露天采矿爆破振动对砌体结构破坏效应预测的Fisher判别模型及应用
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摘要
应用Fisher判别分析理论并结合工程实际特点,从爆破振动特征参量和砌体结构自身特性这2个方面出发,选取峰值质点振动速度(PPV)、爆破振动主频率、主频率持续时间、灰缝强度、圈梁构造柱、房屋高度、屋盖形式和砖墙面积率8个影响因素作为判别因子,建立爆破振动对砌体结构破坏效应预测的Fisher判别分析模型。将该方法应用到湖北一露天采场爆破振动对砌体结构破坏效应预测问题中,利用现场实测的108组数据进行训练和检验,回判估计的误判率为0.083,通过求解判别函数,认为峰值质点振动速度为最重要的判别指标,其后依次为圈梁构造柱、屋盖形式、砖墙面积率、房屋高度、爆破振动主频率、主频率持续时间和灰缝强度,可以为同类工程在选取爆破振动对砌体结构破坏效应的判别指标方面提供参考。利用其他12组现场数据作为预测样本进行测试,预测结果与实际情况吻合较好。研究表明,该方法回判估计的误判率低,判别性能良好,是爆破振动对砌体结构破坏效应预测的一种有效新方法,可以在实际工程中进行推广应用。
Based on the Fisher discriminant theory and the actual characteristics of the project,a Fisher discriminant analysis(FDA) model to predict the destructive effect of masonry structure under blasting vibration of open-pit mine is established. Eight major factors are taken into account from the aspects of blasting vibration and structure dynamic characteristics such as peak particle velocity(PPV),dominant frequency,dominant frequency duration,mortar joints intensity,collar beam structure,height of housing,roof forms and the rate of brick walls. After training and testing 108 sets of measured data in a open-pit mine,the discriminant functions of FDA are solved,and the ratio of mistake-distinguish is 0.083. The functions show that PPV is the most important discrimination indicator,followed by the structural columns of collar beam,roof forms,the rate of brick walls,housing height,the main frequency,the main frequency of duration and intensity of mortar joints,which provides efficient and accurate reference to forecast the destructive effect of masonry structure from blasting vibration. Another 12 groups of measured data are tested as forecast samples,and the predicted results are consistent with the measured ones. The prediction accuracy of FDA model is acceptable,so it is a new approach to predict destructive effect of masonry structure under blasting vibration,which can be applied to practical engineering.
Based on the Fisher discriminant theory and the actual characteristics of the project,a Fisher discriminant analysis(FDA) model to predict the destructive effect of masonry structure under blasting vibration of open-pit mine is established. Eight major factors are taken into account from the aspects of blasting vibration and structure dynamic characteristics such as peak particle velocity(PPV),dominant frequency,dominant frequency duration,mortar joints intensity,collar beam structure,height of housing,roof forms and the rate of brick walls. After training and testing 108 sets of measured data in a open-pit mine,the discriminant functions of FDA are solved,and the ratio of mistake-distinguish is 0.083. The functions show that PPV is the most important discrimination indicator,followed by the structural columns of collar beam,roof forms,the rate of brick walls,housing height,the main frequency,the main frequency of duration and intensity of mortar joints,which provides efficient and accurate reference to forecast the destructive effect of masonry structure from blasting vibration. Another 12 groups of measured data are tested as forecast samples,and the predicted results are consistent with the measured ones. The prediction accuracy of FDA model is acceptable,so it is a new approach to predict destructive effect of masonry structure under blasting vibration,which can be applied to practical engineering.
