缓倾角岩质陡坡后退演化的力学机制
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摘要
岩质陡坡后退演化是一个复杂的地质力学过程及动力地貌过程,也是山区危岩、崩塌灾害的形成机制,符合岩质边坡链式演化规律。针对单一危岩块,将危岩主控结构面类比为Ⅰ型裂纹,引入广义Kelvin蠕变模型,建立了考虑危岩蠕变效应的危岩断裂应力强度因子计算方法;针对缓倾角岩质陡坡,运用工程力学方法建立了陡坡上各危岩块所受荷载的计算方法;联合危岩主控结构面蠕变断裂应力强度因子和岩石断裂韧度,建立了危岩块崩落判据。实例分析表明,建立的岩质陡坡后退力学分析方法与实际情况基本一致。
Retreat evolution of steep rock slopes is one of complex geological mechanical and dynamic geomorphology processes and is also the dominant developing mechanism for perilous rock,collapse and avalanche in mountainous areas,in keeping with the chained regularity of rock slope evolution.The control fissure in perilous rock is regarded asⅠ-type crack for a single perilous rock block.A method to calculate the strength factor of fracture stress of rock is established considering the creep rock effect by introducing the general Kelvin model.With regard to steep rock slopes with gentle dip,based on engineering mechanics,the method to calculate loads acting on perilous rocks is established.The strength factor of fracture stress and the control fissure in perilous rock considering the creep rock effect is combined with the rock tenacity,and the criterion for collapse of perilous rock blocks on steep rock slopes is proposed.Case studies show that the mechanical mechanism for the retreat evolution of steep rock slopes is consistent with the actual one.
Retreat evolution of steep rock slopes is one of complex geological mechanical and dynamic geomorphology processes and is also the dominant developing mechanism for perilous rock,collapse and avalanche in mountainous areas,in keeping with the chained regularity of rock slope evolution.The control fissure in perilous rock is regarded asⅠ-type crack for a single perilous rock block.A method to calculate the strength factor of fracture stress of rock is established considering the creep rock effect by introducing the general Kelvin model.With regard to steep rock slopes with gentle dip,based on engineering mechanics,the method to calculate loads acting on perilous rocks is established.The strength factor of fracture stress and the control fissure in perilous rock considering the creep rock effect is combined with the rock tenacity,and the criterion for collapse of perilous rock blocks on steep rock slopes is proposed.Case studies show that the mechanical mechanism for the retreat evolution of steep rock slopes is consistent with the actual one.
引文
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[9]陈洪凯.三峡库区危岩链式规律的地貌学解译[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1):92–95.(CHEN Hong-kai.Geomorphology research on chained regularity of perilous rock in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Sciences),2008,27(1):92–95.(in Chinese))
[10]CHEN H K,TANG H M,YE S Q.Damage model of control fissure in perilous rock[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2006,27(7):967–974.
[11]CHEN H K,TANG H M.Method to calculation fatigue fracture life of control fissure[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2007,28(5):643–649.
[12]王林峰,陈洪凯.危岩链式规律的力学演绎[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(2):94–97.(WANG Lin-feng,CHEN Hong-kai.Mechanical illation of chained regularity of perilous rock[J].Joumal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(2):94–97.(in Chinese))
[13]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.(Aviation Academe of China.Stress intension gene of handbook[M].Beijing:Science Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[14]朱维申,李术才,陈卫忠.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(ZHU Wei-shen,LI Shu-chai,CHEN Wei-zhong.Failure mechanism and anchorage effect of jointed rock masses and engineering appliance[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[15]陈杰.考虑层间接触变形时叠层梁层间接触压力分析[J].力学与实践,2001,23:45–47.(CHEN Jie.Analysis of the pressure between laminated beams[J].Mechanics and Engineering,2001,23:45–47.(in Chinese))
[16]胡勤华,赵仲芳.简支叠梁的简化分析方法及其工程应用[J].结构工程师,2006,22(4):34–36.(HU Qin-hua,ZHAO Zhong-fang.A simple analytical method for simply supported laminated beams and its application[J].Structural Engineers,2006,22(4):34–36.(in Chinese))
[17]陈洪凯,唐红梅,叶四桥,等.危岩防治原理[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.(CHEN Hong-kai,TANG Hong-mei,YE Si-qiao,et al.The principle of perilous rock’s prevention and cure[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]丁秀丽,付敬,刘建,等.软硬互层边坡岩体的蠕变特性研究及稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):3410–3418.(DING Xiu-li,FU Jing,LIU Jian,et al.Study on creep behavior of alternatively distributed soft and hard rock layers and slope stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):3410–3418.(in Chinese))
[2]陈洪凯,鲜学福,唐红梅,等.三峡库区危岩群发性机理与防治[J].重庆大学学报(自然科学版),2008,31(10):1178–1184.(CHEN H K,XIAN X F,TANG H M,et al.A massive development mechanism and ciuntermeasures for perilous rocks in the Three Gorges Reservoir area of P R China:The axample of the Taibaiyan cliff at Wanzhou[J].Journal of Chonqing University(Natural Sciences),2008,31(10):1178–1184.(in Chinese))
[3]韩志勇,李徐生,任雪,等.重庆万州长江岸坡岩质陡坡后退速率的估计[J].山地学报,2006,24(3):327–332.(HAN Zhi-yong,LI Xu-sheng,REN Xue,et al.Rate estimation of scarp retreat on bank slope at Wanzhou of Chongqing[J].Journal of Mountain Science,2006,24(3):327–332.(in Chinese))
[4]TROUTMAN B M,KARLINGER M R.Predictors of the peak width for networks with exponential links[J].Stochastic Hydrol Hydraul,1989,3:1–16.
