地震密度反演及地层孔隙度估计
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摘要
地层密度直接与孔隙度、孔隙流体类型、饱和度和骨架矿物成分有关.本文通过理论分析和计算,讨论了油气藏储层物性参数变化引起的密度变化及密度变化对地震波速度、阻抗和振幅的影响,提出了基于完全纵波方程的全波形地震密度反演和孔隙度估计方法,克服了常规地震密度反演对地震数据更多处理引起的信号畸变,提高了地震密度反演和地层孔隙度估计的精度.该方法采用波场导数的时间积分和多炮求和,对地震数据中的噪声具有比较强的压制作用.理论模型研究表明该方法是可行的.通过对我国西部某气田实际数据处理、分析和反演,获得了地层密度和孔隙度,结果与测井基本吻合,证明了预测结果的准确性和方法的有效性,从而为后续的有效储层预测和储量计算提供了可靠的数据.
Formation mass density is directly related to porosity, fluid type, fluid saturation, and matrix mineral composition.The change of the reservoir parameters can cause the change of density and then the seismic velocity, impedance and amplitude.We discussed the characteristics of the changes by theoretical calculation and presented a method for estimating density and porosity based on full acoustic waveform inversion.Because of avoiding the signal distortion caused by more processing, the method can improve the inversion accuracy of density and porosity.It also can eliminate noise by integrating the derivative of wave field along time and summing multi-shot data.The method has been tested successfully by a synthetic example and gas-field data from western China.The density and porosity provided by the method agree with the logging result.It also supplies reliable data for prediction of effective reservoir and calculation of reserves.
Formation mass density is directly related to porosity, fluid type, fluid saturation, and matrix mineral composition.The change of the reservoir parameters can cause the change of density and then the seismic velocity, impedance and amplitude.We discussed the characteristics of the changes by theoretical calculation and presented a method for estimating density and porosity based on full acoustic waveform inversion.Because of avoiding the signal distortion caused by more processing, the method can improve the inversion accuracy of density and porosity.It also can eliminate noise by integrating the derivative of wave field along time and summing multi-shot data.The method has been tested successfully by a synthetic example and gas-field data from western China.The density and porosity provided by the method agree with the logging result.It also supplies reliable data for prediction of effective reservoir and calculation of reserves.
引文
[1] Yongyi L. Density anomaly indicators and application. 76~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2006． 299～303
[2] Li Yongyi. A study on applicability of density inversion in defining reservoirs. 75~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2005． 1646～1650
[3] 黄平,涂涛,刘兴刚.川东石炭系岩石物性圈闭探索性研究.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3) :326～332 Huang P, Tu T, Liu X G. Research on lithologic trap in Carbonifer-oils system in east Sichuan basin. OGP (in Chinese) ,2000,35(3) : 326～332
[4] Behural J,Kabir N, Crider R, et al. Density extraction from P-wave AVO inversion: Tuscaloosa Trend example. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007． 1466～1470
[5] Khare V. Density Inversion using Joint PP/PS data: Sensitivity to the Angle Range. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2007． 965～969
[6] Tarantola A. A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 1986,51 (10) : 1893 ～1903
[7] Roy B, Anno P, Gurch M. Imaging oil-sand reservoir heterogeneities using wide-angle prestack seismic inversion. The Leading Edge ,2008,67(9) :1192～1201
[8] Tarantola A. Inversion of reflection data in the acoustic approximation. Geophysics, 1984,49(8) : 1259～1266
[9] Zhou C, Schuster G. T, Hassanzadeh S, et al. Elastic wave equation traveltime and waveform inversion of crosswell data. Geophysics, 1997,62(3) :853～868
[10] Barnes C, Charara M. full-waveform inversion results when using acoustic approximation instead of elastic medium. 78~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008． 1895～1899
[11] Singh S, Sears T, Roberts M, et al. Full Elastic Waveform Inversion: Future of Quantitative Seismic Imaging. 78~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008． 1905～1909
