复杂介质高精度地震波正演和叠后逆时深度偏移
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摘要
为了满足精细化地震勘探的要求,实现高精度地震波正演模拟和偏移成像,推导了高阶交错网格有限差分法地震波动方程正向外推和逆时延拓的计算公式,并给出计算所需的叠后逆时成像条件、稳定性条件和吸收边界条件。以复杂含孔洞介质模型为例,制作了不同主频情况下地震波零偏移距剖面和叠后逆时深度偏移剖面。计算结果表明,正演和逆时偏移剖面精度高,边界吸收效果好,其中低频地震勘探只能反映宏观的地质构造特征,对地层细节的刻画能力较差,而通过提高地震勘探主频,可以提高地震资料的分辨率,并准确刻画地层的变化规律和细节特征,从而能够有效指导地震资料数字处理。
In order to meet the requirement of finely seismic prospecting and achieve high-precision seismic wave forward modeling and migrated imaging,the paper derives the seismic wave motion equation of forward extrapolation and computing formula of inverse time extension with high-order staggered grid finite difference method.It also presents the post-stack inverse time image-forming condition,stability condition and absorbing boundary condition in calculation.The zero offset seismic wave profile and post-stack reverse time depth migration profile are made taking a complex model of cavity medium as an example.The result indicates that the forward and reverse-time migration profiles have high precision and fine boundary absorption.Low frequency seismic prospecting can only reflect macroscopic geological structure characteristics,and it is poor in depicting formation details.So increasing the dominant frequency of seismic prospecting can improve the resolution of seismic data and accuracy of depicting formation and then efficacy of seismic data processing.
In order to meet the requirement of finely seismic prospecting and achieve high-precision seismic wave forward modeling and migrated imaging,the paper derives the seismic wave motion equation of forward extrapolation and computing formula of inverse time extension with high-order staggered grid finite difference method.It also presents the post-stack inverse time image-forming condition,stability condition and absorbing boundary condition in calculation.The zero offset seismic wave profile and post-stack reverse time depth migration profile are made taking a complex model of cavity medium as an example.The result indicates that the forward and reverse-time migration profiles have high precision and fine boundary absorption.Low frequency seismic prospecting can only reflect macroscopic geological structure characteristics,and it is poor in depicting formation details.So increasing the dominant frequency of seismic prospecting can improve the resolution of seismic data and accuracy of depicting formation and then efficacy of seismic data processing.
引文
[1]裵正林等,地震波传播的数值模拟[J],地球物理学进展,2004,19(4)
[2]吴国忱,各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M],山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:116-123
[3]Baysal E,Kosloff DD,Sherwood WC.Reverse time migration[J],Geophysics,1983,48:1514-1524
[4]Schneider W A.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions[J],Geophysics,1978,43:49-76
[5]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff migration[J],Geophysics,1988,53:1540-1546
[6]Berryhill J R.Wave-equation datuming[J],Geophysics,1979,44:1329-1344
[7]马在田,地震成像技术-有限差分法偏移[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[8]Stolt R H.Migration by Fourier transform[J],Geophysics,1978,43:23-48
[9]Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J],Geophysics,1994,59:1882-1893
[10]Claerbout J F.Imaging the earth's interior[M],Blackwell Scientific publications,1985
[11]Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M,Kessinger W P.Split-step Fourier migration[J].Geophysics,1990,55:410-421
