汶川大地震重灾区道路震害航空遥感评估
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摘要
应用机载ADS40可见光航空遥感数据,对汶川地震重灾区道路交通的受损情况进行了实时评估。通过对道路交通损坏情况的统计分析,得出影像覆盖范围内的交通受损总体情况为:国道受损7.7%、省道受损10.2%,县级和乡级道路也受到不同程度的损坏;将受损情况按县统计,则汶川道路受损最为严重——受损率达22%;同时得出了各级道路受损程度及其与地质、地形和地震烈度的关系,即道路受损情况与地震烈度密切正相关,严重受损道路集中分布于地震烈度为9,10和11度的区域,烈度越大道路损坏越严重;道路损坏程度同时也受地形和地层岩性条件的影响。
At 14:28 on May 12,2008,a catastrophic earthquake with a magnitude of 8 broke out in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province of China,followed by lots of aftershock.The quakes have brought about varieties of disasters,such as buildings collapse,landslides,floods,traffic block,etc.Roads,as a lifeline engineering,are always the most important facilities,for they are the only means to do rescue in almost all disasters,especially in the earthquake,during which the telecommunication is always cut down and there are so many hurts.Thus,it makes good sense to know about the conditions of the traffic especially the roads and bridges,as well as rails,to decide how to give out help and foods,etc.,so that the total death would finally be minimized.This article firstly checks the conditions of the traffic from ADS40 optical images,and then calculates the damage of the roads with respect to some aspects(such as the hierarchy of the roads/counties,etc.).The factors that affected the damage of the roads were analyzed in the end.The results show that 7.7% of the national roads and 10.2% of provincial roads are heavily ruined,and the roads in Wenchuan have the highest damage rate(more than 22%),compared to other counties'/cities'.Meanwhile,roads damage is found to have highly positive correlation with the earthquake intensity: the stronger the intensity is,the heavier the damage would be.Besides,roads damage is found to be affected by the topography as well as the geology.
At 14:28 on May 12,2008,a catastrophic earthquake with a magnitude of 8 broke out in Wenchuan,Sichuan Province of China,followed by lots of aftershock.The quakes have brought about varieties of disasters,such as buildings collapse,landslides,floods,traffic block,etc.Roads,as a lifeline engineering,are always the most important facilities,for they are the only means to do rescue in almost all disasters,especially in the earthquake,during which the telecommunication is always cut down and there are so many hurts.Thus,it makes good sense to know about the conditions of the traffic especially the roads and bridges,as well as rails,to decide how to give out help and foods,etc.,so that the total death would finally be minimized.This article firstly checks the conditions of the traffic from ADS40 optical images,and then calculates the damage of the roads with respect to some aspects(such as the hierarchy of the roads/counties,etc.).The factors that affected the damage of the roads were analyzed in the end.The results show that 7.7% of the national roads and 10.2% of provincial roads are heavily ruined,and the roads in Wenchuan have the highest damage rate(more than 22%),compared to other counties'/cities'.Meanwhile,roads damage is found to have highly positive correlation with the earthquake intensity: the stronger the intensity is,the heavier the damage would be.Besides,roads damage is found to be affected by the topography as well as the geology.
引文
[1]郭华东.汶川地震灾害遥感图集[M].北京:科学出版社.2008:174.
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[5]中国地震局震灾应急救援司.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图[R/OL],2008-08-29,www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_08/29/1219979564089.html.
[6]黄莉菁,黄昭,赵志伟,福建晋江地震地质灾害分区[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):116-121.
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[8]罗福忠,胡伟华,赵纯青,等.巴楚—伽师6.8级地震地质灾害及未来地震地质灾害[J].内陆地震,2006,20(1):33-39.
[9]赵纪生,周正华,金显廷.灾后城镇重新选址的地震地质灾害评估纲要[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(2):26-31.
[2]赵双明,李德仁.ADS40影像几何预处理[J].武汉大学信息学报,2006,31(4):308-311.
[3]刘军,王冬红.基于Level 0产品的ADS40正射影像快速生成[J].遥感学报,2007,11(2):247-232.
[4]李明,吴磊,许妙忠.基于ADS40数据的正射影像制作技术[J].测绘信息与工程,2008,33(3):42-44.
[5]中国地震局震灾应急救援司.汶川8.0级地震烈度分布图[R/OL],2008-08-29,www.cea.gov.cn/manage/html/8a8587881632fa5c0116674a018300cf/_content/08_08/29/1219979564089.html.
[6]黄莉菁,黄昭,赵志伟,福建晋江地震地质灾害分区[J].自然灾害学报,2004,13(3):116-121.
[7]聂树明,周克森.地震地质灾害对广州市部分城区工程环境的影响分析[J].华南地震,2005,24(4):42-48.
[8]罗福忠,胡伟华,赵纯青,等.巴楚—伽师6.8级地震地质灾害及未来地震地质灾害[J].内陆地震,2006,20(1):33-39.
[9]赵纪生,周正华,金显廷.灾后城镇重新选址的地震地质灾害评估纲要[J].世界地震工程,2008,24(2):26-31.
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