高拱坝-坝肩结构的抗震稳定与加固
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摘要
将变形加固理论拓展到非线性有限元时程分析中,建立高拱坝-坝肩结构抗震稳定评价与加固设计体系:结构动力塑性余能定义为欧氏应力空间协调动平衡应力场与协调稳定应力场距离的平方,以此作为结构整体抗震稳定评价指标,确定结构动力破坏程度较大的若干时刻。这些时刻不平衡力分布则表征了结构动力破坏的主导形态与程度。根据最小塑性余能原理,不平衡力就是维持结构稳定所需最优加固力的反力,据此更有针对性地指导抗震加固设计。对马吉高拱坝-坝肩结构进行抗震稳定与加固分析,结果表明拱坝上部坝肩是其抗震薄弱部位,并给出其最优加固力分布。该应用表明,基于变形加固理论的结构抗震稳定评价与加固设计体系对大型实际工程具有实用性。
The deformation reinforcement theory is introduced into nonlinear FE time history analysis to establish a system of the aseismatic stability evaluation and reinforcement design of high arch dam-abutment structure.In this system,the dynamic plastic complementary energy is defined as the square of the Euclidean space distance between two compatible stress fields controlled by dynamic equilibrium and constitutive relation respectively,and it is regarded as an evaluation criterion of global aseismatic stability.This criterion can be used to find the moments when high level dynamic damages occur,and the distributions of unbalanced force at these critical moments reveal the dominant patterns and extents of the damages.By the principle of minimum plastic complementary energy,the unbalanced force is just the counterforce of optimal reinforcement force to stabilize the structure,which makes the aseismatic reinforcement design more targeted and effective.An analysis of the aseismatic stability and reinforcement is performed for the Maji high arch dam-abutment structure.The results show that the upper abutment is the most vulnerable under earthquake actions,and how the optimal reinforcement force there is distributed.This case study indicates that the established system has a good applicability to large-scale practical projects.
The deformation reinforcement theory is introduced into nonlinear FE time history analysis to establish a system of the aseismatic stability evaluation and reinforcement design of high arch dam-abutment structure.In this system,the dynamic plastic complementary energy is defined as the square of the Euclidean space distance between two compatible stress fields controlled by dynamic equilibrium and constitutive relation respectively,and it is regarded as an evaluation criterion of global aseismatic stability.This criterion can be used to find the moments when high level dynamic damages occur,and the distributions of unbalanced force at these critical moments reveal the dominant patterns and extents of the damages.By the principle of minimum plastic complementary energy,the unbalanced force is just the counterforce of optimal reinforcement force to stabilize the structure,which makes the aseismatic reinforcement design more targeted and effective.An analysis of the aseismatic stability and reinforcement is performed for the Maji high arch dam-abutment structure.The results show that the upper abutment is the most vulnerable under earthquake actions,and how the optimal reinforcement force there is distributed.This case study indicates that the established system has a good applicability to large-scale practical projects.
引文
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[15]杨强,薛利军,王仁坤,赵文光.岩体变形加固理论及非平衡态弹塑性力学[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3704～3712.YANG Qiang,XUE Lijun,WANG Renkun,ZHAO Wenguang.Reinforcement theory considering deformation mechanism of rockmass and non-equilibrium eleasto-plastic Mech.[J].Chinese J.Rock Mech.and Eng.,2005,24(20):3704～3712.(inChinese)
[16]YANG Qiang,LIU Yaoru,CHEN Yingru,ZHOU Weiyuan.Deformation reinforcement theory and its application to high arch dams[J].Science in China,Ser E-Tech Sci,2008,51(Supp.II):32～47.
[17]陈厚群,张伯艳,涂劲.浅论拱坝坝肩抗震稳定[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(6):40～44.CHEN Houqun,ZHANG Boyan,TU Jin.Study on dynamic stability of arch dam abutment[J].J.of Hydroelectric Eng.,2004,23(6):40～44.(in Chinese)
[18]杨强,杨晓君,陈新.基于D-P准则的理想弹塑性本构关系积分研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):15～19.YANG Qiang,YANG Xiaojun,CHEN Xin.On integration algorithms for perfect plasticity based on Drucker-Prager Criterion[J].Eng.Mech.,2005,22(4):15～19.(in Chinese)