引文
[1]李夕兵,凌同华,张义平.爆破震动信号分析理论与技术[M].北京:科学出版社,2009.[LI Xibing,LING Tonghua,ZHANG Yiping.Analysis of blast vibration signals theories and methods[M].Beijing:Science Press,2009.[in Chinese]]
[2]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24[14]:2409–2413.[LI Xibing,LING Tonghua.Response spectrum analysis of ground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24[14]:2409–2413.[in Chinese]]
[3]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦,等.基于HHT方法的硐室大爆破震动分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24[增1]:4784–4787.[ZHANG Yiping,LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Analysis of chamber blasting vibration based on HHT method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24[Supp.1]:4784–4787.[in Chinese]]
[4]史秀志.爆破振动信号时频分析与爆破振动特征参量和危害预测研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2007.[SHI Xiuzhi.Study of time and frequency analysis of blasting vibration signal and the prediction of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and damage[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.[in Chinese]]
[5]WORSEY P,GILNER S G.,DRECHSLER T,et al.Vibration control during the construction of an in-pit lime Kiln[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].New Jersey:[s.n.],1996:180–190.
[6]MOHANTY B,LUDWIG G.Optimization of development drilling and blasting in an underground mine[C]//Proceedings of the24th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique.New Jersey:[s.n.],1998:441–450.
[7]GINN H.On the development of explosive technology in Seoul metro-subway construction[C]//Proceedings of the26th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].Anaheim:[s.n.],2000:175–185.
[8]KASLIK M,BIRCH W L,COBB A.The effects of quarry blasting on the structural integrity of a disused railway tunnel[C]//Proceedings of the27th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].Orlando:[s.n.],2001:199–211.
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722–2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.[The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB6722–2003Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2004.[in Chinese]]
[10]SISKIND D E.Vibration from blasting[M].Cleveland:International Society of Explosives Engineer,2000.
[11]British Standard Committee.BS7385–2003Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings[S].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1993.
[12]WILTON T J,HILLS R L.Blasting vibration monitoring on anchored retaining walls and within boreholes[C]//Proc.Conf.Rock Eng.and Excavation in Urban Environment.Hongkong:[s.n.],1986:65–78.
[13]YU T R,VONGPAISAL S.New blast damage criteria for underground blasting[J].CIM Bulletin,1996,89[3]:139–145.
[14]凌同华,李夕兵,陈文胜.基于小波分析的爆破地震效应评估[J].振动与冲击,2007,26[2]:124–127.[LING Tonghua,LI Xibing,CHEN Wensheng.Evaluation of blast seismic effect based on wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26[2]:124–127.[in Chinese]]
[15]宫凤强,李夕兵.岩爆发生和烈度分级预测的距离判别分析方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26[5]:1012–1018.[GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.A distance discriminant analysis method for prediction of possibility and classification of rock burst and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26[5]:1012–1018.[in Chinese]]
[16]宫凤强,李夕兵.隧洞围岩稳定性评价的Bayes判别分析法及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3[6]:1138–1141.[GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.Bayes discriminant analysis method for stability evaluation of rock surrounding in tunnel and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3[6]:1138–1141.[in Chinese]]
[17]DONG L J,WANG F Y,BAI Y F.A Fisher discriminant analysis model for prediction of seismic liquefaction of sand soil[C]//2008Proceedings of the3rd International Conference on Environment and Engineering Geophysics:Near-surface Geophysics and Human Activity.Beijing:Science Press,2008:146–150.
[18]董陇军,李夕兵,白云飞.急倾斜煤层顶煤冒放性分类预测的Fisher判别模型及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34[1]:548–553.[DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,BAI Yunfei.Fisher discriminant analysis model for classifying of roof coal cavability of steep seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34[1]:548–553.[in Chinese]]
[19]邰淑彩,孙韫玉,何娟娟.应用数理统计[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005:105–132.[TAI Shucai,SUN Yunyu,HE Juanjuan.Applied mathematical statistics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2005:105–132.[in Chinese]]
[2]李夕兵,凌同华.单段与多段微差爆破地震的反应谱特征分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24[14]:2409–2413.[LI Xibing,LING Tonghua.Response spectrum analysis of ground vibration induced by single deck and multi-deck blasting[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24[14]:2409–2413.[in Chinese]]
[3]张义平,李夕兵,赵国彦,等.基于HHT方法的硐室大爆破震动分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24[增1]:4784–4787.[ZHANG Yiping,LI Xibing,ZHAO Guoyan,et al.Analysis of chamber blasting vibration based on HHT method[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24[Supp.1]:4784–4787.[in Chinese]]
[4]史秀志.爆破振动信号时频分析与爆破振动特征参量和危害预测研究[博士学位论文][D].长沙:中南大学,2007.[SHI Xiuzhi.Study of time and frequency analysis of blasting vibration signal and the prediction of blasting vibration characteristic parameters and damage[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Changsha:Central South University,2007.[in Chinese]]
[5]WORSEY P,GILNER S G.,DRECHSLER T,et al.Vibration control during the construction of an in-pit lime Kiln[C]//Proceedings of the 22nd Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].New Jersey:[s.n.],1996:180–190.
