矿产资源开发的生态地质环境风险研究——以甘孜州东部为例
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摘要
甘孜州东部是我国矿产资源富集区和生态地质环境脆弱区之一,生态地质环境承载力呈现出南优北差、西优东差的格局。据矿业历史及现状影响,建立承载力—矿业活动关系模式,将承载力分为正荷载、等荷载和超荷载三种状态。采用生态地质环境危险性与潜在损失承载体求积运算的方式获取风险值,并进行四级风险区划。风险空间分布大体呈现出东高西低、北高南低的形态,矿业活动区及其缓冲区、小流域、大流域都处于风险联动的系统内,风险区划与承载力区划成正相关关系。针对生态地质环境风险提出加强小矿有序开发、加强勘查和开发过程管理、提高矿产资源利用效率、构建监测系统和加强矿山环境问题治理等应对措施。
Eastern Ganzi-Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the vulnerable mineral-rich regions and eco-geological environmental vulnerable areas.As for the eco-geological environmental carrying capacity,it is fine in the north and poor in the south;fine in the west and poor in the east.According to the mining history and status effects,the carrying states are divided into positive load,equivalent load and over load.By multiplication operation of eco-geological environmental hazard risks,the risk values were obtained and divided into four risk zones.The spatial distribution of risk zones is characterized as being high in the east and low in the west,and high in the north and low in the south.Mining activity area and its buffer zone,small watershed and great basin are all at the risk of system linkage.Risk zoning and carrying capacity zoning show a positive correlation.In order to combat eco-geological environmental risks,some measures are put forward,including enhancing orderly development of small mines,strengthening exploration and development process management,improving the efficiency of mineral resources,building the monitoring system,and strengthening the governance of mine environment.
Eastern Ganzi-Tibetan Autonomous Prefecture is one of the vulnerable mineral-rich regions and eco-geological environmental vulnerable areas.As for the eco-geological environmental carrying capacity,it is fine in the north and poor in the south;fine in the west and poor in the east.According to the mining history and status effects,the carrying states are divided into positive load,equivalent load and over load.By multiplication operation of eco-geological environmental hazard risks,the risk values were obtained and divided into four risk zones.The spatial distribution of risk zones is characterized as being high in the east and low in the west,and high in the north and low in the south.Mining activity area and its buffer zone,small watershed and great basin are all at the risk of system linkage.Risk zoning and carrying capacity zoning show a positive correlation.In order to combat eco-geological environmental risks,some measures are put forward,including enhancing orderly development of small mines,strengthening exploration and development process management,improving the efficiency of mineral resources,building the monitoring system,and strengthening the governance of mine environment.
引文
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[2]张宗祜,袁道先.我国跨世纪的重大地学问题—环境地学发展前景[J].国土资源科技管理,1995,12(5):60—69.
[3]张人权,靳孟贵.略论地质环境系统[J].地球科学:中国地质大学学报,1995,20(4):373—377.
[4]何政伟,黄润秋,许向宁等.金沙江流域生态地质环境现状及其对梯级水电站工程开发过程中生态环境保护的建议[J].地球与环境,2005,33(B10):605—613.
[5]陈梦熊.环境地质学的基本理论与研究领域[M].北京:地震出版社,1998:98—103.
[6]黄润秋.生态环境地质的基本特点与技术支撑[J].中国地质,2001,28(11):20—24.
[7]周爱国,孙自永,马瑞.干旱区地质生态学导论[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,2007:3—11.
[8]赵坤宇,薛凯,吴晓龙.尾矿坝地质生态环境风险防护措施分析[J].环境科学与管理,2006,31(4):136—137.
[9]支兵发.试论区域生态地质环境质量评价的几个问题—以珠江三角洲经济区为例[J].灾害学,2008,23(2):59—64.
[10]支兵发.珠江三角洲经济区海岸变迁的生态地质环境效应[J].资源环境与工程,2008,22(2):200—204.
[11]李远华,姜琦刚,赵静,王坤,张继承.青藏高原湖泊和NDVI变化反映的生态地质环境问题[J].遥感学报,2008,12(4):640-646.
