南海北部油气分布的遥感探测方法研究
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摘要
随着卫星和传感器技术的发展,遥感技术已广泛应用于油气资源调查与勘探,且发挥着越来越重要的作用。通过阐述油气烃类微渗漏模型,认为油气烃类微渗漏可以导致海表烃类气体、油膜异常及喜烃类生物聚集。并以南海北部边缘盆地为例,阐明了海洋油气遥感探测的3种方法:①利用红外波段反演海表温度异常。②利用合成孔径雷达检测海表油膜异常。③喜烃类生物的增加导致海表光谱异常,以及利用水色遥感技术检测海表微生物含量异常。最后,对海洋油气遥感的未来发展趋势进行了展望。
Along with the development of satellites and sensors technology,remote sensing technology has been applied to survey and detection of gas and oil resource,acting a more and more important role.This article introduces the hydrocarbon microseepage model of gas and oil reservoirs,figuring out that hydrocarbon seeped from reservoirs can lead to abnormity of hydrocarbon concentration,oil slicks and microorganism which lives for hydrocarbon.Taking north part of South China Sea as example,we introduce three remote sensing methods of oil and gas offshore:① Calculating SST by infrared band.② Detecting oil slicks by SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar).③ Detecting concentration of microorganism on sea surface by ocean color remote sensing,due to abnormity of sea surface spectrum led by increasing of microorganism which lives for hydrocarbon.Finally,this article brings forward some prospects for the remote sensing development of gas and oil offshore.
Along with the development of satellites and sensors technology,remote sensing technology has been applied to survey and detection of gas and oil resource,acting a more and more important role.This article introduces the hydrocarbon microseepage model of gas and oil reservoirs,figuring out that hydrocarbon seeped from reservoirs can lead to abnormity of hydrocarbon concentration,oil slicks and microorganism which lives for hydrocarbon.Taking north part of South China Sea as example,we introduce three remote sensing methods of oil and gas offshore:① Calculating SST by infrared band.② Detecting oil slicks by SAR(Synthetic Aperture Radar).③ Detecting concentration of microorganism on sea surface by ocean color remote sensing,due to abnormity of sea surface spectrum led by increasing of microorganism which lives for hydrocarbon.Finally,this article brings forward some prospects for the remote sensing development of gas and oil offshore.
引文
[1]Jiang Tao,Chen Zhechun.Vertical Micropercolation of Hy-drocarbon and Its Surface Anomaly[J].Geophysical&Geo-chemIcal Exploration,2003,27(2):92-96.[蒋涛,陈浙春.烃类垂向微渗漏及其地表异常显示[J].物探与化探,2003,27(2):92-96.]
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[4]Schroot B M,Klaver G T.Surface and Subsurface Experes-sions of Gas Seepage to the Seabed-examples fromthe South-ern North Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(4):499-515.
[5]Chen Zhong,Yan Wen.Discovery of Seep Carbonate Nodules as New Evidence for Gas Venting on the Northern Continen-tal Slope of South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1065-1072.[陈忠,颜文.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的新发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1065-1072.]
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[9]Philp R P,Crisp P T.Surface Geochemical Prospecting Meth-ods Used for Oil and Gas Prospecting[J].Journal of Geo-chemical Exploration,1982,17(1):1-34.
[10]Huang Fulin,Zhang Xunhua.Distribution of Methane and Its Homologues in Low-layer At mosphere over Eastern China and Seas[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(16):1767-1771.[黄福林,张训华.中国东部和海域低层大气甲烷及其同系物分布[J].科学通报,1998,43(16):1767-1771.]
[11]Salisbury J W,D′Aria D M.Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Crude Oil Slicks[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1993,45(2):225-231.
[12]Xu Ruisong.The Remote Sensing Survey of Oil and Gas Re-sources in the South China Sea[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2003,55(1):13-15.[徐瑞松.南中国海海洋油气遥感调查研究[J].国土资源遥感,2003,55(1):13-15.]
[13]Ouzounov D,Bryant N.Satellite Thermal IR Phinomena As-sociated with Some of the Major Earthquakes in1999-2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9):154-163.
[14]Ouzounov D,Liu D F.Outgoing Long Wave Radiation Varia-bility fromIR Satellite Data Prior to Major Earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):211-220.
[15]Lu Zhenquan,Qiang Zuji.A Tentative Interpretation of the Formation of High Temperature Anomaly in Satellite-based Thermal Infrared Images(STISI)of the South China Sea be-fore Earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42-46.[卢振权,强祖基.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42-46.]