[6]MOHANTY B,LUDWIG G.Optimization of development drilling and blasting in an underground mine[C]//Proceedings of the24th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique.New Jersey:[s.n.],1998:441–450.
[7]GINN H.On the development of explosive technology in Seoul metro-subway construction[C]//Proceedings of the26th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].Anaheim:[s.n.],2000:175–185.
[8]KASLIK M,BIRCH W L,COBB A.The effects of quarry blasting on the structural integrity of a disused railway tunnel[C]//Proceedings of the27th Annual Conference on Explosives and Blasting Technique[II].Orlando:[s.n.],2001:199–211.
[9]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB6722–2003爆破安全规程[S].北京:中国标准出版社,2004.[The National Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.GB6722–2003Safety regulations for blasting[S].Beijing:Standards Press of China,2004.[in Chinese]]
[10]SISKIND D E.Vibration from blasting[M].Cleveland:International Society of Explosives Engineer,2000.
[11]British Standard Committee.BS7385–2003Evaluation and measurement for vibration in buildings[S].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1993.
[12]WILTON T J,HILLS R L.Blasting vibration monitoring on anchored retaining walls and within boreholes[C]//Proc.Conf.Rock Eng.and Excavation in Urban Environment.Hongkong:[s.n.],1986:65–78.
[13]YU T R,VONGPAISAL S.New blast damage criteria for underground blasting[J].CIM Bulletin,1996,89[3]:139–145.
[14]凌同华,李夕兵,陈文胜.基于小波分析的爆破地震效应评估[J].振动与冲击,2007,26[2]:124–127.[LING Tonghua,LI Xibing,CHEN Wensheng.Evaluation of blast seismic effect based on wavelet analysis[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2007,26[2]:124–127.[in Chinese]]
[15]宫凤强,李夕兵.岩爆发生和烈度分级预测的距离判别分析方法及应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26[5]:1012–1018.[GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.A distance discriminant analysis method for prediction of possibility and classification of rock burst and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26[5]:1012–1018.[in Chinese]]
[16]宫凤强,李夕兵.隧洞围岩稳定性评价的Bayes判别分析法及应用[J].地下空间与工程学报,2007,3[6]:1138–1141.[GONG Fengqiang,LI Xibing.Bayes discriminant analysis method for stability evaluation of rock surrounding in tunnel and its application[J].Chinese Journal of Underground Space and Engineering,2007,3[6]:1138–1141.[in Chinese]]
[17]DONG L J,WANG F Y,BAI Y F.A Fisher discriminant analysis model for prediction of seismic liquefaction of sand soil[C]//2008Proceedings of the3rd International Conference on Environment and Engineering Geophysics:Near-surface Geophysics and Human Activity.Beijing:Science Press,2008:146–150.
[18]董陇军,李夕兵,白云飞.急倾斜煤层顶煤冒放性分类预测的Fisher判别模型及应用[J].煤炭学报,2009,34[1]:548–553.[DONG Longjun,LI Xibing,BAI Yunfei.Fisher discriminant analysis model for classifying of roof coal cavability of steep seam[J].Journal of China Coal Society,2009,34[1]:548–553.[in Chinese]]
[19]邰淑彩,孙韫玉,何娟娟.应用数理统计[M].武汉:武汉大学出版社,2005:105–132.[TAI Shucai,SUN Yunyu,HE Juanjuan.Applied mathematical statistics[M].Wuhan:Wuhan University Press,2005:105–132.[in Chinese]]
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