岩体中应力波幅值随时空衰减的关系
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摘要
把岩石抽象为Kelvin-Voigt黏弹性体,应用复数理论建立了应力波在岩石中传播时的振动频率和波动频率的关系,在此基础上,研究了岩石和含有一组平行结构面的岩体中应力波幅值随时间和随空间衰减的关系。研究表明,应力波在岩石的传播过程中,频率是影响应力波幅值衰减的的主要因素;应力波在含有1组平行结构面岩体的传播过程中,由于结构面的存在,影响了应力波能量的传播,其幅值随时空衰减系数主要由结构面间距及其反射系数决定,结构面间距减小和反射系数增加,幅值随传播距离的衰减系数增加和随时间的衰减系数减小,而结构面的黏性系数增加,幅值随传播距离的衰减系数增加,但随时间的衰减系数变化很小。上述结论对岩体结构探测具有重要的指导意义。
The relation between wave frequency and vibration frequency in Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic medium was studied by applying the plural theory.The time-and spatial-attenuation of wave amplitude was studied in rock and rock mass with a series of parallel interfaces.The study indicated that the attenuation of stress wave amplitude was mainly decided by vibration frequency of stress wave.Stress wave energy was influenced by interface in rock mass with a series of parallel interfaces.And the time-and spatial-attenuation of stress wave amplitude is decided by distance and reflection coefficient of interface.The decrease of distance of interfaces and the increase of reflection coefficient resulted in increase of spatial-attenuation of rock mass and decrease of time-attenuation,while increase of viscosity coefficient led to the increase of spatial-attenuation and almost the same time-attenuation.This study result played an important role in detecting rock mass structure.
The relation between wave frequency and vibration frequency in Kelvin-Voigt viscoelastic medium was studied by applying the plural theory.The time-and spatial-attenuation of wave amplitude was studied in rock and rock mass with a series of parallel interfaces.The study indicated that the attenuation of stress wave amplitude was mainly decided by vibration frequency of stress wave.Stress wave energy was influenced by interface in rock mass with a series of parallel interfaces.And the time-and spatial-attenuation of stress wave amplitude is decided by distance and reflection coefficient of interface.The decrease of distance of interfaces and the increase of reflection coefficient resulted in increase of spatial-attenuation of rock mass and decrease of time-attenuation,while increase of viscosity coefficient led to the increase of spatial-attenuation and almost the same time-attenuation.This study result played an important role in detecting rock mass structure.
引文
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[2]王礼立.应力波基础[M].北京:国防工业出版,2005.
[3]杜启振,杨慧珠.线性黏弹性各向异性介质速度频散和衰减特征研究[J].物理学报,2002,51(9):2101-2108.DU Qi-zhen,YANG Hui-zhu.Velocity dispersion and attenuation anisotropic linear viscoelastic media[J].Acta Physica Sinica,2002,51(9):2101-2108.
[4]CAUSSE E,MITTET R,URSIN B.Preconditioning of full-waveform inversion in viscoacoustic media[J].Geophysics,1999,64(1):130-145.
[5]WANG Hua-zhong,ZHANG Li-bin,Ma Zai-tian.Seismic wave imaging in visco-acoustic media[J].Science in China,Ser A,2004,47(Supp.1):146-154.
[6]刘孝敏,胡时胜,陈智.黏弹性Hopkinson压杆中波的衰减和弥散[J].固体力学学报,2002,23(1):81-86.LIU Xiao-min,HU Shi-sheng,CHEN Zhi.The wave propagation attenuation and dispersion in a viscoelastic Hopkinson pressure bar[J].ACTA Mechanica Solida Sinica,2002,23(1):81-86.
[7]苑春方,彭苏萍,张中杰,等.Kelvin-Voigt均匀黏弹性介质中传播的地震波[J].中国科学D辑:地球科学,2005,35(10):957-962.YUAN Chun-fang,PENG Su-ping,ZHANG Zhong-jie,et al.Seismic wave propagation in Kelvin-Voigt homogeneous viscoelastic medium[J].Science China Earth Sciences,2005,35(10):957-962.
[8]卢文波.应力波与可滑移岩石界面间的相互作用研究[J].岩土力学,1996,17(3):70-75.LU Wen-bo.A study on interaction between stress wave and slipping rock interface[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,1996,l7(3):70-75.
[9]CAI J G,ZHAO J.Effects of multiple parallel fractures on apparent attenuation of stress waves in rock masses[J].International Journal of Rock Mechanics and Mining Sciences,2000,(37):661-682.
[10]王鲁明,赵坚,华安增,等.节理岩体中应力波传播规律研究的进展[J].岩土力学,2003,24(增刊):602-606.WANG Lu-ming,ZHAO Jian,HUA An-zeng,et al.The progress in study of regularity of a stress wave propagation in the jointed rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(Supp.):602-606.
[11]田振农,李世海,肖南.应力波在一维节理岩体中传播规律的试验研究与数值模拟[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(增刊1):2687-2693.TIAN Zhen-nong,LI Shi-hai,XIAO Nan,et al.Experimental studies and numerical simulation of stress wave propagation in one-dimensional rock mass[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(Supp.1):2687-2693.
[12]张秀丽,焦玉勇,刘泉声.节理对爆炸波传播影响的数值研究[J].岩土力学,2008,29(3):717-721.ZHANG Xiu-li,JIAO Yu-yong,LIU Quan-sheng,et at.Numerical study on effect of joints on blasting wave propagation in rock mass[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(3):717-721.
[13]刘财,郭智奇,杨宝俊等.黏弹各向异性介质中波的反射与透射问题分析[J].地球物理学报,2007,50(4):1216-1224.LIU Cai,GUO Zhi-qi,YANG Bao-jun et al.Analysis of reflection and transmission problems of waves in viscoelastic anisotropic media[J].Chinese Journal of Geophysics,2007,50(4):1216-1224.
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