给水管网脆弱性评价
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摘要
利用EPANET 2模拟管网节点的污染物浓度变化,得到模拟结束时整个管网暴露在污染风险中的服务人口百分数,并根据百分数的大小将管网节点的脆弱性评价为红色、橙色、绿色三级,红色对应的暴露服务人口百分数最大,橙色其次,绿色最小;同时结合一管网算例给出了详细的脆弱性评价过程和计算结果。该评价方法可以帮助决策者有针对性地制定应急措施,最大限度地降低用户饮用被污染水的风险。
Node contaminant concentration was simulated using EPANET 2 and the percentage of population exposed to contamination risk was obtained at the end of the simulation.According to the percentage of exposed population,the vulnerability of nodes is grouped into red,orange and green color indicators,in which red signifies the maximum risk,green signifies the minimum risk and orange is in between.With the help of a case,a detailed assessment procedure and computation results are presented.The proposed assessment method can help decision-makers prepare an effective emergency response plan to minimize the risk of polluted water being drunk.
Node contaminant concentration was simulated using EPANET 2 and the percentage of population exposed to contamination risk was obtained at the end of the simulation.According to the percentage of exposed population,the vulnerability of nodes is grouped into red,orange and green color indicators,in which red signifies the maximum risk,green signifies the minimum risk and orange is in between.With the help of a case,a detailed assessment procedure and computation results are presented.The proposed assessment method can help decision-makers prepare an effective emergency response plan to minimize the risk of polluted water being drunk.
引文
[1]黄亚东.给水管网水质传感器优化选址研究[D].杭州:浙江大学,2007.
[2]Ostfeld A,Salomons E.Optimal layout of early warningdetection stations for water distribution systems security[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2004,130(5):377-385.
[3]王素珍,卢燕.基于GIS的城市供水管网抗震能力评价系统研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(7):91-94,98.
[4]卢金锁,韩晓刚,黄廷林,等.汶川大地震对西安市安全供水的启示[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(22):17-20.
[5]Shastri Y,Diwekar U.Sensor placement in water net-works:a stochastic programming approach[J].J WaterRes Plan Manage,2006,132(3):192-203.
[6]Berry J,Fleischer L,Hart W E,et al.Sensor placement inmunicipal water networks[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2005,131(3):237-243.
[7]David B,Kenneth H C.Expanded summary:Real-timedetection of intentional chemical contamination in the dis-tribution system[J].J AWWA,2005,97(7):130-133.
[8]Khanal N,Buchberger S G,McKenna S A.Distributionsystem contamination events:exposure,influence,andsensitivity[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2006,132(4):283-292.
[9]Kenneth AN,Buchberger S G,Clark R M.Simulating ex-posures to deliberate intrusions into water distribution sys-tems[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2005,131(3):228-236.
[2]Ostfeld A,Salomons E.Optimal layout of early warningdetection stations for water distribution systems security[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2004,130(5):377-385.
[3]王素珍,卢燕.基于GIS的城市供水管网抗震能力评价系统研究[J].中国给水排水,2007,23(7):91-94,98.
[4]卢金锁,韩晓刚,黄廷林,等.汶川大地震对西安市安全供水的启示[J].中国给水排水,2008,24(22):17-20.
[5]Shastri Y,Diwekar U.Sensor placement in water net-works:a stochastic programming approach[J].J WaterRes Plan Manage,2006,132(3):192-203.
[6]Berry J,Fleischer L,Hart W E,et al.Sensor placement inmunicipal water networks[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2005,131(3):237-243.
[7]David B,Kenneth H C.Expanded summary:Real-timedetection of intentional chemical contamination in the dis-tribution system[J].J AWWA,2005,97(7):130-133.
[8]Khanal N,Buchberger S G,McKenna S A.Distributionsystem contamination events:exposure,influence,andsensitivity[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2006,132(4):283-292.
[9]Kenneth AN,Buchberger S G,Clark R M.Simulating ex-posures to deliberate intrusions into water distribution sys-tems[J].J Water Res Plan Manage,2005,131(3):228-236.
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