南海扩张的地震反射标志——南海东北部多道地震剖面结果
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摘要
南海的扩张、成因演化研究的成果主要基于深部速度研究及磁条带研究的基础上,但南海东北部边界的研究相对薄弱.本次通过对南海东北部边界的反射地震剖面973的综合研究,结合前人的天然地震震源研究及地质研究成果,得到南海形成与扩张是单方向向菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛地块漂移的结果.南海各块体处于一个统一的区域应力场作用之下,菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛地块限制了南海的扩张与发展;在此应力条件下,不同部位受力状态不同,就南海东北部973剖面地震波场特征,可划分为五个构造单元:AB段南海东北部大陆架张性盆地区;BC段大陆坡为伸展区,形成大量张性盆地;CD段中部深海沉积盆地为弱挤压区,深海沉积盆地弱变形,大陆坡张性盆地浅俯冲其下,深海沉积盆地西部翘起,向东倾斜;DE段东部为强挤压区,沉积盆地挤压变形,越向东挤压越强烈,深海沉积盆地浅俯冲其下,相对弱变形并西部翘起;E以东,菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛构造带为稳定地块.南海东北部在东或南东方向统一的区域应力场作用下,处于张性、弱挤压、强挤压不同压力状态,形成南海特有的由北西向东呈现拉张-弱挤压-强挤压构造格局,反射地震剖面上显示两个浅俯冲点.每个块体构造层呈手风琴风箱式折曲并向东聚敛,近菲律宾吕宋岛弧—台湾岛构造带其折曲更为严重,沉积盆地由西向东,展现为不同阶段的沉积盆地,发育、成长、结束、消亡,块体俯冲方向以及各块体的区域性倾伏方向均与区域应力场方向一致.
In this research, a comprehensive study of the 973 seismic profiles was conducted. Combined with previous studies of the geological and natural hypocenter, we proposed that the formation and expansion of the South China Sea is the result of the one-way drift to the Philippines Island of Luzon arc-Taiwan terrain. All the blocks of South China Sea are under the same regional stress field and its expansion and evolution were constrained by the Philippines island of Luzon arc-Taiwan terrain. Based on the stress conditions, and the characteristics of seismic wave field, five structural sections were distinguished in the 973 seismic profile of the northeastern South China Sea-. AB section is a stretching area of the continental shelf; BC section is the expanded area of the continental slope, with many pull-apart basins; CD section is the deep sedimentary basin with weak compression and deformation. The extensional basins of the continental slope subducted underneath this section shallowly. The western deep-sea sedimentary basins was elevated, and inclined eastward; DE section is a strongly compressed sedimentary basin zone with stronger squeezing in the eastern part. The weak-deformed deep-sea sedimentary basins subducted shallowly underneath this section, and were lifted up in the western region. The east of E is the tectonic belt of Luzon-Taiwan island arc, and is a steady rigidity block. Under the eastern or southeastern uniform stress field, the northeastern part of the South China Sea underwent different stress state and formed unique structure patterns in South China Sea: extensional-weak compressive-strong compressive from north-west to east. Two shallow subduction zones were recognized in the seismic profiles. All the tectonic blocks have accordion-folds-style structures and converged in the east, with stronger folding near the Philippine island of Luzon arc-Taiwan Island. From west to east sedimentary basins showed different stages of the basins development: growth, mature and terminations. Block subduction and regional block inclining directions were all aligned with the directions of the regional stress field.
In this research, a comprehensive study of the 973 seismic profiles was conducted. Combined with previous studies of the geological and natural hypocenter, we proposed that the formation and expansion of the South China Sea is the result of the one-way drift to the Philippines Island of Luzon arc-Taiwan terrain. All the blocks of South China Sea are under the same regional stress field and its expansion and evolution were constrained by the Philippines island of Luzon arc-Taiwan terrain. Based on the stress conditions, and the characteristics of seismic wave field, five structural sections were distinguished in the 973 seismic profile of the northeastern South China Sea-. AB section is a stretching area of the continental shelf; BC section is the expanded area of the continental slope, with many pull-apart basins; CD section is the deep sedimentary basin with weak compression and deformation. The extensional basins of the continental slope subducted underneath this section shallowly. The western deep-sea sedimentary basins was elevated, and inclined eastward; DE section is a strongly compressed sedimentary basin zone with stronger squeezing in the eastern part. The weak-deformed deep-sea sedimentary basins subducted shallowly underneath this section, and were lifted up in the western region. The east of E is the tectonic belt of Luzon-Taiwan island arc, and is a steady rigidity block. Under the eastern or southeastern uniform stress field, the northeastern part of the South China Sea underwent different stress state and formed unique structure patterns in South China Sea: extensional-weak compressive-strong compressive from north-west to east. Two shallow subduction zones were recognized in the seismic profiles. All the tectonic blocks have accordion-folds-style structures and converged in the east, with stronger folding near the Philippine island of Luzon arc-Taiwan Island. From west to east sedimentary basins showed different stages of the basins development: growth, mature and terminations. Block subduction and regional block inclining directions were all aligned with the directions of the regional stress field.
引文
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