花岗岩高温高压条件下冲击旋转破碎规律研究
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摘要
花岗岩在高温高压环境下会产生热破裂,强度减小,断裂韧度降低。研究不同温度条件下冲击回转凿岩规律具有重要意义,可以为设计地热开采的新型钻探方法提供理论依据。利用中国矿业大学的"20 MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机"、大尺寸(φ200 mm×400 mm)花岗岩试样研究了花岗岩在高温高压状态下的冲击旋转破岩规律。得出以下结论:①在高围压状态下,随着温度升高,花岗岩的强度逐渐降低,冲击旋转钻进速度随之逐渐增大;②在高围压状态,冲击旋转破岩的单位破岩能耗随着温度升高而降低,凿岩效率明显提高;③在高温高压环境下,在一定钻压和冲击功率范围内,凿岩速度随着钻压或冲击功率的增大而增大,单位破岩能耗基本随着钻压的增大而减小。
The thermo-cracking of granite will happen under high temperature and high pressure.Its intensity and fracture toughness both decrease.Study on the percussive rotary drilling law under various temperatures is of great significance because it can provide a theoretical basis for new drilling process designed for geothermal production.The law of impact grinding through experiments on a large-size(φ 200 mm × 400 mm) granite is studied by use of the 20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and pressure.The conclusions are as follows:(1) under high pressure,the intensity of granite gradually decreases and the percussive rotary drilling speed increases gradually with the increase of temperature;(2) under high pressure,the unit energy consumption for percussive rotary drilling decreases and the drilling efficiency is greatly improved with the increase of temperature;(3) under high temperature and high pressure and within some drilling pressure and percussive power limit,the drilling speed increases with the increase of pressure or power.The unit rock-crashing power consumption gradually decreases with the increase of pressure.
The thermo-cracking of granite will happen under high temperature and high pressure.Its intensity and fracture toughness both decrease.Study on the percussive rotary drilling law under various temperatures is of great significance because it can provide a theoretical basis for new drilling process designed for geothermal production.The law of impact grinding through experiments on a large-size(φ 200 mm × 400 mm) granite is studied by use of the 20 MN servo-controlled triaxial rock testing machine with high temperature and pressure.The conclusions are as follows:(1) under high pressure,the intensity of granite gradually decreases and the percussive rotary drilling speed increases gradually with the increase of temperature;(2) under high pressure,the unit energy consumption for percussive rotary drilling decreases and the drilling efficiency is greatly improved with the increase of temperature;(3) under high temperature and high pressure and within some drilling pressure and percussive power limit,the drilling speed increases with the increase of pressure or power.The unit rock-crashing power consumption gradually decreases with the increase of pressure.
引文
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[16]黄万志,林元华.冲击回转钻具的能量传递和参数选择[J].西南石油学院学报,1997,19(4):74–79.(HUANG Wan-zhi,LIN Yuan-hua.Energy delivery and parameters selection of hydro-hammer drilling tool[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1997,19(4):74–79.(in Chinese))
[17]郭孝先.液压凿岩机冲击功能参数研究目标[J].凿岩机械气动工具,1989(2):50–56.(GUO Xiao-xian.Research on the hydraulic rock drill impact function parameters[J].Pneumatic Tools Used in Rock Drilling Machines,1989(2):50–56.(in Chinese))
[18]高澜庆.液压凿岩机主要工作参数对凿岩速度影响的实验研究[J].凿岩机械气动工具,1996(4):52–54.(GAO Lanq-ing.Experimental Study on hydraulic rock drill main parameters to the speed of the impact[J].Pneumatic Tools Used in Rock Drilling Machines,1996(4):52–54.(in Chinese))
[2]赵阳升,孟巧荣,康天河.显微CT试验技术与花岗岩热破裂特征的细观研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):28–33.(ZHAO Yang-sheng,MENG Qiao-rong,KANG Tian-he.Micro-CT experimental technology and meso-investigation on thermal fracturing characteristics of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):28–33.(in Chinese))
[3]万志军,赵阳升,董付科,等.高温及三轴应力下花岗岩体力学特的实验研究.[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):72–77.(WAN Zhi-jun,ZHAO Yang-sheng,DONG Fu-ke,et al.Experimental study on mechanical characteristics of granite under high temperatures and triaxial stresses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):72–77.(in Chinese))
[4]赵阳升,万志军,张渊,等.20 MN伺服控制高温高压岩体三轴试验机的研制[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2008,27(1):1–8.(ZHAO Yang-sheng,WAN Zhi-jun,ZHANG Yuan,et al.Research and development of 20 MN servo-controlled rock triaxial testing system with high temperature and high pressure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2008,27(1):1–8.(in Chinese))
[5]周永胜,蒋海昆,何昌荣.不同温压条件下居庸关花岗岩脆塑性转化与失稳型式的实验研究[J].中国地震,2002,18(4):389–400.(ZHOU Yong-sheng JIANG Hai-kun,HE Chang-rong.Experiments of brittle-plastic transition,modes of instability of juyongguan granite at different T-P condition[J].Earthquake Research in China,2002,18(4):389–400.(in chinese))
[6]王靖涛,赵爱国,黄明昌.岩石断裂韧度的高温效应[J].岩土工程学报,1989,11(6):113–19.(WANG Jing-tao,ZHAO Ai-guo,HUANG Ming-chang.Effect of high-temperature on the fracture toughness of granite[J].Chinese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering,1989,11(6):113–119.(in Chinese))
[7]BRENNSTEINER E.BHM(Berg一Huttenman-nis Che Monatshefte).1979,Heft10:473–482.
