龙游石窟砂岩在不同含水状态下的弹性波速与力学性能
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摘要
为研究水环境变化对龙游石窟风化破坏的影响,进行不同含水状态下砂岩的力学性能和弹性波测试,分析在不同含水条件下砂岩的应力–应变曲线、峰值强度和弹性模量的变化规律。分析结果表明:含水率对岩石的应力–应变曲线、峰值强度和弹性模量等力学性质有显著影响,随着含水率的增加,应变软化特性弱化,峰值强度和弹性模量呈指数减少。弹性波速的测试结果表明,单轴抗压强度与波速具有线性关系;含水率为1.5%时,弹性波速出现反常,降低到一个很低的值,主要原因是砂岩中含有较多膨胀性的黏土矿物;各向异性受含水率的影响并不明显;干燥、稳定的环境有利于洞室的保护。
To study the impact of water environment change on weathering and damage of Longyou grottoes,the experimental research on the mechanical property and the elastic wave velocity of sandstone under different water contents is conducted. The change laws of stress-strain curve and mechanical properties such as peak stress,elastic modulus are also analyzed. The analysis results show that the water content has obvious effect on stress-strain curve and mechanical properties of sandstone:strain softening behavior weakens,peak stress and elastic modulus decreases exponentially with the increase in water content. Elastic wave velocity test results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength is linear with elastic wave velocity,and the elastic wave velocity decreases abnormally to a very low value at the water content of about 1.5% due to expansible clay minerals. The water content has a little impact on anisotropy. Therefore,it can be concluded that dry and steady environment is of benefit to the conservation of Longyou grottoes.
To study the impact of water environment change on weathering and damage of Longyou grottoes,the experimental research on the mechanical property and the elastic wave velocity of sandstone under different water contents is conducted. The change laws of stress-strain curve and mechanical properties such as peak stress,elastic modulus are also analyzed. The analysis results show that the water content has obvious effect on stress-strain curve and mechanical properties of sandstone:strain softening behavior weakens,peak stress and elastic modulus decreases exponentially with the increase in water content. Elastic wave velocity test results indicate that the uniaxial compressive strength is linear with elastic wave velocity,and the elastic wave velocity decreases abnormally to a very low value at the water content of about 1.5% due to expansible clay minerals. The water content has a little impact on anisotropy. Therefore,it can be concluded that dry and steady environment is of benefit to the conservation of Longyou grottoes.
引文
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[16]邓涛,韩文峰,保翰璋.饱水大理岩的波速变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):762–765.(DENG Tao,HAN Wenfeng,BAO Hanzhang.Research on the characteristics of wave velocity variations for marbles saturated in water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):762–765.(in Chinese))
[17]朱合华,周治国,邓涛.饱水对致密岩石声学参数影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):823–828.(ZHU Hehua,ZHOU Zhiguo,DENG Tao.Experimental study of the influence of saturated conditions to acoustic parameters of low-porosity rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):823–828.(in Chinese))
[2]朱焕春.某高边坡岩体声波测试与分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1999,18(4):378–381.(ZHU Huanchun.Sonic wave measuring and analysis of high rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1999,18(4):378–381.(in Chinese))
[3]王辉.用于岩体质量评价的地震波Q值计算方法[J].工程地质学报,2006,14(5):699–702.(WANG Hui.Computational methods of seismic Q values for evaluation of rock mass quality[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2006,14(5):699–702.(in Chinese))
[4]陈磊,戴前伟,曾凡卿.大坝建基岩体物理探测方法应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(3):221–224.(CHEN Lei,DAI Qianwei,ZENG Fanqing.Apply physical testing method on rock mass of dam foundation[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2006,3(3):221–224.(in Chinese))
