紫坪铺水利枢纽工程左岸坝前堆积体变形破坏机制研究
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摘要
为准确把握紫坪铺水利枢纽工程左岸坝前堆积体在水库运行期间的稳定性动态,进行了工程地质条件和堆积体特征调研,结合堆积体的演化规律分析判断其当前处于缓速蠕变演化阶段,在水库运行条件下其变形破坏主控因素为库水作用效应和地震动力效应,并分析主控因素的作用机制,重点研究堆积体在水库运行期间的变形破坏机制。研究发现,堆积体在水库运行期间可能发生表层蠕滑变形和局部坍塌现象,且存在整体沿底部、整体沿腰部、局部沿底部和局部沿腰部4种可能的失稳模式。然后讨论边坡工程中常用的莫尔–库仑准则和广义米赛斯准则的优缺点,分析常用失稳判据的由来,并根据收敛判据提出了具体的实用判别指标。通过强度折减法确定了局部沿腰部失稳模式的滑动面位置和形状,结合极限平衡法进行上述4种失稳模式在不同工况下的稳定性分析。最后分析堆积体的变形破坏演化过程,表明在水库运行期间将首先发生灯盏坪前缘局部沿腰部失稳破坏,继而可能诱发堆积体整体失稳破坏,因此其治理重点应在于严格控制灯盏坪前缘坡体的稳定性。
The stability of the talus slope,which is located at the left riverbank ahead of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project,is extraordinarily important during the reservoir operation. Based on field investigation,the geologic background and structure character of the talus slope have been fully analyzed and specified. It is judged that the talus slope is just in the stage of slow creep deformation currently by the evolutionary rule of the slope. The chief controlling stability factors are the reservoir water effect and the earthquake effect under the reservoir working condition. And the mechanism of the reservoir water and the earthquake action to the slope are also analyzed. The paper focuses on the deformation and failure mechanism of the talus slope. The phenomenon of superficial creep deformation and submerged failure would arise and there would be four failure patterns of the talus slope during the reservoir operation. The merits and defects of the yield criterion are discussed,which are Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and generalized Mises yield criterion used extensively in slope engineering. And the instability criterion is comprehensively analyzed. The specific criterion indexes are put forward by the convergence criteria. And then the location and shape of the most unfavourable slide surfaces are determined by the theory of strength reduction,which are located at the front slope of Dengzhan plateau. The stability of four failure patterns of the talus slope is researched by limit equilibrium method under various work conditions. The research results indicate that the local failure of the front slope of Dengzhan plateau would happen firstly and then the global failure of the talus slope would induce under the reservoir water drawdown conditions. Main attention should be paid to the stability control of the front slope of Dengzhan plateau.
The stability of the talus slope,which is located at the left riverbank ahead of the dam of Zipingpu hydraulic project,is extraordinarily important during the reservoir operation. Based on field investigation,the geologic background and structure character of the talus slope have been fully analyzed and specified. It is judged that the talus slope is just in the stage of slow creep deformation currently by the evolutionary rule of the slope. The chief controlling stability factors are the reservoir water effect and the earthquake effect under the reservoir working condition. And the mechanism of the reservoir water and the earthquake action to the slope are also analyzed. The paper focuses on the deformation and failure mechanism of the talus slope. The phenomenon of superficial creep deformation and submerged failure would arise and there would be four failure patterns of the talus slope during the reservoir operation. The merits and defects of the yield criterion are discussed,which are Mohr-Coulomb yield criterion and generalized Mises yield criterion used extensively in slope engineering. And the instability criterion is comprehensively analyzed. The specific criterion indexes are put forward by the convergence criteria. And then the location and shape of the most unfavourable slide surfaces are determined by the theory of strength reduction,which are located at the front slope of Dengzhan plateau. The stability of four failure patterns of the talus slope is researched by limit equilibrium method under various work conditions. The research results indicate that the local failure of the front slope of Dengzhan plateau would happen firstly and then the global failure of the talus slope would induce under the reservoir water drawdown conditions. Main attention should be paid to the stability control of the front slope of Dengzhan plateau.
