组合岩样破裂孕育过程中应变场的动态变化特征
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摘要
利用花岗岩和砂岩拼合样品,进行双轴加压单面直剪试验,结果表明,对于力学性质差异很大的两种岩石的拼合岩样,破裂孕育过程中岩样上的应变是不均匀的,有的地方很高,有的地方很低。在大破裂发生前,应变在一些点沿原趋势加速上升或下降,在一些点则与原趋势相反,转而下降或上升,还有的点则基本平稳不变。应变场变化的共同特征是:①先出现高应变中心,接着这个中心沿未来剪切缝从砂岩边缘向拼合岩样中部转移,而原先的高应变中心却逐步变成低应变区——应变空区。②主破裂不是发生在高应变中心,而是在应变空区或高应变中心转变而成的低应变中心处,直至主破裂发生。③微破裂和宏观破裂都由砂岩向花岗岩方向发展。
A pedion shear test of biaxial compression is made on the combined sample of granite and sandstone. The results show that rock specimen matched by two rocks with different mechanical properties has inhomogeneous strain during the process of developing rupture, at some places which is very high but at some places which is low. Before macro-fracture occurring, the strain accelerated upward or downward at some points according to original trend, rose or dropped opposite to original trend at other points, and the strain changed stably at some points. The common features of the change are: (1) a high strain center appears at first, then the center shift to the middle of the rock sample from the edge of sandstone along the future shearing lancing, and the original high strain center gradually turns into low strain region or strain gap; (2) the main rupture doesn't occur in the center of high strain but in the strain gap or the place of the high strain center turning into low strain center; (3) the micro-fracture and macro-fracture develop from the sandstone to the granite.
A pedion shear test of biaxial compression is made on the combined sample of granite and sandstone. The results show that rock specimen matched by two rocks with different mechanical properties has inhomogeneous strain during the process of developing rupture, at some places which is very high but at some places which is low. Before macro-fracture occurring, the strain accelerated upward or downward at some points according to original trend, rose or dropped opposite to original trend at other points, and the strain changed stably at some points. The common features of the change are: (1) a high strain center appears at first, then the center shift to the middle of the rock sample from the edge of sandstone along the future shearing lancing, and the original high strain center gradually turns into low strain region or strain gap; (2) the main rupture doesn't occur in the center of high strain but in the strain gap or the place of the high strain center turning into low strain center; (3) the micro-fracture and macro-fracture develop from the sandstone to the granite.
引文
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许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2002.加载破裂和卸载破裂的焦散阴影区动态特征的实验研究[J].地震学报,24(2):186-195.
(场)关系的实验研究[J].地震研究,21(2):128-133.
周硕愚,吴云,王若柏,等.1994.地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究[J].地震学报,16(3):336-340.
XU Zhao-yong,YANG Run-hai,ZHAO Jin-ming,et al.2000.Experi-mental study of seismic short-imminent precursory mechanism bynew methods and technique[A].see:The2nd APEC Cooperationfor Earthquake Simulation Workshop[C].Tokyo,Japan.
XUZhao-yong,YANG Run-hai,ZHAO Jin-ming,et al.2002.Experi-mental study of the process zone,nucleation zone and plastic area ofearthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics[J].PureAppl Geophys,159:1951-1966.
陈顺云,许昭永,杨润海,等.2002.含多组雁列构造试样的特征位移场与声发射的关系——应变空区的实验与理论探讨[J].地震学报,24(6):627-637.
胡毅力,许昭永,王彬,等.1997.含硬包体试样破裂孕育过程中的应变特征[J].地震,17(2):162-168.
茂木清夫.1982.地震预报的基础研究[A].国家地震局科技监测司编.大陆地震活动和地震预报国际学术讨论会论文集(1984)[C].北京:地震出版社,375-402.
梅世蓉.1995.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(一)——坚固体孕震模式的由来与证据[J].地震学报,17(3):273-282.
梅世蓉.1996.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(二)——强震孕育时应力、应变场的演化与地震活动、地震前兆的关系[J].地震学报,18(1):1-10.
梅世蓉.1996.地震前兆物理模式与前兆时空分布机制研究(三)——强震孕育时地震活动与地壳形变场异常及机制[J].地震学报,18(2):170-178.
邵云,谭衢林,符养,等.2002.雷达差分干涉测量技术及其应用研究[J].地球物理学报,45(增刊):205-213.
王彬,许昭永,赵晋明,等.1999.含坚固体试样破裂孕育过程中声发射的强度特征及其地震学意义[J].地震地质,21(4):411-416.
许昭永,舒燕华,包一峰.1989.单轴压缩下填充物胶灌切口岩样的破裂特征[J].地球物理学报,32(增刊1):269-274.
许昭永,王彬,赵晋明,等.1997.含硬包体试样微破裂图象演变过程的实验研究[J].地震学报,19(3):317-332.
许昭永,王彬,杨润海,等.1999.组合坚固体应变扰动及波速异常的破裂前兆特征研究[J].地震,19(4):331-337.
许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2001.岩石破坏前的短临应变前兆研究[J].地震研究,24(3):191-196.
许昭永、梅世蓉,杨润海,等.2001.远场和超远场前兆的模拟试验研究[J].地震研究,24(4):332-338.
许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2002.Y形块体交界处多点大破裂的模拟实验研究[J].地球物理学报,45(增刊):214-224.
永,杨润海,王彬,等.1998.突发应变扰动——一种新的破裂前兆的实验研究[J].地震学报,20(6):628-634.
许昭永,杨润海,赵晋明,等.2002.加载破裂和卸载破裂的焦散阴影区动态特征的实验研究[J].地震学报,24(2):186-195.
(场)关系的实验研究[J].地震研究,21(2):128-133.
周硕愚,吴云,王若柏,等.1994.地震蕴育过程中地壳形变场图象动力学参量的研究[J].地震学报,16(3):336-340.
XU Zhao-yong,YANG Run-hai,ZHAO Jin-ming,et al.2000.Experi-mental study of seismic short-imminent precursory mechanism bynew methods and technique[A].see:The2nd APEC Cooperationfor Earthquake Simulation Workshop[C].Tokyo,Japan.
XUZhao-yong,YANG Run-hai,ZHAO Jin-ming,et al.2002.Experi-mental study of the process zone,nucleation zone and plastic area ofearthquakes by the shadow optical method of caustics[J].PureAppl Geophys,159:1951-1966.
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