单轴压缩下花岗岩电荷变化的实验研究
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摘要
利用自主研制的电荷感应仪对花岗岩样品在单轴压缩变形破裂过程中产生的电荷感应信号进行了实验研究。结果表明,在岩石变形破裂达到峰值强度时比在峰值强度前有更强的电荷感应信号产生,电荷感应信号也受岩石应力的变化速率影响,在应力变化速率大时,有较强的电荷感应信号。在有变形破裂时,电荷感应信号就较强,变形破裂较小的面所对应的测点的电荷感应信号就较小,这表明电荷的产生和岩石的破裂有很大的关系。产生的电荷随着时间衰减。如果应力变化速率大,岩石变形破裂时产生的电荷在短时间内衰减很小,同时又有大量的自由电荷产生,所以在岩石变形破裂时,应力变化速率大时,有较强的电荷感应信号。
With the self-designed charge induction instrument,the charge induction signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process is experimently studied under uniaxial compression.The result show:the charge induction signal of the rock in the peak strength is stronger than that before the peak strength.The charge induction signal is influenced by the stress rate of the rock.The charge induction signal is stronger when the stress rate of the rock is bigger.The charge induction signal is stronger during rock cracking.But the charge induction signal is lower in the surface of small deformation and crack of the specimen.Our result suggests that the charge production is in relation to the rock fracture.The charge relaxes over time.The greater the stress change-rate,the stronger the charge induction signal under the rock deformation and fracture.
With the self-designed charge induction instrument,the charge induction signal of the granite samples in deformation and fracture process is experimently studied under uniaxial compression.The result show:the charge induction signal of the rock in the peak strength is stronger than that before the peak strength.The charge induction signal is influenced by the stress rate of the rock.The charge induction signal is stronger when the stress rate of the rock is bigger.The charge induction signal is stronger during rock cracking.But the charge induction signal is lower in the surface of small deformation and crack of the specimen.Our result suggests that the charge production is in relation to the rock fracture.The charge relaxes over time.The greater the stress change-rate,the stronger the charge induction signal under the rock deformation and fracture.
引文
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[13]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594-601.
[14]Nitson U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks[J].Geophysics Research letters,1977(4):333-336.
[15]Warwick J W,Stoker C and Meyer T R.Radio emission associated with rock fracture:possible application to the Great Chilean Earthquake of May22,1960[J].J.Geaphys.Res.,1992,87(B4):3851-3859.
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[17]Russell R D.Electromagnetic responses from seismically excited targets,A:piezo-electric phenomena at Humboldt,Australia[J].Exploration Geophysics,1992(23):281-286.
[18]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.
[19]何学秋,王恩元.煤岩流变电磁动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[20]Slifkin L.Seismic electric signals from displacement of charged dislocations[J].Tectonophysics,1993(224):149-152.
[21]郝锦绮,刘力强.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475-482.
[2]ВоларовичМПиПархоменкоЭИ.Пьезоэлектрическииэффектгорныхпород[J].ДАНСССР,1954,99(2):239.
[3]ВоларовичМПиПархоменкоЭИ.Пьезоэлект-рическииэффектгорныхпород[J].Изв.АнСССР,сер.геофиз.,1995(2):215-222.
[4]ШевцовГИиМигуновНИидр.Электризацияпо-левыхштаповпридефформациииразрушении[J].ДАНСССР,1975,225(2):313-315.
[5]P.Ⅲ.基利凯耶夫.力载荷下的岩石电场[C]//苏联地震预报研究文集.北京:地震出版社,1993:31-34.
[6]V.S.Kuksenko,Kh.F.Makhmudov.Mechanically-induced electrical effects in natural dielectrics[J].Tech.Phys.1997,23(2):126-127.
[7]V.S.Kuksenko,Kh.F.Makhmudov,A.V.Ponomarev.Relaxation of electric fields induced by mechanical loading in natural dielectrics[J].Phys.Solid State,1997,39(7):1065-1066.
[8]郭自强,周大庄,施行觉,等.岩石破裂中的电子发射[J].地球物理学报,1988,31(5):566-571.
[9]郭自强,刘斌.岩石破裂电磁辐射的频率特性[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(2):221-226.
[10]孙正江,王丽华,高宏.岩石标本破裂时的电磁辐射和光发射[J].地球物理学报,1986,29(5):491-495.
[11]王丽华,孙正江,陈化然.岩石样品破裂时带电现象的研究[C]//八十年代中国地球物理学进展-纪念傅承义教授八十寿辰.北京:学术期刊出版社,1989:204-209.
[12]吴小平,施行觉,郭自强.花岗岩石压缩带电的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,1990,33(2):208-211.
[13]朱元清,罗祥麟,郭自强,等.岩石破裂时电磁辐射的机理研究[J].地球物理学报,1991,34(5):594-601.
[14]Nitson U.Electromagnetic emission accompanying fracture of quartz-bearing rocks[J].Geophysics Research letters,1977(4):333-336.
[15]Warwick J W,Stoker C and Meyer T R.Radio emission associated with rock fracture:possible application to the Great Chilean Earthquake of May22,1960[J].J.Geaphys.Res.,1992,87(B4):3851-3859.
[16]Maxwell M.Electromagnetic responses from seismically excited targets B:nonpiezo-electric phenomena.Exploration Geophysics,1992,23:201-208.
[17]Russell R D.Electromagnetic responses from seismically excited targets,A:piezo-electric phenomena at Humboldt,Australia[J].Exploration Geophysics,1992(23):281-286.
[18]王恩元,何学秋.煤岩变形破裂电磁辐射的实验研究[J].地球物理学报,2000,43(1):131-137.
[19]何学秋,王恩元.煤岩流变电磁动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.
[20]Slifkin L.Seismic electric signals from displacement of charged dislocations[J].Tectonophysics,1993(224):149-152.
[21]郝锦绮,刘力强.双轴压力下岩样自电位变化实验的新结果[J].地球物理学报,2004,47(3):475-482.
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