SSI体系阻尼比实测及其分布规律研究
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摘要
阻尼比是结构动力分析的重要动力特性参数,目前规范采用的阻尼比是基于刚性地基或近似刚性地基的试验结果,未能考虑土与结构相互作用(SSI)效应。针对SSI效应问题,体系阻尼比的准确评估是其动力分析的重要前提。为了实现实际SSI体系阻尼比值较准确的识别,提出环境激励下SSI体系阻尼比测试与识别方法,并应用这一识别方法,给出西安及其周围地区82幢各类SSI体系基本等效黏滞阻尼比的实测识别结果。同时在实测阻尼比数据的基础上,初步研究实际SSI体系阻尼比的总体分布规律、影响因素和取值范围。
Damping level of a system is vital in dynamic response analysis.In civil engineering,damping ratio is commonly employed in characterizing the damping level of structure and is of great importance in aseismic design.But so far,for most conventional building aseismic designs,the influence of the soil-foundation interaction on the structures is disregarded.The damping ratio adopted in current aseismic design is based on the experiments carried out on rigid soil-foundation.Since the soil-structure interaction(SSI) effect is universal,for the dynamic responses analysis of an in-situ building,it is in accordance with the actual case to involve SSI effect.For aseismic design of structures involving SSI effect,accurate experimental evaluation of damping ratios of SSI system is a necessary prerequisite.To accurately get damping ratio of the system,many identification methods have been proposed and developed.But so far,most of them cannot achieve success in identifying accurate in-situ damping ratios of buildings,i.e.SSI systems mainly because of the fact that the responses are significantly influenced by noise.In order to accurately evaluate the damping ratio of building involving SSI effect,a combined identification method using ambient excitation technique is proposed and simply introduced.Based on this method,the damping ratios of 82 in-situ buildings located in Xi′an and their vicinal regions,which include all kind of upper structures in various materials,are investigated.The numerical range of damping ratios of the actual buildings involving SSI effect is shown as well as their distribution pattern.By means of a fitting curve,the variation tendency of damping ratios of in-situ buildings is revealed.And then,the influence factor of the damping ratios of actual buildings is preliminarily analyzed.
Damping level of a system is vital in dynamic response analysis.In civil engineering,damping ratio is commonly employed in characterizing the damping level of structure and is of great importance in aseismic design.But so far,for most conventional building aseismic designs,the influence of the soil-foundation interaction on the structures is disregarded.The damping ratio adopted in current aseismic design is based on the experiments carried out on rigid soil-foundation.Since the soil-structure interaction(SSI) effect is universal,for the dynamic responses analysis of an in-situ building,it is in accordance with the actual case to involve SSI effect.For aseismic design of structures involving SSI effect,accurate experimental evaluation of damping ratios of SSI system is a necessary prerequisite.To accurately get damping ratio of the system,many identification methods have been proposed and developed.But so far,most of them cannot achieve success in identifying accurate in-situ damping ratios of buildings,i.e.SSI systems mainly because of the fact that the responses are significantly influenced by noise.In order to accurately evaluate the damping ratio of building involving SSI effect,a combined identification method using ambient excitation technique is proposed and simply introduced.Based on this method,the damping ratios of 82 in-situ buildings located in Xi′an and their vicinal regions,which include all kind of upper structures in various materials,are investigated.The numerical range of damping ratios of the actual buildings involving SSI effect is shown as well as their distribution pattern.By means of a fitting curve,the variation tendency of damping ratios of in-situ buildings is revealed.And then,the influence factor of the damping ratios of actual buildings is preliminarily analyzed.
引文
[1]KAREEM A,GURLEY K.Damping in structures:its evaluation and treatment of uncertainty[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,59(2/3):131–157.
[2]SATAKE N,SUDA K,ARAKAWA T,et al.Damping evaluation using full-scale data of buildings in Japan[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2003,129(4):470–477.
