多元层状陡立土质边坡差异性风蚀效应研究
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摘要
风蚀是影响我国干旱地区土质边坡稳定的重要因素之一,尤其对由抗风蚀能力强弱不同的土层共同组合形成的多元层状土质边坡而引起的差异性风蚀效应最为显著,而目前对于其影响因素和机制研究是非常有限的。因而选取我国干旱多风的吐鲁番交河故城台地的多元层状陡立边坡为典型实例,基于风蚀而诱发的变形破坏现象,提出多元层状土质边坡差异性风蚀效应的概念,并运用野外调查、取样、颗粒分析实验、微结构分析实验、风洞实验等手段揭示了风的类型、挟沙风的风速、土的颗粒组成、微观结构等因素为其主控因素;并进一步结合工程地质学和经典力学理论进行分析,提出了由其导致的边坡变形破坏演化机制,为防治和监测此类边坡的变形破坏提供一些有益的参考。
Wind erosion is one of the important factors of the impact of soil slope stability in arid regions.Particularly,the effect of differential wind erosion is the most obvious to the soil slopes made up with different soils that have various abilities to resist wind erosion.However,it is very limited to study its influencing factors and mechanism.Therefore,a typical example is the deformation and damage of the multivariate layered steep soil slope by wind erosion in Jiaohe ancient city mesa in Turpan which is located in the arid and windy region in China.The concept of different wind erosion effects in the multi-element layered soil slope is put forward on the basis of the deformation and damage phenomenon of wind erosion,some methods such as field survey,sampling,grain size analysis and experiment,micro-structural analysis and wind tunnel test in the laboratory are applied to reveal the main control factors of the differences in wind erosion effects for soil slope,for example,the type of wind,the sediment-carrying wind speed,soil grain composition,and micro-structure.Moreover,the further analysis based on engineering geology and theories of classical mechanics is made,the deformation and damage evolutionary mechanism of the slopes by different wind erosion effects are put formard,and some useful references for controlling and monitoring the deformation and damage of those slopes are provided.
Wind erosion is one of the important factors of the impact of soil slope stability in arid regions.Particularly,the effect of differential wind erosion is the most obvious to the soil slopes made up with different soils that have various abilities to resist wind erosion.However,it is very limited to study its influencing factors and mechanism.Therefore,a typical example is the deformation and damage of the multivariate layered steep soil slope by wind erosion in Jiaohe ancient city mesa in Turpan which is located in the arid and windy region in China.The concept of different wind erosion effects in the multi-element layered soil slope is put forward on the basis of the deformation and damage phenomenon of wind erosion,some methods such as field survey,sampling,grain size analysis and experiment,micro-structural analysis and wind tunnel test in the laboratory are applied to reveal the main control factors of the differences in wind erosion effects for soil slope,for example,the type of wind,the sediment-carrying wind speed,soil grain composition,and micro-structure.Moreover,the further analysis based on engineering geology and theories of classical mechanics is made,the deformation and damage evolutionary mechanism of the slopes by different wind erosion effects are put formard,and some useful references for controlling and monitoring the deformation and damage of those slopes are provided.
引文
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[23]谭罗荣,孔令伟.特殊岩土工程土质学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:57–60.(TAN Luo-rong,KONG Ling-wei.Soil geology of special geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:57–60.(in Chinese))
[2]徐邦栋.滑坡分析与防治[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2001.(XU Bang-dong.Analysis and control of landslide[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2001.(in Chinese))
[3]王恭先,徐峻龄,刘光代,等.滑坡学与滑坡防治技术[M].北京:中国铁道出版社,2004.(WANG Gong-xian,XU Jun-ling,LIU Guang-dai,et al.Landslidology and landslide control technique[M].Beijing:China Railway Publishing House,2004.(in Chinese))
[4]陈祖煜.土质边坡稳定分析的原理·方法·程序[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2004.(CHEN Zu-yu.Soil slope stability analysis—theory,methods,programs[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2004.(in Chinese))
[5]薄景山,徐国栋,景立平.土边坡地震反应及其动力稳定性分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2001,21(2):116–120.(BO Jing-shan,XU Guo-dong,JING Li-ping.Seismic response and dynamic stability analysis of soil slopes[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2001,21(2):116–120.(in Chinese))
[6]高小育,廖红建,丁春华.渗流对土质边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土力学,2004,25(1):69–72.(GAO Xiao-yu,LIAO Hong-jian,DING Chun-hua.Seepage effects on soil slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(1):69–72.(in Chinese))
[7]张林,林从谋.爆破震动对土质边坡动力稳定性影响研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1549–1501.(ZHANG Lin,LIN Cong-mou.Study about soil slope dynamic stability due to blasting vibration[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1549–1501.(in Chinese))
[8]魏宁,茜平一,傅旭东.降雨和蒸发对土质边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土力学,2006,27(5):778–786.(WEI Ning,QIAN Ping-yi,FU Xu-dong.Effects of rainfall infiltration and evaporation on soil slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(5):778–786.(in Chinese))
[9]曹军义,展辰辉,王改山.土质高边坡稳定因素的敏感性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(2):5350–5354.(CAO Jun-yi,ZHAN Chen-hui,WANG Gai-shan.Sensitivity analysis of high soil slope stabilizing factors[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(2):5350–5354.(in Chinese))
[10]吴正.风沙地貌与治沙工程学[M].北京:科学出版社,2003.(WU Zheng.Wind deposition landform and sand control engineering science[M].Beijing:Science Press,2003.(in Chinese))
[11]王秋香,李红军.新疆近20a风灾研究[J].中国沙漠,2003,23(5):545–548.(WANG Qiu-xiang,LI Hong-jun.Analysis on gale disasters of Xingjiang in recent40years[J].Journal of Desert Research,2003,23(5):545–548.(in Chinese))
[12]CHEPIL W S.Dynamics of wind erosion:initiation of soil movement by wind:soil structure[J].Soil Science,1952,75:473–483.
