高温岩体地热资源特征与开发问题探讨
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摘要
能源是人类生存与发展的重要物质基础.以化石能源为支撑的能源体系,随着不可再生的化石能源的日趋减少,甚至枯竭,其支撑能力会逐渐减弱,同时大规模消耗化石能源对生态环境的影响也日益突出.因此,开发新能源和可再生能源是人类解决未来可持续发展的必然选择.地壳深部高温岩体蕴藏着巨大的热能资源,并且这类地热资源是非污染的绿色能源,其与核能、太阳能或其它形式的可再生能源相比具有许多优势.我国地质构造条件优越,具有丰富的高温岩体地热资源,并且其资源潜力巨大.但大规模高温岩体地热资源开发还面临许多科学问题和工程技术问题,这些问题既需要科学家和工程技术专家的合作和创新研究,也需要国家的资金投入和政策倾斜.在对高温岩体研究与开发相关文献分析的基础上,对高温岩体的概念与开发思路、我国高温岩体地热资源的地质类型与资源潜力及开发优势、高温岩体圈定评价和高温岩体地热资源开发利用所面临的科学与工程问题等进行了探讨,提出了高温岩体地热资源开发理应作为我国能源发展战略的一个有机组成部分的建议.
The energy resource is an important material basis for human survival and development.As non-renewable fossil energy resources increasingly reduced or even depleted,its supporting capacity will be gradually weakened,at the same time a great deal of fossil fuel consumption will continuously make an impact on the ecological environment.Therefore the development of new energy and renewable energy is the prime choice for the future sustainable development of human society.The hot dry rocks in deep crust contain extremely large thermal energy resources.This kind of geothermal resources is a non-polluting and green energy,and it has many advantages over nuclear,solar or other renewable energy sources.China continents have some favorable geological and tectonic backgrounds for hot dry rock(HDR) geothermal resources,which is rich in resource potential.But large-scale development of HDR’s geothermal energy resource still faces many scientific and engineering issues,which includes state’s investment and preferential policies,cooperation and innovative researches of scientists and engineering experts.This paper reviews literatures about HDR studies,and discusses the concept and development ideas of HDRs,geological types and resource potential of China HDR geothermal resources,methods of determination and evaluation of HDRs,the advantages of HDR geothermal resources,as well as scientific issues and engineering issues in exploring HDR geothermal resources.And then it suggests that the development of HDR geothermal resource should be an integral part of China’s energy development strategy.
The energy resource is an important material basis for human survival and development.As non-renewable fossil energy resources increasingly reduced or even depleted,its supporting capacity will be gradually weakened,at the same time a great deal of fossil fuel consumption will continuously make an impact on the ecological environment.Therefore the development of new energy and renewable energy is the prime choice for the future sustainable development of human society.The hot dry rocks in deep crust contain extremely large thermal energy resources.This kind of geothermal resources is a non-polluting and green energy,and it has many advantages over nuclear,solar or other renewable energy sources.China continents have some favorable geological and tectonic backgrounds for hot dry rock(HDR) geothermal resources,which is rich in resource potential.But large-scale development of HDR’s geothermal energy resource still faces many scientific and engineering issues,which includes state’s investment and preferential policies,cooperation and innovative researches of scientists and engineering experts.This paper reviews literatures about HDR studies,and discusses the concept and development ideas of HDRs,geological types and resource potential of China HDR geothermal resources,methods of determination and evaluation of HDRs,the advantages of HDR geothermal resources,as well as scientific issues and engineering issues in exploring HDR geothermal resources.And then it suggests that the development of HDR geothermal resource should be an integral part of China’s energy development strategy.
引文
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[26]YIN A,HARRISON P.Geological evolution of theHimalayan-Tibet orogen[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,2000,28:211-280.
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[28]多吉.典型高温地热系统——羊八井热田基本特征[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(1):42-47.
[29]赵文津,吴珍汉,史大年,等.国际合作INDEPTH项目横穿青藏高原的深部探测与综合研究[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):1 328-1 342.
[30]WU Z H,BAROSH P J,ZHAO X,et al.Miocene tectonicevolution from dextral-slip thrusting to extensionin theNyainqentanglha region of the Tibetan Plateau[J].ActaGeologica Sinca,2007,81(3):365-384.
[31]BROWN L D,ZHAO W,NELSON K D,et al.Brightspots,structure and magmatism in southern Tibet fromINDEPTH seismic reflection profiling[J].Science,1996,274:1 688-1 690.
[32]ALSDORF D,NELSON K D.The Tibetan satellitemagnetic low:evidence for widespread melten theTibetan crust?[J].Geology,1999,27(10):943-946.