[16]Qiang Zuji,Kong Lingchang.The Laborational Mechanism A-nalysis of Satellite Infrared Temperature Increasing[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.[强祖基,孔令昌.卫星热红外增温机制的试验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.]
[17]Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong.New Remote Sensing Method of Prospecting for Petroleum Zone of Enrichment——Explora-tion-serving Technique of Satellite Thermal Infrared Band[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1994,39(18):1725-1726.[强祖基,赁常恭.寻找油气富集带的遥感找矿新方法:卫星热红外探测技术[J].科学通报,1994,39(18):1725-1726.]
[18]Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong.Satellite Thermal Infrared Images Temperature Anomaly——Precursor of Impending Earth-quake[J].Sciencein China(Series D),1998,28(6):564-573.[强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像亮温异常——短临震兆[J].中国科学D,1998,28(6):564-573.]
[19]Chen Yu,Xu Ruisong.Application Progress of Remote Sens-ing Technology in Earthquake Research[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2008,23(4):1273-1281.[陈-,徐瑞松.遥感技术在地震研究中的应用进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1273-1281.]
[20]Qiang Z J,Xu X D.Thermal Infrared Anomaly Precursors of Impending Earthquakes[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1997,149:159-172.
[21]Wang Ligui,Huang Weigen.Oil Seep Detection Using SAR Image[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2007,22(5):673-676.[王立贵,黄韦艮.海底油渗SAR探测综述[J].遥感技术与应用,2007,22(5):673-676.]
[22]Xue Haojie,Chong Jinsong.Oil Spill Detection Methods in SARImages[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Applica-tion,2004,19(4):290-294.[薛浩洁,种劲松.SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(4):290-294.]
[23]Wu Chuanzhi,Zhao Kebin.Summarization of Detection Meth-ods of Hydrocarbons Leaking from Offshore Reservoirs[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,23(3),61-65.[吴传芝,赵克斌.近海油气藏渗漏烃的检测方法综述[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(3):61-65.]
[24]Scott J C.The Influence of Surface-active Contamination on the Initiation of Wind-waves[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanism,1972,56:591-606.
[25]Trivero P,Fiscella B.SAR Detection and Characterization of Sea Surface[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(3):543-548.
[26]Espedal H A.Satellite SAR Oil Spill Detection Using Wind History Information[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,20(1):49-65.
[27]Huang Xiaoxia,Li Hongga.Oil Slicks Extracted by Level Set Methodin Synthetic Aperture Radar Images[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,9(5):549-554.[黄晓霞,李红旮.SAR影像中海洋浮油膜特征分割的Level Set方法[J].遥感学报,2005,9(5):549-554.]
[28]Brekke C,Solberg A HS.Oil Spill Detection by Satellite Re-mote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,95(1):1-13.
[29]Fiscella B.Oil Spill Detection Using Marine SARImages[J].In-ternational Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(18):3561-3566.
[30]Huang Xiaoxia,Zhu Zhenhai.Detection of Sea Surface Slick Features Using SAR Image[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,3(1):48-53.[黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测[J].遥感学报,1999,3(1):48-53.]
[31]Hitzman D O.Prospecting for Petroleum Deposits[J].U.S.Pat.,1959,2:88-142.
[32]Liu liangming.An Introduction to Oceanic Remote Sensing[M].Wuhan,Wuhan University Publisher,2005.[刘良明.卫星海洋遥感导论[M].武汉,武汉大学出版社,2005.]
[33]Tang Junwu,Ma Chaofei.The Primary Results of Quantita-tive Ocean Color Retrieval in China Coastal Area with CBERS CCD Data[J].Science in China(Series E),35(S2):156-170.[唐军武,马超飞.CBERS-02卫星CCD相机资料定量化反演水体成分初探[J].中国科学E,2005,35(S1):156-170.]
[34]Wang Guifen,Cao Wenxi.Effects of Size Structure and Pig-ment Composition of Algal Population on Phytoplankton Ab-sorption Coefficientsinthe South China Sea[J].Acta Oceano-logica Sinica,2007,29(1):38-48.[王桂芬,曹文熙.南海北部藻类粒级结果及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):38-48.]
[35]Xu Ruisong,Ma Yueliang.Remote Sensing in Biogeochemis-try[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Publisher,2003.[徐瑞松,马跃良.生物地球化学遥感[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003.]
[36]Huang Xiuhua,Li Zhengwen.Temporal Effectiveness of The-rmal Infra-red Remote Sensing Appliedto Oil-gas Exploration[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(2):142-146.[黄秀华,李正文.热红外遥感找油的时效性研究[J].遥感学报,2003,7(2):142-146.]
