拟线性摩擦阻尼器性能试验与有限元分析
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摘要
提出一种拟线性摩擦阻尼器,其构造部件主要包括套筒、滑动轴和摩擦环。滑动轴与摩擦环同轴连接为一个整体,套筒中部的内径稍大于其他部位,在内壁形成很浅的凹槽,摩擦环装配在此凹槽内。通过合理设计,使得初始状态时摩擦环与套筒内壁保持间隙配合,二者接触面上无接触应力;而当滑动轴相对套筒左右移动时,摩擦环与套筒内壁形成过盈配合,在接触面上产生摩擦应力,偏离初始位置的移动幅度越大,接触面产生的摩擦阻力也越大,使该阻尼器提供近似线性滞回阻尼,即阻尼力的大小与位移幅值近似成正比,阻尼力的方向与速度相同。有限元数值模拟和试验研究结果表明:该阻尼器能够实现位移相关的线性滞回阻尼的基本特征,基于弹性力学给出的近似计算公式能够反映试验得到阻尼器滞回特性,可以用于阻尼器的初步设计。
A pseudo-linear friction damper including sleeve cylinder,sliding shaft and friction ring is presented in this paper.Sliding shaft and friction ring are coaxially connected as a whole body.The inside diameter in the central zone of the sleeve cylinder is slightly larger than the other parts,which means that a very shallow groove exists in the inner wall of the sleeve cylinder.The friction ring is assembled in the groove.By a careful design,the friction ring and the sleeve are closely fitted but intact,and when the sliding shaft moves relatively to the sleeve,friction stress develops following the interaction between the friction ring and the sleeve.The greater the slipping shaft departing from the initial location,the greater the friction damping force is induced.Assuming the friction stress is equal within in the zone of interaction,the damping force is then proportional to the deformation amplitude,and the direction of damping force is the same as the velocity.The results of finite element numerical simulation and model tests show that the damper can basically realize displacement dependent linear hysteretic damping.The approximate calculation formula derived from theory of elasticity can basically reflect the hysteretic characteristics of the damper obtained from experiments and can be used for preliminary design.
A pseudo-linear friction damper including sleeve cylinder,sliding shaft and friction ring is presented in this paper.Sliding shaft and friction ring are coaxially connected as a whole body.The inside diameter in the central zone of the sleeve cylinder is slightly larger than the other parts,which means that a very shallow groove exists in the inner wall of the sleeve cylinder.The friction ring is assembled in the groove.By a careful design,the friction ring and the sleeve are closely fitted but intact,and when the sliding shaft moves relatively to the sleeve,friction stress develops following the interaction between the friction ring and the sleeve.The greater the slipping shaft departing from the initial location,the greater the friction damping force is induced.Assuming the friction stress is equal within in the zone of interaction,the damping force is then proportional to the deformation amplitude,and the direction of damping force is the same as the velocity.The results of finite element numerical simulation and model tests show that the damper can basically realize displacement dependent linear hysteretic damping.The approximate calculation formula derived from theory of elasticity can basically reflect the hysteretic characteristics of the damper obtained from experiments and can be used for preliminary design.
引文
[1]吴斌,欧进萍.拟粘滞摩擦耗能器的性能试验与分析[J].世界地震工程,1999,15(1):1-11.(Wu Bin,Ou Jinping.Behavior of pseudo-viscous frictional energy dissipators[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,1999,15(1):1-11.(in Chinese))
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[5]杨飚,欧进萍.压电变摩擦阻尼器减振结构的数值分析[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(6):1-5.(Yang Yang,Ou Jinping.Numerical analysis for piezoelectric friction damper control of structure vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2005,24(6):1-5.(in Chinese))
[6]杨飚,欧进萍,刘光聪.T形压电变摩擦阻尼器性能试验与分析[J].压电与声光,2005,27(5):580-582.(Yang Yang,Ou Jinping,Liu Guangcong.Performance tests and analysis of T-shape PZT variable friction damper[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2005,27(5):580-582.(in Chinese))
[7]王伟,李庆祥.电磁摩擦耗能装置结构体系被动控制试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(12):17-22.(Wang Wei,Li Qinxiang.An experimental study on electromagnet-friction energy dissipation device in passive structural control[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(12):17-22.(in Chinese))
[8]Alessandra Z,Inaudi J A,Kelly J M.Accuracy of the modal strain energy method[C]//Proceedings of SPIE:Smart Structures and Materials:Passive Damping.Orlando,FL,USA:The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,2193:284-295.