[2]王革华.能源与可持续发展[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[3]吴治坚.新能源和可再生能源的利用[M].北京:机械工业出版社,2006.
[4]赵阳升,万志军,康建荣.高温岩体地热开发导论[M].北京:科学出版社,2004.
[5]刘时彬.地热资源及其开发利用和保护[M].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[6]郭进京,周安朝.高温岩体圈定的思路与方法探讨[J].能源工程,2008(6):1-4.
[7]DUCHANE D V.Hot dry rock:a realistic energy option[J].Geothermal Resources Council Bulletin,1990(3):83-88.
[8]DUCHANE D V.Geothermal energy production from hotdry rock:operational testing at the Fenton Hill,NewMexico HDR test facility[J].American Society ofMechanical Engineers,Petroleum Division(Publication)PD,Emerging Energy Technology,1994,57:169-174.
[9]DUCHANE D V.Commercialization of hot dry rockgeothermal energy technology[J].Transactions-Geother-mal Resources Council,1991,15:325-331.
[10]PIERCE K G,LIVESAY B J.Estimate of the cost ofelectricity production from hot-dry rock[J].GeothermalResources Council Bulletin,1993,22(8):197-203.
[11]HARRISON R,SYMONS G D.HDR economics:areview of the UK geothermal hot dry rock R&D pro-gramme[J].Transactions-Geothermal Resources Coun-cil,1991,15:333-337.
[12]万志军,赵阳升,康建荣.高温岩体地热开发的技术经济评价[J].能源工程,2004(4):30-34.
[13]刘时彬,李宝山,郑克棪.全国地热产业可持续发展学术研讨会论文集[C].北京:化学工业出版社,2005.
[14]郑克棪，潘小平，董颖.中国地热资源开发与保护[M].北京:地质出版社,2007.
[15]林丽,郑秀华,詹美萍.地热能利用现状与发展前景[J].资源与产业,2006,8(3):20-23.
[16]马立新,田舍.我国地热能开发利用现状与发展[J].中国国土资源经济,2006(9):19-21.
[17]马杏垣.中国岩石圈动力学纲要[M].北京:地质出版社,1987.
[18]丁国瑜.中国岩石圈动力学概论[M].北京:地震出版社,1991.
[19]张国伟,张本仁,袁学诚,等.秦岭造山带与大陆动力学[M].北京:科学出版社,2001.
[20]邓起东,张培震,冉勇康,等.中国活动大陆构造基本特征[J].中国科学,2002,32(12):1 020-1 030.
[21]肖序常,李廷栋.青藏高原的构造演化与隆升机制[M].广州:广州科技出版社,2000.
[22]马宗晋,汪一鹏,张燕平.青藏高原岩石圈现今变动与动力学[M].北京:地震出版社,2001.
[23]赵文津,INDEPTH项目组.喜马拉雅山及雅鲁藏布江缝合带深部结构与构造研究[M].北京:地质出版社,2001.
[24]尹安,彭聪,冯锐.喜马拉雅-青藏高原造山带地质演化——显生宙亚洲大陆增生[M]//张有学,尹安.地球结构、演化和动力学.北京:高等教育出版社,2002:208-282.
[25]许志琴,杨经绥,李海兵.青藏高原与大陆动力学——地体拼合、碰撞造山及高原隆升的深部驱动力[J].中国地质,2006,33(2):221-238.
[26]YIN A,HARRISON P.Geological evolution of theHimalayan-Tibet orogen[J].Annu Rev Earth Planet Sci,2000,28:211-280.
[27]田廷山,李明朗,白冶.中国地热资源及其开发利用[M].北京:中国环境出版社,2006:1-116.
[28]多吉.典型高温地热系统——羊八井热田基本特征[J].中国工程科学,2003,5(1):42-47.
[29]赵文津,吴珍汉,史大年,等.国际合作INDEPTH项目横穿青藏高原的深部探测与综合研究[J].地球学报,2008,29(3):1 328-1 342.
[30]WU Z H,BAROSH P J,ZHAO X,et al.Miocene tectonicevolution from dextral-slip thrusting to extensionin theNyainqentanglha region of the Tibetan Plateau[J].ActaGeologica Sinca,2007,81(3):365-384.
[31]BROWN L D,ZHAO W,NELSON K D,et al.Brightspots,structure and magmatism in southern Tibet fromINDEPTH seismic reflection profiling[J].Science,1996,274:1 688-1 690.
[32]ALSDORF D,NELSON K D.The Tibetan satellitemagnetic low:evidence for widespread melten theTibetan crust?[J].Geology,1999,27(10):943-946.
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