[12]Baoniu Han.A comparison of four depth-migration meth-ods[C],68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Ex-panded Abstracts,1988,1104-1107
[13]张美根、王妙月,各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移[J],地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719
[14]底青云、王妙月,弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J],地球物理学报,1997,40(4):570-579
[15]薛东川、王尚旭,波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J],石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):17-21
[16]张钋、李幼铭、刘洪,几类叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状[J],地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):30-39
[17]陈可洋,地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J],石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157
[18]陈可洋,地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J],勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159
[19]陈可洋,基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J],石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478
[20]陈可洋,声波完全匹配层吸收边界条件的改进算法[J],石油物探,2009,48(1):76-79
[21]陈可洋,基于交错网格的弹性波波场分离数值模拟方法[J],中国石油勘探,2010,14(3):33-37
[22]陈可洋,地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J],.石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22
[23]陈可洋,完全匹配层吸收边界条件在弹性波波场分离数值模拟中的应用[J],石油工业计算机应用,2010,25(1):10-12
[24]王守东,声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界[J],石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31-34
[25]陈可洋,边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J],中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):70-175
[26]董良国、马在田、曹景忠,一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J],地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864
[2]吴国忱,各向异性介质地震波传播与成像[M],山东东营:中国石油大学出版社,2006:116-123
[3]Baysal E,Kosloff DD,Sherwood WC.Reverse time migration[J],Geophysics,1983,48:1514-1524
[4]Schneider W A.Integral formulation for migration in two and three dimensions[J],Geophysics,1978,43:49-76
[5]Keho T H,Beydoun W B.Paraxial ray Kirchhoff migration[J],Geophysics,1988,53:1540-1546
[6]Berryhill J R.Wave-equation datuming[J],Geophysics,1979,44:1329-1344
[7]马在田,地震成像技术-有限差分法偏移[M],北京:石油工业出版社,1989
[8]Stolt R H.Migration by Fourier transform[J],Geophysics,1978,43:23-48
[9]Ristow D,Ruhl T.Fourier finite-difference migration[J],Geophysics,1994,59:1882-1893
[10]Claerbout J F.Imaging the earth's interior[M],Blackwell Scientific publications,1985
[11]Stoffa P L,Fokkema J T,Freire R M,Kessinger W P.Split-step Fourier migration[J].Geophysics,1990,55:410-421
[12]Baoniu Han.A comparison of four depth-migration meth-ods[C],68th Ann.Internat.Mtg.,Soc.Expl.Geophys.,Ex-panded Abstracts,1988,1104-1107
[13]张美根、王妙月,各向异性弹性波有限元叠前逆时偏移[J],地球物理学报,2001,44(5):711-719
[14]底青云、王妙月,弹性波有限元逆时偏移技术研究[J],地球物理学报,1997,40(4):570-579
[15]薛东川、王尚旭,波动方程有限元叠前逆时偏移[J],石油地球物理勘探,2008,43(1):17-21
[16]张钋、李幼铭、刘洪,几类叠前深度偏移方法的研究现状[J],地球物理学进展,2000,15(2):30-39
[17]陈可洋,地震波旅行时计算方法及其模型试验分析[J],石油物探,2010,49(2):153-157
[18]陈可洋,地震波逆时偏移方法研究综述[J],勘探地球物理进展,2010,33(3):153-159
[19]陈可洋,基于高阶有限差分的波动方程叠前逆时偏移方法[J],石油物探,2009,48(5):475-478
[20]陈可洋,声波完全匹配层吸收边界条件的改进算法[J],石油物探,2009,48(1):76-79
[21]陈可洋,基于交错网格的弹性波波场分离数值模拟方法[J],中国石油勘探,2010,14(3):33-37
[22]陈可洋,地震波数值模拟中差分近似的各向异性分析[J],.石油物探,2010,49(1):19-22
[23]陈可洋,完全匹配层吸收边界条件在弹性波波场分离数值模拟中的应用[J],石油工业计算机应用,2010,25(1):10-12
[24]王守东,声波方程完全匹配层吸收边界[J],石油地球物理勘探,2003,38(1):31-34
[25]陈可洋,边界吸收中镶边法的评价[J],中国科学院研究生院学报,2010,27(2):70-175
[26]董良国、马在田、曹景忠,一阶弹性波方程交错网格高阶差分解法稳定性研究[J],地球物理学报,2000,43(6):856-864
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