[12]Sagoff M.Carrying capacity and ecological economics.BioScience,1995,45(9):610—619.
[13]Hrlich A.Looking for the Ceiling:Estimates of the Earth's carrying capacity[J].American Scient,Research TrianglePark,1996,84(5):494—499.
[14]Perrings C,Walker B.Biodiversity,resilience and the control of ecological—economic systems:the case of fire—drivenrangelands[J].Ecological Economics.1997,22(1):73—83.
[15]Irmi Seidl,Tisdell C A.Carrying capacity reconsidered:from Malthus’population theory to cultural carrying capacity[J].Ecological Economics,1999,31(3):395—408.
[16]Tony Prato.Modeling carrying capacity for national parks[J].Ecological Economics,2001,39(3):321—331.
[17]Yossapoll C,Caudill R,Axe L,et al.Carrying capacity estimates for assessing environmental performance and sustain-ability[J].IEEE International Symposium on Electronics and the Environment,2002,32—37.
[18]Kyushik Oh,Yeunwoo Jeong,Dongkun Lee,et al.Determining development density using the Urban Carrying Capaci-ty Assessment System[J].Landscape and Urban Planning,2005,73(1):1—15.
[19]Cuadra M,Bj?rklund J.Assessment of economic and ecological carrying capacity of agricultural crops in Nicaragua[J].Ecological Indicators,2007,7(1):133—149.
[20]Batchelder H P,Kashiwai M.Ecosystem modeling with NEMURO within the PICES Climate Change and Carrying Ca-pacity program[J].Ecological Modelling,2007,202(1):7—11.
[21]Roy Shovonlal,Chattopadhyay J.Enrichment and stability:A phenomenological coupling of energy value and carryingcapacity[J].Biosystems,2007,90(2):371—378.
[22]朱裕生.基础地质调查的新任务:关于地质—生态环境调查新概念的探讨[J].中国区域地,1999,18(2):122—126.
[23]高吉喜.可持续发展理论探讨:生态承载力理论、方法与应用[M].北京:中国环境科学出版社,200l:1—15
[24]钱易,刘昌明,刘宝?,等.要根据环境承载力合理布局生产力.[EB/OL].http://media.newgx.com.cn/static/20040302/newgx4043d6af-150769.html,2004-03-02.
[25]陈洲其,方克定,李裕伟,等.国土规划与资源环境承载力评价关系咨询会.[EB/OL].http://blog.sina.com.cn/s/blog_4a6d40030100bys9.html,2009-01-21.
[26]张茂省,唐亚明.地质灾害风险调查的方法与实践[J].地质通报2008,27(8):1205—1206.
[27]段丽萍,郑万模,李明辉,等.川西高原主要地质灾害特征及其影响因素浅析[J].沉积与特提斯地质,2005,25(4):95—98.
[28]赵银兵.面向矿产资源开发的地质生态环境研究—以甘孜藏族自治州东部为例[D].成都理工大学,2009.
[29]甘孜藏族自治州矿产资源总体规划(2008—2020年)[R].甘孜州国土资源局,2008.
[30]许向宁.长江上游安宁河流域主要生态环境地质问题及其效应[J].山地学报,2004,22(5):572-577.
[31]王文俊.生态地质环境评价的基本原理及其应用—以长江上游安宁河流域为例[D].成都理工大学,2005.
[32]沈镭.对我国小矿发展的几点建议[J].河北地质矿产信息,2005,(1):30.
[33]施训鹏.世界各国规范小矿的经验及其对中国小煤矿管理的启示[J].煤炭经济研究,2003,(9):4—9.
[34]王峰,王小华.论我国小矿企业的健康发展问题[J].中国矿业,2004,13(8):6—8.
[35]薄俊丽,田明.提高我国矿产资源利用效率的市场激励机制分析[J].矿冶,2005,14(4):103—106.
[36]金小燕,赵亚辉.湖南省有色金属矿产资源开发利用效率相关问题的探讨[J].湖南地质,2002,21(2):122—126.
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