引文
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[6]钟式范,马水山,张保军.隔河岩水利枢纽水库蓄水对岸坡稳定性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):282–288.(ZHONG Shifan,MA Shuishan,ZHANG Baojun.Influence of Geheyan reservoir filling on the stability of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(3):282–288.(in Chinese))
[7]鲍叶静,高孟潭,姜慧.地震诱发滑坡的概率分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):66–70.(BAO Yejing,GAO Mengtan,JIANG Hui.Probabilistic analysis of earthquake-induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):66–70.(in Chinese))
[8]陈蜀俊,党晓英,曾心传,等.奉节长江大桥北岸边坡在地震荷载作用下的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):657–662.(CHEN Shujun,DANG Xiaoying,ZENG Xinchuan,et al.Seismic stability analysis of slope at north bank of Fengjie Changjiang River bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):657–662.(in Chinese))
[9]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机制研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):74–80.(MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,MAO Xinhu,et al.Mechanism of set-out violent slide of slope mass during earthquake and its simulation by using discrete element method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74–80.(in Chinese))
[10]贺可强,阳吉宝,王思敬.堆积层边坡位移矢量角的形成作用机制及其与稳定性演化关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):185–192.(HE Keqiang,YANG Jibao,WANG Sijing.Study on the forming mechanism of displacement vector angle and stability evolution relation of accumulative-formation slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):185–192.(in Chinese))
[11]肖桃李,邓雄.塑性屈服准则在岩土工程中的应用分析[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(8):1–4.(XIAO Taoli,DENG Xiong.The application and analysis of plasticity yield criterion in geotechnical engineering[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,(8):1–4.(in Chinese))
[12]刘金龙,栾茂田,许成顺,等.Drucker-Prager准则参数特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):4009–4015.(LIU Jinlong,LUAN Maotian,XU Chengshun,et al.Study on parametric characters of Drucker-Prager criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):4009–4015.(in Chinese))
[13]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39–61.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,DENG Chujian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysis method and its applications to geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39–61.(in Chinese))
[14]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332–336.(ZHAO Shangyi,ZHENG Yingren,ZHANG Yufang.Study on the slope failure criterion in strength reduction finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):332–336.(in Chinese))
[15]李湛,栾茂田,刘占阁,等.渗流作用下边坡稳定性分析的强度折减弹塑性有限元法[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):554–559.(LI Zhan,LUAN Maotian,LIU Zhange,et al.Elasto-plastic FEM for embankment stability analysis under the condition of seepage based on the technique of shear strength reduction[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(5):554–559.(in Chinese))
[16]郑颖人.岩土材料屈服与破坏及边(滑)坡稳定分析方法研讨——“三峡库区地质灾害专题研讨会”交流讨论综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):649–661.(ZHENG Yingren.Discussion on yield and failure of geomaterials and stability analysis methods of slope/landslide—communion and discussion summary of special topic forum on geologic disasters in the Three Gorges project region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):649–661.(in Chinese))
[17]张季如.边坡开挖的有限元模拟和稳定性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):843–847.(ZHANG Jiru.Finite element simulation and stability analysis on slope excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):843–847.(in Chinese))
[18]康亚明,杨明成,胡艳香.极限平衡法和有限单元法混合分析土坡稳定[J].中国矿业,2006,15(3):74–77.(KANG Yaming,YANG Mingcheng,HU Yanxiang.Mixed analysis on slope stability by limit equilibrium method and finite element method[J].China Mining Magazine,2006,15(3):74–77.(in Chinese))
[19]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381–3388.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application of strength reduction fem in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381–3388.(in Chinese))
[20]DUNCAN J M.State of the art:limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,122(7):577-596.
[21]徐卫亚,肖武.基于强度折减和重度增加的边坡破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):505–510.(XU Weiya,XIAO Wu.Study on slope failure criterion based on strength reduction and gravity increase method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):505–510.(in Chinese))
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50330–2002建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB50330–2002Technical code for building slope engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[2]刘才华,陈从新,冯夏庭,等.地下水对库岸边坡稳定性的影响[J].岩土力学,2005,26(3):419–422.(LIU Caihua,CHEN Congxin,FENG Xiating,et al.Effect of groundwater on slope stability[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(3):419–422.(in Chinese))
[3]杨建,彭仕雄.紫坪铺水利枢纽工程重大工程地质问题研究[M].北京:中国水利水电出版社,2006.(YANG Jian,PENG Shixiong.Research on major geological issues for Zipingpu hydraulic project[M].Beijing:China Water Power Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[4]秦四清,王思敬.斜坡滑动失稳演化的非线性机制与过程研究进展[J].地球与环境,2005,33(3):75–82.(QIN Siqing,WANG Sijing.Advances in research on nonlinear evolutionary mechanisms and process of instabilization of planar-slip slope[J].Earth and Environment,2005,33(3):75–82.(in Chinese))