[3]黄立华.地基基础与框架结构协同抗震的数值模拟分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(15):67–68.(HUANG Lihua.Numerical analysis of resisting earthquake of buildings under interaction of frame,foundation and soil ground[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(15):67–68.(in Chinese))
[4]贺雅敏,杨锋.地基–基础–结构共同作用抗震分析综述[J].工业建筑,2006,36(增1):633–636.(HE Yamin,YANG Feng.The state and the arts of aseismic analysis of soil-foundation-structure interaction[J].Industrial Construction,2006,36(Supp.1):633–636.(in Chinese))
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[6]张之颖,吕西林,曹文清.软基SSI体系的简化地震响应分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1 900–1 905.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,CAO Wenqing.Simplified seismic analysis method of soft soil SSI system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1 900–1 905.(in Chinese))
[7]张之颖,吕西林,楼梦麟,等.软基SSI体系动力特性研究——一阶模态化趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1 502–1 508.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,LOU Menglin,et al.Study on influence of soft soil on dynamic characteristics of upper structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 502–1 508.(in Chinese))
[8]张之颖,吕西林,陈跃庆,等.黏性土覆盖层下土中超孔隙水压力的动力试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):131–135.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,et al.Experimental study on excess pore water pressure of soils covered by clay layer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):131–135.(in Chinese))
[9]宋一中,董祥军,赵志敏.光谱分析采样数据重建原始信号[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(7):1 492–1 495.(SONG Yizhong,DONG Xiangjun,ZHAO Zhimin.Tracking the process reconstructing original signal with sampled data by spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(7):1 492–1 495.(in Chinese))
[10]JAMES G H.Extraction of modal parameter from an operating HAWT using the natural excitation technique(NExT)[C]//Proceedings of the 13th ASME Wind Energy Symposium.New York,USA:ASME,1994:227–232.
[11]MURTAGH P J,BASU B.Identification of equivalent modal damping for a wind turbine at standstill using Fourier and wavelet analysis[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers(Part K)—Journal of Multi-body Dynamics,2007,221(10):577–589.
[12]BENDAT J S,PIERSOL A G.Engineering applications of correlation and spectral analysis(2nd edition)[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1993.
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[14]REYNDERS E,DE ROECK G.Reference-based combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identification for experimental and operational model analysis[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2008,22(4):617–637.
[15]常军,张启伟,孙利民.随机子空间方法在桥塔模态参数识别中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):183–187.(CHANG Jun,ZHANG Qiwei,SUN Limin.Application of stochastic subspace identification to modal parameter identification of bridge tower[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):183–187.(in Chinese))
[16]张笑华,任伟新,禹丹江.结构模态参数识别的随机子空间法[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(增1):46–49.(ZHANG Xiaohua,REN Weixin,YU Danjiang.Structural modal parameter identification applying stochastic subspace identification[J].Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Sciences),2005,33(Supp.1):46–49.(in Chinese))
[17]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(WANG Ji,HU Xiao.Application of MATLAB to vibration signal processing[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]SAITO T,YOKOTA H.Evaluation of dynamic characteristics of high-rise buildings using system identification techniques[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,59(3):299–307.
[19]李德葆,陆秋海.实验模态分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(LI Debao,LU Qiuhai.Experimetal modal analysis and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 500011–2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 500011–2001 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[2]SATAKE N,SUDA K,ARAKAWA T,et al.Damping evaluation using full-scale data of buildings in Japan[J].Journal of Structural Engineering,2003,129(4):470–477.