[13]刘玉璋,董光荣,李长治.影响土壤风蚀主要因素的风洞实验研究[J].中国沙漠,1992,12(4):41–49.(LIU Yu-zhang,DONG Guang-rong,LI Chang-zhi.Study on some factors influencing soil erosion by wind tunnel experiment[J].Journal of Desert Research,1992,12(4):41–49.(in Chinese))
[14]邹学勇,刘玉璋,吴丹,等.若干特殊地表风蚀的风洞实验研究[J].地理研究,1994,13(2):41–48.(ZOU Xue-yong,LIU Yu-zhang,WU Dan,et al.A study on some special ground wind erosion in the tunnel[J].Geographical Research,1994,13(2):41–48.(in Chinese))
[15]移小勇,赵哈林,张铜会,等.挟沙风对土壤风蚀的影响研究[J].水土保持学报,2005,19(3):58–61.(YI Xiao-yong,ZHAO Ha-lin,ZHANG Tong-hui,et al.Influence of wind-sand flow on soil erosion[J].Journal of Soil and Water Conservation,2005,19(3):58–61.(in Chinese))
[16]CHEPIL W S.Properties of soil which influence wind erosion[J].Soil Sci,1950～1951:69–70.
[17]董治宝,陈广庭.内蒙古后山地区土壤风蚀问题初论[J].土壤侵蚀与水土保持学报,1997,3(2):81–90.(DONG Zhi-bao,CHEN Guang-ting.A preliminary insight into the wind erosion problem in houshan area of inner[J].Jouranl of Soil Erosion and Soil and Water Conservation,1997,3(2):81–90.(in Chinese))
[18]马月存,陈源泉,隋鹏,等.土壤风蚀影响因子与防治技术[J].生态学杂志,2006,25(11):1390–1394.(MA Yue-cun,CHEN Yuan-quan,SUI Peng,et al.Research advances in affecting factors and prevention techniques of soil wind erosion[J].Chinese Journal of Ecology,2006,25(11):1390–1394.(in Chinese))
[19]刘熙媛,窦远明,闫澍旺,等.基于分形理论的土体微观结构研究[J].建筑科学,2005,21(5):21–26.(LIU Xi-yuan,DOU Yuan-ming,YAN Shu-wang,et al.Study on Mr crostructure of soil with fracta theory[J].Building Science,2005,21(5):21–26.(in Chinese))
[20]谭罗荣,张梅英,邵梧敏,等.灾害膨胀土的微观结构特征及其工程性质[J].岩土工程学报,1994,16(2):48–57.(TAN Luo-rong,ZHANG Mei-ying,SHAO Wu-min,et al.Nicrostructure characteristics and engineering properties of expansive soil[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1994,16(2):48–57.(in Chinese))
[21]高国瑞.黄土显微结构分类与湿陷性[J].中国科学(A辑),1980,12(3):1203–1208.(GAO Guo-rui.Classification of loess microstructure and its collapsibility[J].Science in China(Series A),1980,12(3):1203–1208.(in Chinese))
[22]张永双,曲永新.陕北晋西砂黄土的胶结物与胶结作用研究[J].工程地质学报,2006,13(1):18–27.(ZHANG Yong-shuang,QU Yong-xin.Cements of sand loess and their cementation in north Shannxi and west Shanxi[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,13(1):18–27.(in Chinese))
[23]谭罗荣,孔令伟.特殊岩土工程土质学[M].北京:科学出版社,2006:57–60.(TAN Luo-rong,KONG Ling-wei.Soil geology of special geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:Science Press,2006:57–60.(in Chinese))
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