[5]Hiroyuki Obanawa,Yukinori Matsukura.Cliff retreat and talus development at the caldera wall of Mount St.Helens:computer simulation using a mathematical model[J].Geomorphology,2008,97(3):697–711.
[6]SCHMIDT Karl-Heinz.Rates of scarp retreat:a mean of dating neotectonic activity[J].Lecture Notes in Earth Science,1998,15:445–462.
[7]CHEN H K,TANG H M.Chained mechanism and moving routine for perilous rock to avalanche in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir of China[C]//The Proceedings of the China Association for Science and Technology.Beijing:Science Press,2006,3(1):501–506.
[8]陈洪凯,唐红梅,鲜学福.缓倾角层状岩体边坡链式演化规律[J].兰州大学学报(自然科学版),2009,45(1):20–25.(CHEN H K,TANG H M,XIAN X F.Chained developing pattern for rock slopes with gentle dip strata[J].Journal of Lanzhou University(Natural Sciences),2009,45(1):20–25.(in Chinese))
[9]陈洪凯.三峡库区危岩链式规律的地貌学解译[J].重庆交通大学学报(自然科学版),2008,27(1):92–95.(CHEN Hong-kai.Geomorphology research on chained regularity of perilous rock in the area of the Three Gorges Reservoir[J].Journal of Chongqing Jiaotong University(Natural Sciences),2008,27(1):92–95.(in Chinese))
[10]CHEN H K,TANG H M,YE S Q.Damage model of control fissure in perilous rock[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2006,27(7):967–974.
[11]CHEN H K,TANG H M.Method to calculation fatigue fracture life of control fissure[J].Applied Mathematics and Mechanics,2007,28(5):643–649.
[12]王林峰,陈洪凯.危岩链式规律的力学演绎[J].重庆建筑大学学报,2008,30(2):94–97.(WANG Lin-feng,CHEN Hong-kai.Mechanical illation of chained regularity of perilous rock[J].Joumal of Chongqing Jianzhu University,2008,30(2):94–97.(in Chinese))
[13]中国航空研究院.应力强度因子手册[M].北京:科学出版社,1981.(Aviation Academe of China.Stress intension gene of handbook[M].Beijing:Science Press,1981.(in Chinese))
[14]朱维申,李术才,陈卫忠.节理岩体破坏机理和锚固效应及工程应用[M].北京:科学出版社,2002.(ZHU Wei-shen,LI Shu-chai,CHEN Wei-zhong.Failure mechanism and anchorage effect of jointed rock masses and engineering appliance[M].Beijing:Science Press,2002.(in Chinese))
[15]陈杰.考虑层间接触变形时叠层梁层间接触压力分析[J].力学与实践,2001,23:45–47.(CHEN Jie.Analysis of the pressure between laminated beams[J].Mechanics and Engineering,2001,23:45–47.(in Chinese))
[16]胡勤华,赵仲芳.简支叠梁的简化分析方法及其工程应用[J].结构工程师,2006,22(4):34–36.(HU Qin-hua,ZHAO Zhong-fang.A simple analytical method for simply supported laminated beams and its application[J].Structural Engineers,2006,22(4):34–36.(in Chinese))
[17]陈洪凯,唐红梅,叶四桥,等.危岩防治原理[M].北京:地震出版社,2006.(CHEN Hong-kai,TANG Hong-mei,YE Si-qiao,et al.The principle of perilous rock’s prevention and cure[M].Beijing:Earthquake Press,2006.(in Chinese))
[18]丁秀丽,付敬,刘建,等.软硬互层边坡岩体的蠕变特性研究及稳定性分析[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(9):3410–3418.(DING Xiu-li,FU Jing,LIU Jian,et al.Study on creep behavior of alternatively distributed soft and hard rock layers and slope stability analysis[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(9):3410–3418.(in Chinese))
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