[3]黄立华.地基基础与框架结构协同抗震的数值模拟分析[J].山西建筑,2007,33(15):67–68.(HUANG Lihua.Numerical analysis of resisting earthquake of buildings under interaction of frame,foundation and soil ground[J].Shanxi Architecture,2007,33(15):67–68.(in Chinese))
[4]贺雅敏,杨锋.地基–基础–结构共同作用抗震分析综述[J].工业建筑,2006,36(增1):633–636.(HE Yamin,YANG Feng.The state and the arts of aseismic analysis of soil-foundation-structure interaction[J].Industrial Construction,2006,36(Supp.1):633–636.(in Chinese))
[5]谭高铭,张之颖,吕西林.环境激励下房屋建筑的阻尼比识别[J].工业建筑,2008,38(增1):182–184.(TAN Gaoming,ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin.Study on identification of damping ratio for the building under ambient excitation[J].Industrial Construction,2008,38(Supp.1):182–184.(in Chinese))
[6]张之颖,吕西林,曹文清.软基SSI体系的简化地震响应分析方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(11):1 900–1 905.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,CAO Wenqing.Simplified seismic analysis method of soft soil SSI system[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(11):1 900–1 905.(in Chinese))
[7]张之颖,吕西林,楼梦麟,等.软基SSI体系动力特性研究——一阶模态化趋势[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(9):1 502–1 508.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,LOU Menglin,et al.Study on influence of soft soil on dynamic characteristics of upper structure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(9):1 502–1 508.(in Chinese))
[8]张之颖,吕西林,陈跃庆,等.黏性土覆盖层下土中超孔隙水压力的动力试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,22(1):131–135.(ZHANG Zhiying,LU Xilin,CHEN Yueqing,et al.Experimental study on excess pore water pressure of soils covered by clay layer[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,22(1):131–135.(in Chinese))
[9]宋一中,董祥军,赵志敏.光谱分析采样数据重建原始信号[J].光谱学与光谱分析,2008,28(7):1 492–1 495.(SONG Yizhong,DONG Xiangjun,ZHAO Zhimin.Tracking the process reconstructing original signal with sampled data by spectroscopy[J].Spectroscopy and Spectral Analysis,2008,28(7):1 492–1 495.(in Chinese))
[10]JAMES G H.Extraction of modal parameter from an operating HAWT using the natural excitation technique(NExT)[C]//Proceedings of the 13th ASME Wind Energy Symposium.New York,USA:ASME,1994:227–232.
[11]MURTAGH P J,BASU B.Identification of equivalent modal damping for a wind turbine at standstill using Fourier and wavelet analysis[J].Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers(Part K)—Journal of Multi-body Dynamics,2007,221(10):577–589.
[12]BENDAT J S,PIERSOL A G.Engineering applications of correlation and spectral analysis(2nd edition)[M].New York:John Wiley and Sons Inc.,1993.
[13]应怀樵,刘进明,沈松.半功率带宽法与INV阻尼计法求阻尼比的研究[J].噪声与振动控制,2006,(2):4–6.(YING Huaiqiao,LIU Jinming,SHEN Song.Half-power bandwidth method and INV damping ration solver study[J].Noise and Vibration Control,2006,(2):4–6.(in Chinese))
[14]REYNDERS E,DE ROECK G.Reference-based combined deterministic-stochastic subspace identification for experimental and operational model analysis[J].Mechanical Systems and Signal Processing,2008,22(4):617–637.
[15]常军,张启伟,孙利民.随机子空间方法在桥塔模态参数识别中的应用[J].地震工程与工程振动,2006,26(5):183–187.(CHANG Jun,ZHANG Qiwei,SUN Limin.Application of stochastic subspace identification to modal parameter identification of bridge tower[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2006,26(5):183–187.(in Chinese))
[16]张笑华,任伟新,禹丹江.结构模态参数识别的随机子空间法[J].福州大学学报(自然科学版),2005,33(增1):46–49.(ZHANG Xiaohua,REN Weixin,YU Danjiang.Structural modal parameter identification applying stochastic subspace identification[J].Journal of Fuzhou University(Natural Sciences),2005,33(Supp.1):46–49.(in Chinese))
[17]王济,胡晓.MATLAB在振动信号处理中的应用[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(WANG Ji,HU Xiao.Application of MATLAB to vibration signal processing[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]SAITO T,YOKOTA H.Evaluation of dynamic characteristics of high-rise buildings using system identification techniques[J].Journal of Wind Engineering and Industrial Aerodynamics,1996,59(3):299–307.
[19]李德葆,陆秋海.实验模态分析及其应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.(LI Debao,LU Qiuhai.Experimetal modal analysis and its application[M].Beijing:Science Press,2001.(in Chinese))
[20]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB 500011–2001建筑抗震设计规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2001.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB 500011–2001 Code for seismic design of buildings[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2001.(in Chinese))
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