[8]徐小荷,余静.岩石破碎学[M].北京:煤炭工业出版社,1984.(XU Xiao-he,YU Jing.The study of rock breaking[M].Beijing:China Coal Industry Press,1984.(in Chinese))
[9]左明星,王佟,曾铁军.定福庄地热试验井成井工艺研究[J].中国煤田地质,2006,12(6):52–54.(ZUO Ming-xing,WANG Tong,ZENG Tie-jun.A study on well completion technology of a geothermal test well in Dinfuzhuang[J].Coal Geology of China,2006,12(6):52–54.(in Chinese))
[10]赵光贞.山东地区地热井钻井工艺技术[J].探矿工程,2006,6:43–45.(ZHAO Guang-zhen.Drilling techniques of geothermal well in Shandong region[J].Exploration Engineering,2006,6:43–45.(in Chinese))
[11]蒋海昆,张流,周永胜.不同温度条件花岗岩变形破坏及声发射时序特征[J].地震,2000,20(3):87–94.(JIANG Hai-kun,ZHANG Liu,ZHOU Yong-sheng.Characteristics of AE temporal sequences in the process of deformation and failure of graniteat high pressure and different temperatures[J].Earthquake,2000,20(3):87–94.(in Chinese))
[12]刘泉声,许锡昌,山口勉,等.三峡花岗岩与温度及时间相关的力学性质试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):715–719.(LIU Quan-sheng,XU Xi-chang,YAMAG Uchit,et al.Testing study on mechanical properties of the three gorges granite concerning temperature and time[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(5):715–719.(in Chinese))
[13]万志军,赵阳升,康建荣.高温岩体地热资源模拟与预测方法[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(6):945–949.(WAN Zhi-jun,ZHAO Yang-sheng,KANG Jian-rong.Simulation and forecast method ofgeothermal resources in hot dry rock[J].Chinese Journal of RockMechanics and Engineering,2005,24(6):945–949.(in Chinese))
[14]张晶瑶,马万昌,张凤鹏,等.高温条件下岩石结构特征的研究[J].东北大学学报(自然科学版),1996,17(1):5–9.(ZHANG Jing-yao,MA Wan-chang,ZHANG Fen-peng,et al.On rock structure character under high temperature[J].J ournal of Northeastern University(Natural Science)1996,17(1):5–9.(in Chinese))
[15]赵伏军,李夕兵,冯涛,等.动静载荷耦合作用下岩石破碎理论分析及试验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(8):1315–1321.(ZHAO Fu-jun,LI Xi-bing,FENG Tao,et al.Theoretical analysis and experiments of rock fragmentation under coupling dynamic and static loads[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2005,24(8):1315–1321.(in Chinese))
[16]黄万志,林元华.冲击回转钻具的能量传递和参数选择[J].西南石油学院学报,1997,19(4):74–79.(HUANG Wan-zhi,LIN Yuan-hua.Energy delivery and parameters selection of hydro-hammer drilling tool[J].Journal of Southwest Petroleum Institute,1997,19(4):74–79.(in Chinese))
[17]郭孝先.液压凿岩机冲击功能参数研究目标[J].凿岩机械气动工具,1989(2):50–56.(GUO Xiao-xian.Research on the hydraulic rock drill impact function parameters[J].Pneumatic Tools Used in Rock Drilling Machines,1989(2):50–56.(in Chinese))
[18]高澜庆.液压凿岩机主要工作参数对凿岩速度影响的实验研究[J].凿岩机械气动工具,1996(4):52–54.(GAO Lanq-ing.Experimental Study on hydraulic rock drill main parameters to the speed of the impact[J].Pneumatic Tools Used in Rock Drilling Machines,1996(4):52–54.(in Chinese))
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