquake damage mechanisms and mechanic models of masonry[J].Journal of Beijing Polytechnic University,2001,27(1):61–63.(in Chinese))
[2]马克俭.砌体结构中气温变化及干缩变形引起的墙体裂缝分析[J].淮南工业学院学报(自然科学版),1999,19(1):13–16.(MA Kejian.Analysis of masonry structures cracks caused by the variance of temperature and shrinkage[J].Journal of Huainan Institute of Technology(Natural Science),1999,19(1):13–16.(in Chinese))
[3]童光兵.砌体结构裂缝成因及预防措施[J].四川建筑,2005,25(6):111–113.(TONG Guangbing.Crack cause and prevention measures of masonry structures[J].Sichuan Architecture,2005,25(6):111–113.(in Chinese))
[4]魏晓林,郑炳旭.爆破震动对邻近建筑物的危害[J].工程爆破,2000,6(3):81–88.(WEI Xiaolin,ZHENG Bingxu.Destructive effect of blasting vibration on nearby structures[J].Engineering Blasting,2000,6(3):81–88.(in Chinese))
[5]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JGJ125–99危险房屋鉴定标准[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2000:10–12.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.JGJ125–99 Standard of dangerous building appraisal[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2000:10–12.(in Chinese))
[6]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.GJ120–99建筑基坑支护技术规程[S].北京:冶金工业出版社,1999:4–10.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.JGJ120–99 Technical specification for retaining and protection of building foundation excavation[S].Beijing:China Metallurgical Industry Press,1999:4–10.(in Chinese))
[7]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.JGJ/T8–97建筑变形测量规程[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1998:3–7.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.JGJ/T8–97 Specifications for building deformation measurements[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1998:3–7.(in Chinese))
[8]二滩水电开发有限责任公司.岩土工程安全监测手册[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999:98–111.(Ertan Hydropower Development Co.,Ltd..Manual of security monitoring in rock and soil engineering[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999:98–111.(in Chinese))
[9]胡钧,沈季文.打桩对环境振动影响的评价与分析[J].大坝观测与土工测试,2001,25(3):34–37.(HU Jun,SHEN Jiwen.Monitoring and analysis of vibration damage by piling[J].Dam Observation and Geotechnical Tests,2001,25(3):34–37.(in Chinese))
[10]许锡昌,徐海滨,陈善雄.桩基施工振动对环境影响的研究与对策[J].岩土力学,2003,24(6):957–960.(XU Xichang,XU Haibin,CHEN Shanxiong.Research on influence of vibration caused by pile construction on environment and countermeasures[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(6):957–960.(in Chinese))
[11]余小晖.桩基施工对周边建筑振动影响的可接受标准及对策探讨[J].福建建设科技,2006(,4):26–27,30.(YU Xiaohui.Discussion on acceptable criterion and countermeasure for influence of vibration caused by pile construction[J].Fujian Construction Science and Technology,2006,(4):26–27,30.(in Chinese))
[12]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722–2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004:42–43.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB6722–2003 Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2004:42–43.(in Chinese))
[13]杨军,孙振.爆破振动对周围环境的影响[J].四川建筑,2004,24(3):103–104,108.(YANG Jun,SUN Zhen.Influence of blasting vibration on environment[J].Sichuan Architecture,2004,24(3):103–104,108.(in Chinese))
[14]田运生,田会礼,于亚伦,等.爆破地震波作用下民房破坏分析和破坏特征[J].爆破,2005,22(1):96–98.(TIAN Yunsheng,TIAN Huili,YU Yalun,et al.Damage characteristics and damage analysis of residential house caused by blasting vibration wave[J].Blasting,2005,22(1):96–98.(in Chinese))
[15]娄建武,龙源,徐全军,等.普通民房在爆破地震波作用下的振动破坏分析[J].解放军理工大学学报(自然科学版),2001,2(2):21–25.(LOU Jianwu,LONG Yuan,XU Quanjun,et al.Analysis of damage to low-rise houses under blasting seismic wave[J].Journal of PLA University of Science and Technology(Natural Science),2001,2(2):21–25.(in Chinese))
[16]黄永祥,黄浩雄,李雄,等.建筑物下爆破地震效应的研究——“爆破安全规程”的应用与修正[J].地震研究,2002,25(3):287–294.(HUANG Yongxiang,HUANG Haoxiong,LI Xiong,et al.Study on explosion vibration effect under buildings—application and revision of“Rules of explosion safety”[J].Journal of Seismological Research,2002,25(3):287–294.(in Chinese))
[17]李永梅,孙国富.砌体房屋的爆破地震破坏机制和模型[J].北京工业大学学报,2001,27(1):61–63.(LI Yongmei,SUN Guofu.Blasting earthquake damage mechanisms and mechanic models of masonry[J].Journal of Beijing Polytechnic University,2001,27(1):61–63.(in Chinese))
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