黄河三角洲粉土原位力学性能试验研究
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摘要
黄河三角洲粉土主要为第四纪散河流堆积物。结合现场钻探取样、旁压试验(PMT)、扁铲试验(DMT)和室内试验,综合研究黄河三角洲粉土的原位力学特性。室内试验结果表明,黄河三角洲粉土粒径集中在0.075～0.005mm,粒径均匀,级配较差且黏粒含量极低,导致难以压实;孔隙率较高,压缩性大。原位旁压试验结果表明,黄河三角洲地区地基的容许承载力为300kPa左右,且土体的临塑压力随着深度的增加逐渐增大,但在13.0m以下有减小的趋势;随后给出该地区地基旁压模量Em随深度的变化关系式,提出该地区土层旁压模量建议值为1800kPa,并进一步分析变形模量与旁压模量之间的定量关系。扁铲试验进一步论证该地区土层的类别主要为粉土,给出静止侧压力系数K0和水平应力指数KD随深度的变化图。最后讨论侧胀模量ED与压缩模量Es的关系,以及ED,Es随深度的变化情况。
The silt in the Yellow River Delta mainly belongs to the quaternary deposits. Based on the in-situ drilling test,pressuremeter test(PMT),dilatometer test(DMT) and laboratory test,the mechanical properties of silt are studied. Laboratory test results show that there are many special characteristics of silt soil,such as the homogeneous particle size(grain sizes of silt centralized in 0.075–0.005 mm),poor gradation and little clay content in the silt,therefore,it is hard in compaction. In addition,the porosity of the silt is very high,which leads to large compressibility. The results of PMT demonstrate that the allowable bearing capacity of foundation in the Yellow River Delta is 300 kPa. In addition,the critical edge pressure of silt increases with the depth,and decreases in the depth greater than 13.0 m. The quantitative relationship between modulus of lateral pressure test and depth is also presented. Moreover,the suggested value of modulus of lateral pressure test is 1 800 kPa in the Yellow River Delta. As for DMT,the results reveal that most strata in the area belong to silt ones except for some rock flour or silt clay in some layers. Then,the changes of static lateral pressure coefficient K0 and horizontal stress index KD with depth are studied. Finally,the relationship between dilatational modulus ED and compression modulus Es is discussed;meanwhile,the variations of ED and Es with depth are analyzed.
The silt in the Yellow River Delta mainly belongs to the quaternary deposits. Based on the in-situ drilling test,pressuremeter test(PMT),dilatometer test(DMT) and laboratory test,the mechanical properties of silt are studied. Laboratory test results show that there are many special characteristics of silt soil,such as the homogeneous particle size(grain sizes of silt centralized in 0.075–0.005 mm),poor gradation and little clay content in the silt,therefore,it is hard in compaction. In addition,the porosity of the silt is very high,which leads to large compressibility. The results of PMT demonstrate that the allowable bearing capacity of foundation in the Yellow River Delta is 300 kPa. In addition,the critical edge pressure of silt increases with the depth,and decreases in the depth greater than 13.0 m. The quantitative relationship between modulus of lateral pressure test and depth is also presented. Moreover,the suggested value of modulus of lateral pressure test is 1 800 kPa in the Yellow River Delta. As for DMT,the results reveal that most strata in the area belong to silt ones except for some rock flour or silt clay in some layers. Then,the changes of static lateral pressure coefficient K0 and horizontal stress index KD with depth are studied. Finally,the relationship between dilatational modulus ED and compression modulus Es is discussed;meanwhile,the variations of ED and Es with depth are analyzed.
