突发事故下应急供水分析
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摘要
水是维持人类生存的必需品,它没有可供选择的替代品。因此在突发事故下应急供水是非常重要的。通过对供水受突发事故的影响分析,从应急水源、供水企业应急技术储备、区域供水应急响应系统方面说明了突发事故下需要采取的供水技术措施,给出了水源、水质、水厂和管网方面供水应急预案示意图。最后指出,在日常供水管理中需要重视供水风险的理论研究和技术应用,以提升供水系统的抗灾能力,减少损失。
Water is a requisite for people living,and it cannot be substituted by any other materials else.It is very important to supply water emergently in unexpected accidents.By analysis of the impacts of accidents,necessary emergent measures of water supply were discussed on the aspects of emergent water sources,emergent technical reserves of water supply plants and the emergent response system of regional water supply.The emergent plan diagram of water source,water quality,water supply plant and pipeline were showed in this paper.Finally,it pointed out that during the daily management,the theoretical study and technical application of the water supply risk should be emphasized to upgrade the ability of resists disaster and reduce loses.
Water is a requisite for people living,and it cannot be substituted by any other materials else.It is very important to supply water emergently in unexpected accidents.By analysis of the impacts of accidents,necessary emergent measures of water supply were discussed on the aspects of emergent water sources,emergent technical reserves of water supply plants and the emergent response system of regional water supply.The emergent plan diagram of water source,water quality,water supply plant and pipeline were showed in this paper.Finally,it pointed out that during the daily management,the theoretical study and technical application of the water supply risk should be emphasized to upgrade the ability of resists disaster and reduce loses.
引文
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[2]中国石油化工总公司抗震办公室编译.地震的教训——1989年美国洛马.普里埃塔地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.10.
[3]张永信,卢洪洲.地震与海啸地区可能出现与已经出现的疫情[EB/OL].http://www.huashaninfect.com/upload/200512076567841.pdf,2008-06-05.
[4]郑晶晶,徐迎,金丰年.“卡特里娜”飓风对防灾预案的启示[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(1):12-16.
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[6]董伟.80座水库实施隔离[N].北京青年报,2003-05-04.
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[9]给水排水动态编辑部.太湖蓝藻爆发,无锡水危机[J].给水排水动态,2007,(4):1-2.
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[18]刘卫红,李振声,白俊松.中国环境科学学会学术年会优秀论文集[A].突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量管理的研究[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.1756-1758.
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[22]张勇,王东宇,杨凯.美国饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理及借鉴[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(16):7-11.
[23]张钧.江河水源地突发事故预警体系与模型研究[D].南京:河海大学.2007.
[24]朱谦.突发性环境污染事件中的环境信息公开问题研究[J].西北政法学院学报,2007,(3):150-158.
[25]沈晓娟,徐向阳,刘翔.关于城市应急供水系统建设的思考[J].水利发展研究,2007,(3):33-36.
[26]Tuhovcak L and Rucka J.Hazard identification and risk analysisof water supply systems[Z].Lisbon:2nd IWA Leading-EdgeConference&Exhibition on Strategic Asset Management,2007.
[27]EPA:Office of Water.Large Water System Emergency ResponsePlan Outline:Guidance to Assist Community Water Systems inComplying with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Pre-paredness and Response Act of 2002[Z].US:Office of Water(4601M),2003.07.
[2]中国石油化工总公司抗震办公室编译.地震的教训——1989年美国洛马.普里埃塔地震[M].北京:地震出版社,1990.10.
[3]张永信,卢洪洲.地震与海啸地区可能出现与已经出现的疫情[EB/OL].http://www.huashaninfect.com/upload/200512076567841.pdf,2008-06-05.
[4]郑晶晶,徐迎,金丰年.“卡特里娜”飓风对防灾预案的启示[J].自然灾害学报,2007,16(1):12-16.
[5]张树才.城市防卫不可不察——对沈阳“2.22雾闪大电灾”的反思[N].国防报,2001-04-05(3).