[2]陈厚群.高拱坝抗震设计研究进展[J].中国水利,2000,447(9):62～68.CHEN Houqun.Progress of anti-seismic design and research for high arch dams[J].China Water Resources,2000,447(9):62～68.(in Chinese)
[3]金峰,张楚汉,王光纶.拱坝-地基动力相互作用的时域模型[J].土木工程学报,1997,30(1):43～51.JIN Feng,ZHANG Chuhan,WANG Guanglun.A time domain model of arch dam rock foundation interaction[J].China Civil Eng.J.,1997,30(1):43～51.(in Chinese)
[4]刘晶波,谷音,杜义欣.一致粘弹性人工边界及粘弹性边界单元[J].岩土工程学报,2006,28(9):1070～1075.LIU Jingbo,GU Yin,DU Yixin.Consistent viscous-spring artificial boundaries and viscous-spring boundary elements[J].ChineseJ.Geotechnical Eng.,2006,28(9):1070～1075.(in Chinese)
[5]谷音,刘晶波,杜义欣.三维一致粘弹性人工边界及等效粘弹性边界单元[J].工程力学,2007,24(12):31～37.GU Yin,LIU Jingbo,DU Yixin.3D consistent viscous-spring artificial boundary and viscous-spring boundary element[J].Eng.Mech.,2007,24(12):31～37.(in Chinese)
[6]杜修力,王进廷.拱坝-可压缩库水-地基地震波动反应分析方法[J].水利学报,2002,(6):83～90.DU Xiuli,WANG Jinting.Analysis method for seismic response of arch dam-compressible water-foundation systems[J].J.ofHydraulic Eng.,2002,(6):83～90.(in Chinese)
[7]龙渝川,周元德,张楚汉.基于两类横缝接触模型的拱坝非线性动力响应研究[J].水利学报,2005,36(9):1094～1099.LONG Yuchuan,ZHOU Yuande,ZHANG Chuhan.A comparison study of nonlinear dynamic responses of arch dams based on twotypes of contraction joint models[J].J.of Hydraulic Eng.,2005,36(9):1094～1099.(in Chinese)
[8]侯艳丽,张楚汉,崔玉柱.用刚体弹簧元研究拱坝的地震破损过程[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(4):20～25.HOUYanli,ZHANG Chuhan,CUI Yuzhu.Study on seismic damage and rupture of arch dams by rigid-spring elements[J].J.ofHydroelectric Eng.,2004,23(4):20～25.(in Chinese)
[9]潘坚文,王进廷,张楚汉.超强地震作用下拱坝的损伤开裂分析[J].水利学报,2007,38(2):143～149.PAN Jianwen,WENG Jinting,ZHANG Chuhan.Analysis of damage and cracking in arch dams subjected to extremely strongearthquake[J].J.Hydraulic Eng.,2007,38(2):143～149.(in Chinese)
[10]张冲,金峰,徐艳杰.拱坝-坝肩整体动力稳定分析方法研究[J].水力发电学报,2007,26(2):27～36.ZHANG Chong,JIN Feng,XUYanjie.The dynamic analysis of arch dam-abutment stability[J].J.Hydroelectric Eng.,2007,26(2):27～36.(in Chinese)
[11]张伯艳,陈厚群.用有限元和刚体极限平衡方法分析分析坝肩抗滑稳定[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(5):665～670.ZHANG Boyan,CHEN Houqun.Analysis on abutment aseismatic stability by using finite element and rigid body limit equilibriummethod[J].Chinese J.Rock Mech.and Eng.,2001,20(5):665～670.(in Chinese)
[12]张伯艳,陈厚群,杜修力,张艳红.拱坝坝肩抗滑稳定性分析[J].水利学报,2000,(11):55～59.ZHANG Boyan,CHEN Houqun,Du Xiuli,Zhang Yanhong.Arch dam abutment asiesmatic stability analysis[J].J.HydraulicEng.,2000,(11):55～59.(in Chinese)
[13]宋战平,李宁,陈飞熊.高拱坝坝肩裂隙岩体的三维非线性抗震稳定性分析[J].岩土工程学报,2004,26(3):361～366.SONG Zhanping,LI Ling,CHEN Feixiong.Three dimensional nonlinear seismic stability analysis of abutment jointed rock mass ofhigh arch dam[J].Chinese Jounal of Geotechnical Eng.,2004,26(3):361～366.(in Chinese)
[14]杨强,周维垣,陈新.岩土工程加固分析中的最小余能原理和上限定理[A].∥冯夏庭,黄理兴编.21世纪的岩土力学与岩土工程[C].武汉:[s.n.],2003.158～166.YANG Qiang,ZHOU Weiyuan,CHEN Xin.The principle of minimum complementary energy and upper bound theorem ingeotechnical reinforcement analysis[A].FENG Xiating,HUANG Lixing ed.The GeoMech.and Geotechnical Eng.in the 21stCentury[C].Wuhan:[s.n.],2003.158～166.(in Chinese)
[15]杨强,薛利军,王仁坤,赵文光.岩体变形加固理论及非平衡态弹塑性力学[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2005,24(20):3704～3712.YANG Qiang,XUE Lijun,WANG Renkun,ZHAO Wenguang.Reinforcement theory considering deformation mechanism of rockmass and non-equilibrium eleasto-plastic Mech.[J].Chinese J.Rock Mech.and Eng.,2005,24(20):3704～3712.(inChinese)
[16]YANG Qiang,LIU Yaoru,CHEN Yingru,ZHOU Weiyuan.Deformation reinforcement theory and its application to high arch dams[J].Science in China,Ser E-Tech Sci,2008,51(Supp.II):32～47.
[17]陈厚群,张伯艳,涂劲.浅论拱坝坝肩抗震稳定[J].水力发电学报,2004,23(6):40～44.CHEN Houqun,ZHANG Boyan,TU Jin.Study on dynamic stability of arch dam abutment[J].J.of Hydroelectric Eng.,2004,23(6):40～44.(in Chinese)
[18]杨强,杨晓君,陈新.基于D-P准则的理想弹塑性本构关系积分研究[J].工程力学,2005,22(4):15～19.YANG Qiang,YANG Xiaojun,CHEN Xin.On integration algorithms for perfect plasticity based on Drucker-Prager Criterion[J].Eng.Mech.,2005,22(4):15～19.(in Chinese)
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