[12] Pramanik A G, et al. Estimation of effective porosity using geostatistics and multiattribute transforms: A case study. Geophysics,2004,69(2) :352～372
[13] 李忠,贺振华,巫芙蓉等.地震孔隙度反演技术在川西砂岩储层中的应用与比较.天然气工业,2006,26(3) :50～52 Li Z, He Z H, Wu F R,et al. Application of seismic porosity inversion techniques to sandstone reservoirs in western sichuang basin and its effect comparsion. Natual Gas Industry (in Chinese) ,2006,26(3) :50～52
[14] 陈遵德,祝文亮,王卫华等.孔隙度预测中的地震特征优化方法及应用.石油学报,1999,20(1) :50～55 Cheng Z D, Zhu W L, Wang W H, et al. Method of seismic characteristic optimization for porosity prediction and its application. Acta Petolei Sinica (in Chinese), 1999,20 (1) : 50～55
[15] Young G R. Mrinal K S. A comparision of porosity estimates obtained using post , partial , and prestack seismic inversion methods: Marco Polo Field, Gulf of Mexico. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007． 1790～1794
[16] Yumei S, Wenzhi Z, Hong C. Nonlinear process control of wave equation inversion and its application in the detection of gas. Geophysics,2007,72(1) :R9～R18
[17] Gardner G H F, Gardner L W, Gregory A R, Formation velocity and density: The diagnostic basis for stratigraphic traps. Geophysics, 1974,39(6) : 770～780
[2] Li Yongyi. A study on applicability of density inversion in defining reservoirs. 75~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2005． 1646～1650
[3] 黄平,涂涛,刘兴刚.川东石炭系岩石物性圈闭探索性研究.石油地球物理勘探,2000,35(3) :326～332 Huang P, Tu T, Liu X G. Research on lithologic trap in Carbonifer-oils system in east Sichuan basin. OGP (in Chinese) ,2000,35(3) : 326～332
[4] Behural J,Kabir N, Crider R, et al. Density extraction from P-wave AVO inversion: Tuscaloosa Trend example. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007． 1466～1470
[5] Khare V. Density Inversion using Joint PP/PS data: Sensitivity to the Angle Range. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts, 2007． 965～969
[6] Tarantola A. A strategy for nonlinear elastic inversion of seismic reflection data. Geophysics, 1986,51 (10) : 1893 ～1903
[7] Roy B, Anno P, Gurch M. Imaging oil-sand reservoir heterogeneities using wide-angle prestack seismic inversion. The Leading Edge ,2008,67(9) :1192～1201
[8] Tarantola A. Inversion of reflection data in the acoustic approximation. Geophysics, 1984,49(8) : 1259～1266
[9] Zhou C, Schuster G. T, Hassanzadeh S, et al. Elastic wave equation traveltime and waveform inversion of crosswell data. Geophysics, 1997,62(3) :853～868
[10] Barnes C, Charara M. full-waveform inversion results when using acoustic approximation instead of elastic medium. 78~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008． 1895～1899
[11] Singh S, Sears T, Roberts M, et al. Full Elastic Waveform Inversion: Future of Quantitative Seismic Imaging. 78~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2008． 1905～1909
[12] Pramanik A G, et al. Estimation of effective porosity using geostatistics and multiattribute transforms: A case study. Geophysics,2004,69(2) :352～372
[13] 李忠,贺振华,巫芙蓉等.地震孔隙度反演技术在川西砂岩储层中的应用与比较.天然气工业,2006,26(3) :50～52 Li Z, He Z H, Wu F R,et al. Application of seismic porosity inversion techniques to sandstone reservoirs in western sichuang basin and its effect comparsion. Natual Gas Industry (in Chinese) ,2006,26(3) :50～52
[14] 陈遵德,祝文亮,王卫华等.孔隙度预测中的地震特征优化方法及应用.石油学报,1999,20(1) :50～55 Cheng Z D, Zhu W L, Wang W H, et al. Method of seismic characteristic optimization for porosity prediction and its application. Acta Petolei Sinica (in Chinese), 1999,20 (1) : 50～55
[15] Young G R. Mrinal K S. A comparision of porosity estimates obtained using post , partial , and prestack seismic inversion methods: Marco Polo Field, Gulf of Mexico. 77~(th) SEG Expanded Abstracts,2007． 1790～1794
[16] Yumei S, Wenzhi Z, Hong C. Nonlinear process control of wave equation inversion and its application in the detection of gas. Geophysics,2007,72(1) :R9～R18
[17] Gardner G H F, Gardner L W, Gregory A R, Formation velocity and density: The diagnostic basis for stratigraphic traps. Geophysics, 1974,39(6) : 770～780
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