[2]Lv Yanfang,Yu Runtao.Research on Cover Layer Microseep-age and Its Possibility[J].Natural Gas Industry,2004,24(10):14-16.[吕延防,于润涛.盖层微渗漏及其可能性研究[J].天然气工业,2004,24(10):14-16.]
[3]Zhang Weimin,Li Jiliang.A Study on Formation Mechanism of Gas-chimney and Relationship with Petroleum[J].Scientia Geologica Sineca,2000,35(4):449-455.[张为民,李继亮.气烟囱的形成机理及其与油气的关系探讨[J].地质科学,2000,35(4):449-455.]
[4]Schroot B M,Klaver G T.Surface and Subsurface Experes-sions of Gas Seepage to the Seabed-examples fromthe South-ern North Sea[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2005,22(4):499-515.
[5]Chen Zhong,Yan Wen.Discovery of Seep Carbonate Nodules as New Evidence for Gas Venting on the Northern Continen-tal Slope of South China Sea[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,2006,51(9):1065-1072.[陈忠,颜文.南海北部大陆坡冷泉碳酸盐结核的新发现:海底天然气渗漏活动的新证据[J].科学通报,2006,51(9):1065-1072.]
[6]Sassen R,Losh S L.Massive Vein-filling Gas Hydrate:Rela-tion to Ongoing Gas Migration fromthe Deep Subsurface in the Gulf of Mexico[J].Marine and Petroleum Geology,2001,18(5):551-560.
[7]Sackett W M.Use of Hydrocarbon Sniffing in Offshore Ex-ploration[J].Journal of Geochemical Exploration,1977,(7):243-254.
[8]Wu Chuanzhi,Cheng Tongjin.Advances in Offshore Geo-chemical Hydrocarbon Exploration[J].China Offshore Oil and Gas,2006,18(1):22-27.[吴传芝,程同锦.海洋油气化探研究进展[J].中国海上油气,2006,18(1):22-27.]
[9]Philp R P,Crisp P T.Surface Geochemical Prospecting Meth-ods Used for Oil and Gas Prospecting[J].Journal of Geo-chemical Exploration,1982,17(1):1-34.
[10]Huang Fulin,Zhang Xunhua.Distribution of Methane and Its Homologues in Low-layer At mosphere over Eastern China and Seas[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1998,43(16):1767-1771.[黄福林,张训华.中国东部和海域低层大气甲烷及其同系物分布[J].科学通报,1998,43(16):1767-1771.]
[11]Salisbury J W,D′Aria D M.Thermal Infrared Remote Sensing of Crude Oil Slicks[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,1993,45(2):225-231.
[12]Xu Ruisong.The Remote Sensing Survey of Oil and Gas Re-sources in the South China Sea[J].Remote Sensing for Land&Resources,2003,55(1):13-15.[徐瑞松.南中国海海洋油气遥感调查研究[J].国土资源遥感,2003,55(1):13-15.]
[13]Ouzounov D,Bryant N.Satellite Thermal IR Phinomena As-sociated with Some of the Major Earthquakes in1999-2003[J].Physics and Chemistry of the Earth,2006,31(4-9):154-163.
[14]Ouzounov D,Liu D F.Outgoing Long Wave Radiation Varia-bility fromIR Satellite Data Prior to Major Earthquakes[J].Tectonophysics,2007,431(1-4):211-220.
[15]Lu Zhenquan,Qiang Zuji.A Tentative Interpretation of the Formation of High Temperature Anomaly in Satellite-based Thermal Infrared Images(STISI)of the South China Sea be-fore Earthquake[J].Acta Geoscientia Sinica,2002,23(1):42-46.[卢振权,强祖基.南海临震前卫星热红外增温异常原因初探[J].地球学报,2002,23(1):42-46.]
[16]Qiang Zuji,Kong Lingchang.The Laborational Mechanism A-nalysis of Satellite Infrared Temperature Increasing[J].Acta Seismologica Sinica,1997,19(2):197-201.[强祖基,孔令昌.卫星热红外增温机制的试验研究[J].地震学报,1997,19(2):197-201.]
[17]Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong.New Remote Sensing Method of Prospecting for Petroleum Zone of Enrichment——Explora-tion-serving Technique of Satellite Thermal Infrared Band[J].Chinese Science Bulletin,1994,39(18):1725-1726.[强祖基,赁常恭.寻找油气富集带的遥感找矿新方法:卫星热红外探测技术[J].科学通报,1994,39(18):1725-1726.]
[18]Qiang Zuji,Lin Changgong.Satellite Thermal Infrared Images Temperature Anomaly——Precursor of Impending Earth-quake[J].Sciencein China(Series D),1998,28(6):564-573.[强祖基,赁常恭.卫星热红外图像亮温异常——短临震兆[J].中国科学D,1998,28(6):564-573.]