[5]刘小燕,席道瑛,张程远.低围压和疲劳载荷下砂岩的波速、模量及疲劳损伤(I):岩石的声学特性[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(13):2164–2167.(LIU Xiaoyan,XI Daoying,ZHANG Chengyuan.Wave velocities,modulus,fatigue damage of sandstone under low confining pressure and cyclic loading(I):acoustics characteristics of rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(13):2164–2167.(in Chinese))
[6]刘高,谌文武,梁收运,等.小观音坝址区岩体弹性波特征及其应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2003,33(增2):2819–2823.(LIU Gao,CHEN Wenwu,LIANG Shouyun,et al.Characteristic of elastic wave and its application to Xiaoguanyin dam site on Yellow River[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2003,33(Supp.2):2819–2823.(in Chinese))
[7]杨志法,李丽慧,张路青,等.关于龙游石窟4号洞4#–2#岩柱长期抗剪强度反分析问题的讨论[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(1):62–67.(YANG Zhifa,LI Lihui,ZHANG Luqing,et al.On back analysis of long-term shear strength of#4–#2rock pillar in the No.4cavern of Longyou caverns[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(1):62–67.(in Chinese))
[8]杨志法,王思敬,许兵,等.龙游石窟群工程地质条件分析及保护对策初步研究[J].工程地质学报,2000,8(3):291–295.(YANG Zhifa,WANG Sijing,XU Bing,et al.Analysis of the engineering geological conditions of Longyou stone caves and primary study on the protection strategies[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2000,8(3):291–295.(in Chinese))
[9]李黎,王思敬,TANIMOTO C.龙游石窟砂岩风化特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(6):1217–1222.(LI Li,WANG Sijing,TANIMOTO C.Study of weathering characteristics of sandstone at Longyou grottoes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(6):1217–1222.(in Chinese))
[10]李黎,TANIMOTO C.龙游石窟砂岩的泥质胶结物研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(2):189–194.(LI Li,TANIMOTO C.Research on argillanceous cement of sandstone at Longyou grottoes[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(2):189–194.(in Chinese))
[11]李黎,TANIMOTO C.龙游石窟砂岩的水稳定性研究[J].文物保护与考古科学,2005,17(4):28–33.(LI Li,TANIMOTO C.Study of the water-stabilization of the sandstone of the Longyou grottoes[J].Sciences of Conservation and Archaeology,2005,17(4):28–33.(in Chinese))
[12]MURPHY W F.Effects of water saturation on attenuation in massilon sandstone and vycor poros glass[J].Journal of the Acoustical Society of America,1981,71:1458–1468.
[13]李爱兵,马丽云,赵永信.含孔隙液砂岩的波速和Q值[J].地球物理学报,1995,38(增):288–294.(LI Aibing,MA Liyun,ZHAO Yongxin.Wave velocity and quality factor Q of sandstone with porosity fluid[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,1995,38(Supp.):288–294.(in Chinese))
[14]史謌,沈文略,杨东全.岩石弹性波速度和饱和度、孔隙流体分布的关系[J].地球物理学报,2003,46(1):138–142.(SHI Ge,SHEN Wenlue,YANG Dongquan.The relationship of wave velocities with saturation and fluid distribution in pore space[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2003,46(1):138–142.(in Chinese))
[15]邓涛,黄斌彩,杨林德.致密岩石纵、横波波速各向异性的比较研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):493–498.(DENG Tao,HUANG Bincai,YANG Linde.Anisotropy comparison of P wave and S wave velocity for compacted rocks[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):493–498.(in Chinese))
[16]邓涛,韩文峰,保翰璋.饱水大理岩的波速变化特性研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2000,19(6):762–765.(DENG Tao,HAN Wenfeng,BAO Hanzhang.Research on the characteristics of wave velocity variations for marbles saturated in water[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2000,19(6):762–765.(in Chinese))
[17]朱合华,周治国,邓涛.饱水对致密岩石声学参数影响的试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(5):823–828.(ZHU Hehua,ZHOU Zhiguo,DENG Tao.Experimental study of the influence of saturated conditions to acoustic parameters of low-porosity rock[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(5):823–828.(in Chinese))
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