复杂采空区稳定性数值模拟分析
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摘要
为研究复杂采空区的稳定性,在前期现场调查、现场原岩应力测定、室内力学试验及岩体力学参数工程处理的研究基础上,应用现代仿真技术与计算机数值模拟技术,采用FLAC3D方法对龙桥铁矿空区形成过程及采空区稳定性进行模拟计算和预测分析,研究表明:采空区形成后,空区四周各角隅处首先达到极限剪切破坏状态,随着采空区的增大,角隅处破坏区域逐步延深扩大,顶板中央拉应力分布逐渐明显,最终变为拉应力破坏;采场周边围岩位移最大,往外距离开挖边界越远,围岩位移就越小,且采场上盘围岩位移比下盘围岩要大得多,围岩移动方向均指向采空区;在采场顶板以上形成围岩移动位移等值拱;采空区顶顶中央点下沉量最大,向空区侧面急剧降低,空区以外点的下沉量变化较小,且距空区越远下沉量越小;采空区一半高度的水平断面上围岩以垂直向下位移为主.
To study stability of complicated goaf,we performed the in-situ investigation such as field test of rock stress and indoor rock mechanics test and simulated the formation and mining goaf stability of Longqiao ironmine using methods FLAC3D.Results show that the formation of mined-out area and the empty area around the first corner reaches the limit state of shear failure;With the increase in mined-out area,the failure area around the first conner gradually increases,resulting in a obvious distribution of tensional stress in central part of the roof,forming a tensional stress failure at last.The surrounding rock near the stope has a greater displacement than those far from the stope and the displacement of upper surrounding rock is much greater than that of the lower one,all of them moving towards the goaf.
To study stability of complicated goaf,we performed the in-situ investigation such as field test of rock stress and indoor rock mechanics test and simulated the formation and mining goaf stability of Longqiao ironmine using methods FLAC3D.Results show that the formation of mined-out area and the empty area around the first corner reaches the limit state of shear failure;With the increase in mined-out area,the failure area around the first conner gradually increases,resulting in a obvious distribution of tensional stress in central part of the roof,forming a tensional stress failure at last.The surrounding rock near the stope has a greater displacement than those far from the stope and the displacement of upper surrounding rock is much greater than that of the lower one,all of them moving towards the goaf.
引文
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[2]国家安全生产监督管理总局.国家安全生产科学规划—非煤矿山领域研究报告(2004~2010)[R].北京:国家安全生产监督管理总局,国家煤矿安全监督局,2003.
[3]李夕兵,赵国彦,周子龙,等.河南洛钼集团三道庄露天矿采空区综合治理技术研究[R].长沙:中南大学,2005.
[4]李夕兵,李地元,赵国彦,等.金属矿地下采空区探测、处理与安全评判[J].采矿与安全工程学报,2006,23(1):24-29.LI Xi-bing,LI Di-yuan,ZHAO Guo-yan,et al.De-tecting,disposal and safety evaluation of the under-ground goaf in metal mines[J].Journal of Mining&Safety Engineering,2006,23(1):24-29.
[5]宫凤强,李夕兵,董陇军,等.基于未确知测度理论的采空区危险性评价研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(2):323-330.GONG Feng-qiang,LI Xi-bing,DONG Long-jun,etal.Underground goaf risk evaluation based on uncer-tainty measurement theory[J].Chinese Journal ofRock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(2):323-330.
[6]HUBER D,VANDAPEL N.Automatic three-di-mensional underground mine mapping[J].Interna-tional Journal of Robotics Research,2006,25(1):7-17.
[7]JOHN D L.Cavity monitoring system and stope a-nalysis[C]//Proceedings of Mass Mine Chile.Santia-go:[s.n.],2004,56-62.
[8]童立元,刘松玉,邱钰,等.高速公路下伏采空区问题国内外研究现状及进展[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(7):1198-1202.TONG Li-yuan,LIU Song-yu,QIU Yu,et al.Cur-rent research state of problems associated with mined-out regions under expressway and future development[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2004,23(7):1198-1202.
[9]程久龙,胡克峰,王玉和,等.探地雷达探测地下采空区的研究[J].岩土力学,2004,25(增刊):79-82.CHENG Jiu-long,HU Ke-feng,WANG Yu-he,etal.Research on detecting of underground mined-outareas by using GPR[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2004,25(Supp):79-82.
[10]林厚龙,岳来群,刘耘,等.高密度电阻率法在阿联酋某城C9~C11测区溶洞勘察中的应用[J].福建地质,2001,4(20):201-206.LIN Hou-long,YUE Lai-qun,LIU Yun,et al.Ap-plication of the high density resistivity survey to de-tecting water-eroded caves in the sector C9~C11 ofKhalifa City B,Abu Dhabi,United Arab Emirates[J].Geology of Fujian,2001,4(20):201-206.
[11]姜鹰,曹哲明,刘铁.高频大地电磁法在宜万铁路隧道岩溶的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2006,3(3):206-210.JIANG Ying,CAO Zhe-ming,LIU Tie.Applica-tion of high frequency magentotelluric method to thekarst exploration of the tunnel along Yiwan railroad[J].Chinese Journal of Engineering Geophysics,2006,3(3):206-210.
[12]杨祥森,林昀,崔德海.地震映像法在铁路隧道隐伏岩溶勘查中的应用[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(5):470-474.YANG Xiang-sen,LIN Yun,CUI De-hai.Applica-tion of seismic imaging method to exploration of hid-den karst under railway tunnel[J].Chinese Journalof Engineering Geophysics,2007,4(5):470-474.
[13]朱翔鹏,张学强,严哲.瑞雷波在探测地下防空区的应用研究[J].工程地球物理学报,2007,4(1):58-61.ZHU Xiang-peng,ZHANG Xue-qiang,YAN Zhe.Application of Rayleigh wave in inspecting under-ground air-raid shelter[J].Chinese Journal of Engi-neering Geophysics,2007,4(1):58-61.
[14]余卫平,汪小刚,杨健,等.地下洞室群围岩稳定性分析及其结果的可视化[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3730-3736.YU Wei-ping,WANG Xiao-gang,YANG Jian,etal.Stability analysis of surrounding rock of under-ground excavations and visualization of its results[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engi-neering,2005,24(20):3370-3736.
[15]李仲奎,戴荣,姜逸明.FLAC3D分析中的初始应力场生成及在大型地下洞室群计算中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2002,24(增刊):2387-2392.LI Zhong-kui,DAI Rong,JIANG Yi-ming,et al.Improvement of the generation of the initial stressfield by using FLAC3Dand application in a huge un-derstand cavern group[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2002,24(Supp):2387-2392.
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