[19]Chen Yu,Xu Ruisong.Application Progress of Remote Sens-ing Technology in Earthquake Research[J].Progress in Geo-physics,2008,23(4):1273-1281.[陈-,徐瑞松.遥感技术在地震研究中的应用进展[J].地球物理学进展,2008,23(4):1273-1281.]
[20]Qiang Z J,Xu X D.Thermal Infrared Anomaly Precursors of Impending Earthquakes[J].Pure and Applied Geophysics,1997,149:159-172.
[21]Wang Ligui,Huang Weigen.Oil Seep Detection Using SAR Image[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Application,2007,22(5):673-676.[王立贵,黄韦艮.海底油渗SAR探测综述[J].遥感技术与应用,2007,22(5):673-676.]
[22]Xue Haojie,Chong Jinsong.Oil Spill Detection Methods in SARImages[J].Remote Sensing Technology and Applica-tion,2004,19(4):290-294.[薛浩洁,种劲松.SAR图像海洋表面油膜检测方法[J].遥感技术与应用,2004,19(4):290-294.]
[23]Wu Chuanzhi,Zhao Kebin.Summarization of Detection Meth-ods of Hydrocarbons Leaking from Offshore Reservoirs[J].Geological Science and Technology Information,2004,23(3),61-65.[吴传芝,赵克斌.近海油气藏渗漏烃的检测方法综述[J].地质科技情报,2004,23(3):61-65.]
[24]Scott J C.The Influence of Surface-active Contamination on the Initiation of Wind-waves[J].Journal of Fluid Mechanism,1972,56:591-606.
[25]Trivero P,Fiscella B.SAR Detection and Characterization of Sea Surface[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1998,19(3):543-548.
[26]Espedal H A.Satellite SAR Oil Spill Detection Using Wind History Information[J].International Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,20(1):49-65.
[27]Huang Xiaoxia,Li Hongga.Oil Slicks Extracted by Level Set Methodin Synthetic Aperture Radar Images[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2005,9(5):549-554.[黄晓霞,李红旮.SAR影像中海洋浮油膜特征分割的Level Set方法[J].遥感学报,2005,9(5):549-554.]
[28]Brekke C,Solberg A HS.Oil Spill Detection by Satellite Re-mote Sensing[J].Remote Sensing of Environment,2005,95(1):1-13.
[29]Fiscella B.Oil Spill Detection Using Marine SARImages[J].In-ternational Journal of Remote Sensing,2000,21(18):3561-3566.
[30]Huang Xiaoxia,Zhu Zhenhai.Detection of Sea Surface Slick Features Using SAR Image[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,1999,3(1):48-53.[黄晓霞,朱振海.海洋表面膜特征的SAR图像探测[J].遥感学报,1999,3(1):48-53.]
[31]Hitzman D O.Prospecting for Petroleum Deposits[J].U.S.Pat.,1959,2:88-142.
[32]Liu liangming.An Introduction to Oceanic Remote Sensing[M].Wuhan,Wuhan University Publisher,2005.[刘良明.卫星海洋遥感导论[M].武汉,武汉大学出版社,2005.]
[33]Tang Junwu,Ma Chaofei.The Primary Results of Quantita-tive Ocean Color Retrieval in China Coastal Area with CBERS CCD Data[J].Science in China(Series E),35(S2):156-170.[唐军武,马超飞.CBERS-02卫星CCD相机资料定量化反演水体成分初探[J].中国科学E,2005,35(S1):156-170.]
[34]Wang Guifen,Cao Wenxi.Effects of Size Structure and Pig-ment Composition of Algal Population on Phytoplankton Ab-sorption Coefficientsinthe South China Sea[J].Acta Oceano-logica Sinica,2007,29(1):38-48.[王桂芬,曹文熙.南海北部藻类粒级结果及色素成分对浮游植物吸收系数的影响[J].海洋学报,2007,29(1):38-48.]
[35]Xu Ruisong,Ma Yueliang.Remote Sensing in Biogeochemis-try[M].Guangzhou:Guangdong Science and Technology Publisher,2003.[徐瑞松,马跃良.生物地球化学遥感[M].广州:广东科技出版社,2003.]
[36]Huang Xiuhua,Li Zhengwen.Temporal Effectiveness of The-rmal Infra-red Remote Sensing Appliedto Oil-gas Exploration[J].Journal of Remote Sensing,2003,7(2):142-146.[黄秀华,李正文.热红外遥感找油的时效性研究[J].遥感学报,2003,7(2):142-146.]
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