[6]董伟.80座水库实施隔离[N].北京青年报,2003-05-04.
[7]何寿平.松花江水污染应急处置与思考——哈尔滨市停水考验城市应急机制[EB/OL].www.chinaenvironment.com/view/expert/ViewUrl.aspx?id=223.2008-06-05.
[8]陈善荣,陈明.广东省北江韶关段镉污染事件案例分析[J].环境教育,2008,(1):49-53.
[9]给水排水动态编辑部.太湖蓝藻爆发,无锡水危机[J].给水排水动态,2007,(4):1-2.
[10]陈进周.让城市的“血脉”不再脆弱——业内专家支招南方雪灾城市受损管网解决办法及预防措施[N].中国建设报,2008-03-06.
[11]吴歆.四川575万人饮水基本解决重灾区供水恢复85%[EB/OL].中国新闻网,2008-06-02.
[12]刘国东,宋国平,丁晶.高速公路交通污染事故对河流水质影响的风险评价方法探讨[J].环境科学学报,1999,(5):572-575.
[13]张勇,徐启新,杨凯,张羽.城市水源地突发性水污染事件研究评述[J].环境污染治理技术与设备,2006,7(12):1-4.
[14]WEDC Loughborough University Leicestershire LE11 3TU UK.Emergency water supply[EB/OL].www.lboro.ac.uk/well/re-sources/technical-briefs/44-emergency-water-supply.pdf,2008-07-12.
[15]科学技术部.抗震救灾实用知识、技术与产品手册(二、安全饮水与供水)[EB/OL].http://www.most.gov.cn/ztzl/kjkzjzjzzt/kjkzjzjzzn/200805/P020080523628847652742.doc.2008-05-20.
[16]住房和城乡建设部城市建设司.地震灾区城市供水应对水源污染的应急技术处理要点[EB/OL].http://www.mohurd.gov.cn/zcfg/jswj/csjs/200806/t20080602_170621.htm.2008-06-05.
[17]张晓健.加强城市供水应急处理技术和应急系统建设的研究[J].给水排水,2007,33(11):1.
[18]刘卫红,李振声,白俊松.中国环境科学学会学术年会优秀论文集[A].突发性环境污染事故应急监测质量管理的研究[C].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2006.1756-1758.
[19]MWCOG.Regional Emergency Coordination PlanSM:Water Sup-ply Support Annex[EB/OL].http://www.mwcog.org/security/security/download/RECP_water_902.pdf.2009-09-11.
[20]吉林省建设厅.吉林省城市供水系统重大事故应急预案[EB/OL].http://jst.jl.gov.cn/zwgk/yjgl/yjya/t20080430_389519.htm.2008-06-05.
[21]宜春市城管局.宜春市城市供水系统重大事故应急预案[EB/OL].http://xxgk.yichun.gov.cn/xxgk/cgj/xxgk/gzdt/tfsj/2008-05/200805121127199841.html.2008-06-05.
[22]张勇,王东宇,杨凯.美国饮用水源突发污染事件应急管理及借鉴[J].中国给水排水,2006,22(16):7-11.
[23]张钧.江河水源地突发事故预警体系与模型研究[D].南京:河海大学.2007.
[24]朱谦.突发性环境污染事件中的环境信息公开问题研究[J].西北政法学院学报,2007,(3):150-158.
[25]沈晓娟,徐向阳,刘翔.关于城市应急供水系统建设的思考[J].水利发展研究,2007,(3):33-36.
[26]Tuhovcak L and Rucka J.Hazard identification and risk analysisof water supply systems[Z].Lisbon:2nd IWA Leading-EdgeConference&Exhibition on Strategic Asset Management,2007.
[27]EPA:Office of Water.Large Water System Emergency ResponsePlan Outline:Guidance to Assist Community Water Systems inComplying with the Public Health Security and Bioterrorism Pre-paredness and Response Act of 2002[Z].US:Office of Water(4601M),2003.07.
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