原生裂隙水压致裂法三维地应力测量研究
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摘要
原生裂隙水压致裂法地应力测量,充分利用了重张试验确定裂隙法向应力精度高的特点,克服了传统水压致裂法假设多、钻孔横截面最大主应力计算误差大等缺点,并且可进行大尺度的三维地应力测量,但当所测原生裂隙距离大时,应考虑应力梯度。介绍了原生裂隙水压致裂法三维地应力测量的原理和步骤,基于大量的实测地应力分布规律的研究成果,简化出满足一般工程的线性应力梯度形式,并推导了便捷的计算过程。工程应用发现,不考虑应力梯度的原生裂隙水压致裂法三维地应力测量结果与考虑应力梯度测量结果具有一定差别,而后者的测量结果能反映测试范围内的地应力场变化。
Based on many assumptions,the test error of the maximum principal stress of borehole cross-sections by the classical hydraulic fracturing may be great.Hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures make full use of the merit that normal stress of fractures can be determined by reopening tests on fractures,thus improving the test accuracy,and it can make large scale 3D stress measurements.But if the distance among fractures is large,the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures should consider stress gradient.The theory and test procedures of hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures are introduced.Based on a large number of research findings of regularities of stress distribution,the simplified stress gradient for general engineering is acquried,and special calculating formulas are derived.From the engineering applications,it is found that the test results by the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures considering stress gradient can more clearly reflect the change of stress field,and there exists certain difference between the test results by the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures without considering stress gradient and those considering stress gradient.
Based on many assumptions,the test error of the maximum principal stress of borehole cross-sections by the classical hydraulic fracturing may be great.Hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures make full use of the merit that normal stress of fractures can be determined by reopening tests on fractures,thus improving the test accuracy,and it can make large scale 3D stress measurements.But if the distance among fractures is large,the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures should consider stress gradient.The theory and test procedures of hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures are introduced.Based on a large number of research findings of regularities of stress distribution,the simplified stress gradient for general engineering is acquried,and special calculating formulas are derived.From the engineering applications,it is found that the test results by the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures considering stress gradient can more clearly reflect the change of stress field,and there exists certain difference between the test results by the hydraulic tests on preexisting fractures without considering stress gradient and those considering stress gradient.
引文
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[2]ZOBACK M D.Injection induced earthquakes and crustal stress at 9 km depth at the KTB deep drilling site,Germany[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1997,102(B8):l8477–l8491.
[3]王建军.应用水压致裂法测量三维地应力的几个问题[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(2):229–233.(WANG Jian-jun.Several problems in application of hydraulic fracturing method to in-situ 3D stress measurement[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(2):229–233.(in Chinese))
[4]CORNET F H,VALETTE B.In situ stress determination from hydraulic injection test data[J].Journal of Geophysical Research,1984,89(12):11527–11537.
[5]刘允芳.水压致裂法三维地应力测量[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):246–256.(LIU Yun-fang.In-situ 3D stress measurements by hydraulic fracturing technique[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):246–256.(in Chinese))
[6]刘允芳.深圳抽水畜能水电站水压致裂三维地应力测量和分析[J].岩土力学,2006,27(增):1205–1210.(LIU Yun-fang.Measurement and analysis of three-dimensional geostress by hydraulic fracturing thechnique in Shenzhen Pumped Storage Power Station[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2006,27(S):1205–1210.(in Chinese))
[7]刘亚群,李海波,景锋.考虑应力梯度的原生裂隙水压致裂法地应力测量的原理及工程应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1991,10(3):1145–1149.(LIU Ya-qun,LI Hai-bo,Jing Feng.Dtermination of in-situ stress by hydraulic fracturing tests considering stress graient and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1991,10(3):1145–1149.(in Chinese))
[8]谢富仁,陈策群.地壳应力观测与研究[J].国际地震动态,1999(2):1–7.(XIE Fu-ren,CHEN Ce-qun.Observations and researches of crustal stress[J].Recent Developments in World Seismology,1999(2):1–7.(in Chinese))
[9]CORNET F H,WILEVEAU Y,BERT B,DARCY J.Complete stress determination with the HTPF tool in a mountainous region[J].Int J Rock Mech Min Sci,1997,34(3/4):057.
[10]HAIMSON B C,CORNET F H.ISRM suggested methods for rock stress estimation-Part 3:hydraulic fracturing(HF)and/or hydraulic testing of pre-existing fractures(HTPF)[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics&Mining Sciences,2003,40:1011–1020.
[11]朱焕春.不同岩石中地应力分布[J].地震学报,1999,16(1):49–63.(ZHU Huan-chun.Geostress distributions in different rocks[J].Acta Seismologic Sinica,1999,16(1):49–63.(in Chinese))
[12]景锋,盛谦,张勇慧.中国大陆浅层地壳实测地应力分布规律研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(10):2056–2062.(JING Feng,SHENG Qian,ZHANG Yong-hui.Research on distribution rules of shallow crustal geostress in China mailand[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(10):2056–2062.(in Chinese))
[13]陈策群,李方全.水利阶撑法用于原地应力测量的工作原理及其工程实践[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1998,17(3):305–310.(CHEN Ce-qun,LI Fang-quan.The principle of in-situ stress measurement by hydraulic jacking test and its application in engineering project[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1998,17(3):305–310.(in Chinese))
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