[9]Inaudi J A,George L,Kelly J M.Single degree of freedom nonlinear homogeneous systems[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1994,120(7):1543-1562.
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[11]Inaudi J A,Kelly J M.Linear hysteretic damping and the hilbert transform[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1995,121(5):626-632.
[12]Inaudi J A,Nicos M.Time-domain analysis of linear hysteretic damping[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(6):529-545.
[13]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.On the analysis of structures with energy dissipating restraints[R].UCB/EERC-93/13.Berkeley,USA:University of California,Berkeley,1993.
[14]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.Linear-friction dissipators for truss structures[C]//Proceedings of SPIE:Smart Structures and Materials:Passive Damping.Orlando,FL,USA:The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,2193:213-224.
[15]Nims D K,Inaudi J A,Richter P J,et al.Application of the energy dissipating restraint to buildings[C]//Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation,Energy Dissipation,and Active Control.ATC17-1-2.San Francisco,California:Applied Technology Council,1993:627-638.
[16]Nims D K,Richter P J,Bachman R E.The use of the energy dissipating restraint for seismic hazard mitigation[J].Earthquake Spectra,1993,9(3):467-489.
[17]Kobori T.Seismic response controlled structure with active variable stiffness system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22(11):925-94.
[18]彭凌云.向心式摩擦阻尼器的理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.(Peng Lingyun.Theoretic analysis and application research on energy dissipating restraint[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[19]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1975.
[20]Zhou Xiyuan,Peng Lingyun.A new type of damper with friction-variable characteristics[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(4):507-520.
[21]Keiji Kitajima,Hideaki Chikui,Hideaki Ageta,et al.Application to response control retrofit method by means of external damping braces using firction dampers[C]//The13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper No.2112.Vancouver,BC,Canada:Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering,2004.
[22]数字化手册编委会.机械设计手册[M].软件版.北京:化学工业出版社,2008.(Editorial Committee of Digital Handbooks.Mechanical design manual[M].Software Version.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[23]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.(Xu Zhilun.Elastic mechanics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)).
[2]吴斌,欧进萍.高层拟粘滞摩擦耗能结构的试验与参数研究[J].世界地震工程,1999,15(2):17-27.(Wu Bin,Ou Jinping.Earthquake simulation testing and parameter study of high-rise building with pseudo-viscous frictional energy dissipators[J].World Information on Earthquake Engineering,1999,15(2):17-27.(in Chinese))
[3]吴斌,张纪刚,欧进萍.一种改进的拟粘滞摩擦阻尼器的试验研究与数值分析[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(1):24-30.(Wu Bin,Zhang Jigang,Ou Jinping.Testing and numerical analysis of an improved pseudo-viscous frictional damper[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(1):24-30.(in Chinese))
[4]欧进萍,杨飏.压电-T形变摩擦阻尼器及其性能试验与分析[J].地震工程与工程振动,2003,23(4):171-177.(Ou Jinping,Yang Yang.Piezoelectric-T shape variable friction damper and its performance tests and analysis[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2003,23(4):171-177.(in Chinese))
[5]杨飚,欧进萍.压电变摩擦阻尼器减振结构的数值分析[J].振动与冲击,2005,24(6):1-5.(Yang Yang,Ou Jinping.Numerical analysis for piezoelectric friction damper control of structure vibration[J].Journal of Vibration and Shock,2005,24(6):1-5.(in Chinese))
[6]杨飚,欧进萍,刘光聪.T形压电变摩擦阻尼器性能试验与分析[J].压电与声光,2005,27(5):580-582.(Yang Yang,Ou Jinping,Liu Guangcong.Performance tests and analysis of T-shape PZT variable friction damper[J].Piezoelectrics&Acoustooptics,2005,27(5):580-582.(in Chinese))
[7]王伟,李庆祥.电磁摩擦耗能装置结构体系被动控制试验研究[J].土木工程学报,2004,37(12):17-22.(Wang Wei,Li Qinxiang.An experimental study on electromagnet-friction energy dissipation device in passive structural control[J].China Civil Engineering Journal,2004,37(12):17-22.(in Chinese))
[8]Alessandra Z,Inaudi J A,Kelly J M.Accuracy of the modal strain energy method[C]//Proceedings of SPIE:Smart Structures and Materials:Passive Damping.Orlando,FL,USA:The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,2193:284-295.