[5]刘新喜,夏元友,练操,等.库水位骤降时的滑坡稳定性评价方法研究[J].岩土力学,2005,26(9):1427–1431.(LIU Xinxi,XIA Yuanyou,LIAN Cao,et al.Research on method of landslide stability valuation during sudden drawdown of reservoir level[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(9):1427–1431.(in Chinese))
[6]钟式范,马水山,张保军.隔河岩水利枢纽水库蓄水对岸坡稳定性的影响[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1996,15(3):282–288.(ZHONG Shifan,MA Shuishan,ZHANG Baojun.Influence of Geheyan reservoir filling on the stability of slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1996,15(3):282–288.(in Chinese))
[7]鲍叶静,高孟潭,姜慧.地震诱发滑坡的概率分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(1):66–70.(BAO Yejing,GAO Mengtan,JIANG Hui.Probabilistic analysis of earthquake-induced landslides[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(1):66–70.(in Chinese))
[8]陈蜀俊,党晓英,曾心传,等.奉节长江大桥北岸边坡在地震荷载作用下的稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(4):657–662.(CHEN Shujun,DANG Xiaoying,ZENG Xinchuan,et al.Seismic stability analysis of slope at north bank of Fengjie Changjiang River bridge[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(4):657–662.(in Chinese))
[9]毛彦龙,胡广韬,毛新虎,等.地震滑坡启程剧动的机制研究及离散元模拟[J].工程地质学报,2001,9(1):74–80.(MAO Yanlong,HU Guangtao,MAO Xinhu,et al.Mechanism of set-out violent slide of slope mass during earthquake and its simulation by using discrete element method[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2001,9(1):74–80.(in Chinese))
[10]贺可强,阳吉宝,王思敬.堆积层边坡位移矢量角的形成作用机制及其与稳定性演化关系的研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(2):185–192.(HE Keqiang,YANG Jibao,WANG Sijing.Study on the forming mechanism of displacement vector angle and stability evolution relation of accumulative-formation slopes[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(2):185–192.(in Chinese))
[11]肖桃李,邓雄.塑性屈服准则在岩土工程中的应用分析[J].西部探矿工程,2006,(8):1–4.(XIAO Taoli,DENG Xiong.The application and analysis of plasticity yield criterion in geotechnical engineering[J].West-China Exploration Engineering,2006,(8):1–4.(in Chinese))
[12]刘金龙,栾茂田,许成顺,等.Drucker-Prager准则参数特性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(增2):4009–4015.(LIU Jinlong,LUAN Maotian,XU Chengshun,et al.Study on parametric characters of Drucker-Prager criterion[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(Supp.2):4009–4015.(in Chinese))
[13]郑颖人,赵尚毅,邓楚键,等.有限元极限分析法发展及其在岩土工程中的应用[J].中国工程科学,2006,8(12):39–61.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi,DENG Chujian,et al.Development of finite element limit analysis method and its applications to geotechnical engineering[J].Engineering Science,2006,8(12):39–61.(in Chinese))
[14]赵尚毅,郑颖人,张玉芳.有限元强度折减法中边坡失稳的判据探讨[J].岩土力学,2005,26(2):332–336.(ZHAO Shangyi,ZHENG Yingren,ZHANG Yufang.Study on the slope failure criterion in strength reduction finite element method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2005,26(2):332–336.(in Chinese))
[15]李湛,栾茂田,刘占阁,等.渗流作用下边坡稳定性分析的强度折减弹塑性有限元法[J].水利学报,2006,37(5):554–559.(LI Zhan,LUAN Maotian,LIU Zhange,et al.Elasto-plastic FEM for embankment stability analysis under the condition of seepage based on the technique of shear strength reduction[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(5):554–559.(in Chinese))
[16]郑颖人.岩土材料屈服与破坏及边(滑)坡稳定分析方法研讨——“三峡库区地质灾害专题研讨会”交流讨论综述[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2007,26(4):649–661.(ZHENG Yingren.Discussion on yield and failure of geomaterials and stability analysis methods of slope/landslide—communion and discussion summary of special topic forum on geologic disasters in the Three Gorges project region[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2007,26(4):649–661.(in Chinese))
[17]张季如.边坡开挖的有限元模拟和稳定性评价[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,21(6):843–847.(ZHANG Jiru.Finite element simulation and stability analysis on slope excavation[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2002,21(6):843–847.(in Chinese))
[18]康亚明,杨明成,胡艳香.极限平衡法和有限单元法混合分析土坡稳定[J].中国矿业,2006,15(3):74–77.(KANG Yaming,YANG Mingcheng,HU Yanxiang.Mixed analysis on slope stability by limit equilibrium method and finite element method[J].China Mining Magazine,2006,15(3):74–77.(in Chinese))
[19]郑颖人,赵尚毅.有限元强度折减法在土坡与岩坡中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(19):3381–3388.(ZHENG Yingren,ZHAO Shangyi.Application of strength reduction fem in soil and rock slope[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2004,23(19):3381–3388.(in Chinese))
[20]DUNCAN J M.State of the art:limit equilibrium and finite element analysis of slopes[J].Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1996,122(7):577-596.
[21]徐卫亚,肖武.基于强度折减和重度增加的边坡破坏判据研究[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):505–510.(XU Weiya,XIAO Wu.Study on slope failure criterion based on strength reduction and gravity increase method[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):505–510.(in Chinese))
[22]中华人民共和国国家标准编写组.GB50330–2002建筑边坡工程技术规范[S].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,2002.(The National Standards Compilation Group of People's Republic of China.GB50330–2002Technical code for building slope engineering[S].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,2002.(in Chinese))
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