引文
[1]杨占宝.黄河三角洲地震地质特征研究[硕士学位论文][D].青岛:中国海洋大学,2003.(YANG Zhanbao.The research of seismogeo-logical characteristics of the Yellow River Delta[M.S.Thesis][D].Qingdao:Ocean University of China,2003.(in Chinese))
[2]景立平,崔杰,李立云,等.粉土液化的小型振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(3):145–151.(JING Liping,CUI Jie,LI Liyun,et al.Small shaking table modelling of silty soil liquefaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(3):145–151.(in Chinese))
[3]马德翠,单红仙,周其健.黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):353–360.(MA Decui,SHAN Hongxian,ZHOU Qijian.Experimental study on shear modulus and damping ratio characteristics of silty soil in the delta of Yellow River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(3):353–360.(in Chinese))
[4]单红仙,段兆臣,刘正银,等.粉质土重复振动液化与效果研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(1):57–80.(SHAN Hongxian,DUAN Zhaochen,LIU Zhengyin,et al.Repeated liquefaction and the effect on properties of silt[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(1):57–80.(in Chinese))
[5]孟凡丽,卢成原,王姗姗.波浪荷载下粉质土动应变和动强度的试验研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2007,35(6):671–674.(MENG Fanli,LU Chengyuan,WANG Shanshan.Experimental study on dynamic strain and strength of silt under wave load[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2007,35(6):671–674.(in Chinese))
[6]贾永刚,栾海晶,许国辉,等.振动导致黄河口粉质土性质与起动流速的变化[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1123–1128.(JIA Yonggang,LUAN Haijing,XU Guohui,et al.Changes in geotechnical properties of silt and its critical erosion threshold in Yellow River estuary:influence of vibrating load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(6):1123–1128.(in Chinese))
[7]曾长女.细粒含量对粉土液化及液化后影响的试验研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:河海大学,2006.(ZENG Changnu.Laboratory test study on the influence of percent fines on silt liquefaction and post-liquefaction[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2006.(in Chinese))
[8]郭秀军,张志阔,贾永刚,等.黄河口饱和粉土的电性特征及其工程地质应用[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):593–598.(GUO Xiujun,ZHANG Zhikuo,JIA Yonggang,et al.Electrical resistivity feature of saturated silty soil in Yellow River estuarine area and its engineering geology application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):593–598.(in Chinese))
[9]孙永福,董立峰,宋玉鹏.黄河水下三角洲粉质土扰动土层特征及成因探析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1494–1499.(SUN Yongfu,DONG Lifeng,SONG Yupeng.Analysis of characteristics and formation of disturbed soil on subaqueous delta of Yellow River[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1494–1499.(in Chinese))
[10]DUMAS J C,BEATON N F,MOREL J F.Dynamic compaction of saturated silt and silty sand—a case history[J].ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication,1994,45(10):9–13.
[11]SUNITSAKUL J.Dynamic behavior of silty soils[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Corvallis,USA:Oregon State University,2005.
[12]SANINA M V,WIJEWICKREME D.Cyclic shear response of channel-fill Fraser River Delta silt[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(9):854–869.
[13]UCHAIPICHAT A,KHALILI N.Experimental investigation of thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated silt[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(4):339–353.
[14]ZHU Z D,LIU S Y.Utilization of a new soil stabilizer for silt subgrade[J].Engineering Geology,2008,97(3/4):192–198.
[15]东营市勘察测绘院.东营飞机场航站楼岩土工程勘察报告[R].东营:东营市勘察测绘院,2008.(Dongying Institute of Prospecting and Mapping.Geotechnical investigation report of Dongying airport terminal[R].Dongying:Dongying Institute of Prospecting and Mapping,2008.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237–1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL237–1999Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]《岩土工程手册》编写委员会.岩土工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.(Compilation Committee of Manual for Geotechnical Engineering.Manual for geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[18]汪稔,胡建华.旁压试验在苏通大桥地质勘察工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(6):887–891.(WANG Ren,HU Jianhua.Application of pressuremeter test to estimating intensity parameters in geological exploration for Sutong Bridge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(6):887–891.(in Chinese))
[19]孟高头.土体原位测试机制、方法及工程应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(MENG Gaotou.Mechanism and method of in-situ testing and its application to engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese))
[20]MARCHETTI S.The flat dilatometer(DMT)and its application to geotechnical design[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1999:56–61.
[21]MARCHETTI S.In-situ tests by flat dilatometer[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(3):299–321.