[9]Inaudi J A,George L,Kelly J M.Single degree of freedom nonlinear homogeneous systems[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1994,120(7):1543-1562.
[10]Inaudi J A,Kelly J M.Statistical linearization method in the preliminary design of structures with energy dissipating devices[C]//Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation,Energy Dissipation,and Active Control.ATC17-1-2.San Francisco,California:Applied Technology Council,1993:509-520.
[11]Inaudi J A,Kelly J M.Linear hysteretic damping and the hilbert transform[J].Journal of Engineering Mechanics,1995,121(5):626-632.
[12]Inaudi J A,Nicos M.Time-domain analysis of linear hysteretic damping[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1996,25(6):529-545.
[13]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.On the analysis of structures with energy dissipating restraints[R].UCB/EERC-93/13.Berkeley,USA:University of California,Berkeley,1993.
[14]Inaudi J A,Nims D K,Kelly J M.Linear-friction dissipators for truss structures[C]//Proceedings of SPIE:Smart Structures and Materials:Passive Damping.Orlando,FL,USA:The International Society for Optical Engineering,1994,2193:213-224.
[15]Nims D K,Inaudi J A,Richter P J,et al.Application of the energy dissipating restraint to buildings[C]//Proceedings of Seminar on Seismic Isolation,Energy Dissipation,and Active Control.ATC17-1-2.San Francisco,California:Applied Technology Council,1993:627-638.
[16]Nims D K,Richter P J,Bachman R E.The use of the energy dissipating restraint for seismic hazard mitigation[J].Earthquake Spectra,1993,9(3):467-489.
[17]Kobori T.Seismic response controlled structure with active variable stiffness system[J].Earthquake Engineering and Structural Dynamics,1993,22(11):925-94.
[18]彭凌云.向心式摩擦阻尼器的理论分析与应用研究[D].北京:北京工业大学,2004.(Peng Lingyun.Theoretic analysis and application research on energy dissipating restraint[D].Beijing:Beijing University of Technology,2004.(in Chinese))
[19]Clough R W,Penzien J.Dynamics of structures[M].New York:McGraw-Hill Inc.,1975.
[20]Zhou Xiyuan,Peng Lingyun.A new type of damper with friction-variable characteristics[J].Earthquake Engineering and Engineering Vibration,2009,8(4):507-520.
[21]Keiji Kitajima,Hideaki Chikui,Hideaki Ageta,et al.Application to response control retrofit method by means of external damping braces using firction dampers[C]//The13th World Conference on Earthquake Engineering.Paper No.2112.Vancouver,BC,Canada:Canadian Association for Earthquake Engineering,2004.
[22]数字化手册编委会.机械设计手册[M].软件版.北京:化学工业出版社,2008.(Editorial Committee of Digital Handbooks.Mechanical design manual[M].Software Version.Beijing:Chemical Industry Press,2008.(in Chinese))
[23]徐芝纶.弹性力学[M].北京:高等教育出版社,2000.(Xu Zhilun.Elastic mechanics[M].Beijing:Higher Education Press,2000.(in Chinese)).
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