受载岩石与混凝土声发射特性对比实验研究
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摘要
通过室内加载岩石和混凝土的实验方法,测试了两类不同性质的岩石以及混凝土的破裂全过程的力学特征及其声发射特性,得到了岩石和混凝土破坏全过程力学特性曲线、声发射事件累积数、声发射事件率等相关曲线及参数,研究了声发射事件数、事件率、应力水平与时间参数之间的关系。通过对比岩石和混凝土声发射特性,指出了岩石声发射特性与混凝土声发射特性的相似与不同之处,以及两类不同性质岩石本身声发射特性的区别。研究着重讨论了一次性加载过程中混凝土与塑性阶段明显的岩石在加载接近峰值强度时都出现明显的"耗时"现象,指出存在这种现象的试样在此阶段声发射事件率出现明显下降,出现声发射相对平静,而对于塑性阶段不明显岩石来说,这一阶段则基本不存在明显的"耗时"现象,声发射的监测中也没有相对平静现象。此外,还对时间参数在声发射监测研究中的重要性进行了总结和分析,指出常规室内岩石力学研究中可以忽略的时间参数在声发射研究中应该被足够地重视。
The full failure,of loading rock samples and concrete samples were tested and its mechanics characteristics and Acoustic Emission (AE) characteristics were studied.The curves of mechanics characteristics and AE accumulative total and AE rate of concrete and rock failure were got.And the AE features including the relationships between AE and time,AE and stress were studied.By comparing the AE characteristics between rock,their different and similar AE characteristics were pointed out.The time-consuming phenomenon was discussed to both rock samples and concrete samples whose plastic deformation is obvious when stress is close to peak value strength at the process of one time loading.It was pointed out that the AE rate of those samples which have this time-consuming phenomenon will be declined and AE quietude will also appear in this stage.But for brittle rocks,neither this timeconsuming phenomenon nor AE quietude will appear.In addition,the value of the parameter of time was analyzed and summarized in AE monitoring and studying.Time parameter should be paid more attention to in AE studying despite it could be ignored in general indoor rock mechanics experiment research.
The full failure,of loading rock samples and concrete samples were tested and its mechanics characteristics and Acoustic Emission (AE) characteristics were studied.The curves of mechanics characteristics and AE accumulative total and AE rate of concrete and rock failure were got.And the AE features including the relationships between AE and time,AE and stress were studied.By comparing the AE characteristics between rock,their different and similar AE characteristics were pointed out.The time-consuming phenomenon was discussed to both rock samples and concrete samples whose plastic deformation is obvious when stress is close to peak value strength at the process of one time loading.It was pointed out that the AE rate of those samples which have this time-consuming phenomenon will be declined and AE quietude will also appear in this stage.But for brittle rocks,neither this timeconsuming phenomenon nor AE quietude will appear.In addition,the value of the parameter of time was analyzed and summarized in AE monitoring and studying.Time parameter should be paid more attention to in AE studying despite it could be ignored in general indoor rock mechanics experiment research.
引文
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[13]Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure un-der uniaxial multilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.[张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.]
[14]Jiang Chun,Feng Deyi.Fuzzy recognition and analysis of quiet anomaly of seismic activity before large Earthquakes[J].Earthquakes Research in China,1989,5(3):18-25.[蒋淳,冯德益.大震前地震活动平静异常的模糊识别与分析[J],中国地震,1989,5(3):18-25.]
[2]勝山邦久.声发射(AE)技术的应用[M].冯夏庭,译.北京:冶金工业出版社,1996.
[3]Chen Yong,Application of AE techniques in rock mechan-ics[J].Geophysics Journal,1977,20(4):312-322.[陈颙.声发射技术在岩石力学中的应用[J].地球物理学报,1977,20(4):312-322.]
[4]Li Junping.Application of AE techniques in geotechnical engineering[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,1995,14(4):371-376.[李俊平.声发射技术在岩土工程中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,1995,14(4):371-376.]
[5]Ji Hongguang,Pei Guangwen,Shan Xiaoyun.Technique of acoustic emission for concrete m aterial[J].Applied Acous-tics,2002,21(4):1-5.[纪洪广,裴广文,单晓云.混凝土材料声发射技术研究综述[J].应用声学,2002,21(4):1-5.]
[6]Wu Gang,Zhao Zhenyang.Acoustic emission character of rock materials failure during various stress states[J].Chi-nese Journal of Geotechnical Engineering.1998,20(2):82-85.[吴刚,赵震洋.不同应力状态下岩石类材料破坏的声发射特性[J].岩土工程学报,1998,20(2):82-85.]
[7]Yin Xiangang,Li Shulin,Tang Haiyan,et al.Study on a-coustic emission features in the process of rocks-destroying[J].Mining Research and Development,2003,23(3):9-11.[尹贤刚,李庶林,唐海燕等.岩石破坏过程声发射特征研究[J].矿业研究与开发,2003,23(3):9-11.]
[8]Li Shulin,Yin Xiangang,Wang Yongjia.Studies on acous-tic emission characteristics of uniaxial compressive rock fail-ure[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineer-ing,2004,23(15):2499-2503.[李庶林,尹贤刚,王泳嘉.单轴受压岩石破坏全过程声发射特征研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2004,23(15):2499-2503.]
[9]谢和平.岩石、混凝土损伤力学[M].徐州:中国矿业大学出版社,2004.
[10]Ji Hongguang,Wang Jicai,Shan Xiaoyun,et al.Fractal characteristics of AE process of concrete material and appli-cation to the fracture analyses[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2001,20(6):801-804.[纪洪广,王基才,单晓云,等.混凝土材料声发射过程分形特征及其在断裂分析中的应用[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2001,20(6):801-804.]
[11]Ma Shengli,Jiang Haikun,Hu Xiaoyan,et al.A discussion on mechanism for seismic quiescence before large earth-quakes based on experimental results of acoustic emission[J].Seismology and Geology,2004,26(3):426-435.[马胜利,蒋海昆,扈小燕,等.基于声发射实验结果讨论大震前地震活动平静现象的机制[J].地震地质,2004,26(3):426-435.]
[12]Xu Dongqiang,Zhou Changda,Xu Zhaoyong.Influence of rigidity of rock sample and pressure machine on relative quite of acoustic emission prior to main rupture in rock[J].Journal of Seismological Research,1994,17(8):802-807.[徐东强,周昌达,许昭永.岩石试件刚度及压力机刚度对岩石主破裂前声发射相对平静的影响[J].地震研究,1994,17(8):802-807.]
[13]Zhang Ru,Xie Heping,liu Jianfeng,et al.Experimental study on acoustic emission characteristics of rock failure un-der uniaxial multilevel loadings[J].Chinese Journal of Rock Mechanics and Engineering,2006,25(12):2584-2588.[张茹,谢和平,刘建锋,等.单轴多级加载岩石破坏声发射特性实验研究[J].岩石力学与工程学报,2006,25(12):2584-2588.]
[14]Jiang Chun,Feng Deyi.Fuzzy recognition and analysis of quiet anomaly of seismic activity before large Earthquakes[J].Earthquakes Research in China,1989,5(3):18-25.[蒋淳,冯德益.大震前地震活动平静异常的模糊识别与分析[J],中国地震,1989,5(3):18-25.]
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