[2]景立平,崔杰,李立云,等.粉土液化的小型振动台试验研究[J].地震工程与工程振动,2004,24(3):145–151.(JING Liping,CUI Jie,LI Liyun,et al.Small shaking table modelling of silty soil liquefaction[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2004,24(3):145–151.(in Chinese))
[3]马德翠,单红仙,周其健.黄河三角洲粉质土的动模量和阻尼比试验研究[J].工程地质学报,2005,13(3):353–360.(MA Decui,SHAN Hongxian,ZHOU Qijian.Experimental study on shear modulus and damping ratio characteristics of silty soil in the delta of Yellow River[J].Journal of Engineering Geology,2005,13(3):353–360.(in Chinese))
[4]单红仙,段兆臣,刘正银,等.粉质土重复振动液化与效果研究[J].水利学报,2006,37(1):57–80.(SHAN Hongxian,DUAN Zhaochen,LIU Zhengyin,et al.Repeated liquefaction and the effect on properties of silt[J].Journal of Hydraulic Engineering,2006,37(1):57–80.(in Chinese))
[5]孟凡丽,卢成原,王姗姗.波浪荷载下粉质土动应变和动强度的试验研究[J].浙江工业大学学报,2007,35(6):671–674.(MENG Fanli,LU Chengyuan,WANG Shanshan.Experimental study on dynamic strain and strength of silt under wave load[J].Journal of Zhejiang University of Technology,2007,35(6):671–674.(in Chinese))
[6]贾永刚,栾海晶,许国辉,等.振动导致黄河口粉质土性质与起动流速的变化[J].岩土力学,2007,28(6):1123–1128.(JIA Yonggang,LUAN Haijing,XU Guohui,et al.Changes in geotechnical properties of silt and its critical erosion threshold in Yellow River estuary:influence of vibrating load[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(6):1123–1128.(in Chinese))
[7]曾长女.细粒含量对粉土液化及液化后影响的试验研究[博士学位论文][D].南京:河海大学,2006.(ZENG Changnu.Laboratory test study on the influence of percent fines on silt liquefaction and post-liquefaction[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Nanjing:Hohai University,2006.(in Chinese))
[8]郭秀军,张志阔,贾永刚,等.黄河口饱和粉土的电性特征及其工程地质应用[J].岩土力学,2007,28(3):593–598.(GUO Xiujun,ZHANG Zhikuo,JIA Yonggang,et al.Electrical resistivity feature of saturated silty soil in Yellow River estuarine area and its engineering geology application[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2007,28(3):593–598.(in Chinese))
[9]孙永福,董立峰,宋玉鹏.黄河水下三角洲粉质土扰动土层特征及成因探析[J].岩土力学,2008,29(6):1494–1499.(SUN Yongfu,DONG Lifeng,SONG Yupeng.Analysis of characteristics and formation of disturbed soil on subaqueous delta of Yellow River[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2008,29(6):1494–1499.(in Chinese))
[10]DUMAS J C,BEATON N F,MOREL J F.Dynamic compaction of saturated silt and silty sand—a case history[J].ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication,1994,45(10):9–13.
[11]SUNITSAKUL J.Dynamic behavior of silty soils[Ph.D.Thesis][D].Corvallis,USA:Oregon State University,2005.
[12]SANINA M V,WIJEWICKREME D.Cyclic shear response of channel-fill Fraser River Delta silt[J].Soil Dynamics and Earthquake Engineering,2006,26(9):854–869.
[13]UCHAIPICHAT A,KHALILI N.Experimental investigation of thermo-hydro-mechanical behaviour of an unsaturated silt[J].Geotechnique,2009,59(4):339–353.
[14]ZHU Z D,LIU S Y.Utilization of a new soil stabilizer for silt subgrade[J].Engineering Geology,2008,97(3/4):192–198.
[15]东营市勘察测绘院.东营飞机场航站楼岩土工程勘察报告[R].东营:东营市勘察测绘院,2008.(Dongying Institute of Prospecting and Mapping.Geotechnical investigation report of Dongying airport terminal[R].Dongying:Dongying Institute of Prospecting and Mapping,2008.(in Chinese))
[16]中华人民共和国行业标准编写组.SL237–1999土工试验规程[S].北京:中国水利水电出版社,1999.(The Professional Standards Compilation Group of People′s Republic of China.SL237–1999Specification of soil test[S].Beijing:China Water Power Press,1999.(in Chinese))
[17]《岩土工程手册》编写委员会.岩土工程手册[M].北京:中国建筑工业出版社,1994.(Compilation Committee of Manual for Geotechnical Engineering.Manual for geotechnical engineering[M].Beijing:China Architecture and Building Press,1994.(in Chinese))
[18]汪稔,胡建华.旁压试验在苏通大桥地质勘察工程中的应用[J].岩土力学,2003,24(6):887–891.(WANG Ren,HU Jianhua.Application of pressuremeter test to estimating intensity parameters in geological exploration for Sutong Bridge[J].Rock and Soil Mechanics,2003,24(6):887–891.(in Chinese))
[19]孟高头.土体原位测试机制、方法及工程应用[M].北京:地质出版社,1997.(MENG Gaotou.Mechanism and method of in-situ testing and its application to engineering[M].Beijing:Geological Publishing House,1997.(in Chinese))
[20]MARCHETTI S.The flat dilatometer(DMT)and its application to geotechnical design[R].[S.l.]:[s.n.],1999:56–61.
[21]MARCHETTI S.In-situ tests by flat dilatometer[J].Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division,ASCE,1980,106(3):299–321.
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