利用InSAR资料反演2008年西藏改则M_w 6.4和M_w 5.9地震的断层参数
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摘要
2008年1月9日在我国西藏改则发生了一次M_w6.4地震,随后有40次3.5级以上余震发生,其中最大的一次为1月16 H的M_w 5.9余震.本文处理了ENVISAT ASAR两轨(升轨和降轨)同震资料,精确确定了同震地表位移的空间分布;随后利用弹性半空间的位错模拟确定了上述事件的断层面参数;最后,基于非均匀滑动模型反演确定了两次地震断面上的滑动分布.结果表明,M_w 6.4主震断层为走向218°、倾角52°的西倾断层,最大滑动量约1.9 m,出现在地表以下约7.6 km处;而M_w 5.9余震发生在主震断层西3.2 km的地方,发震断层为走向200°、倾角59°的西倾断层,最大滑动量约1.0m,出现在地表以下约3.9 km处.
On 9 January 2008, an M_W6. 4 earthquake struck Gerze, Tibet of China, followed by 40 aftershocks with magnitudes equal to or greater than 3. 5, including the biggest one with M_W 5. 9 on 16 January 2008. Two tracks (1 ascending and 1 descending) of ENVISAT ASAR data were processed to precisely determine the locations and amplitudes of coseismic surface displacements firstly. Then the coseismic displacements were inverted to build uniform dislocation models and further distributed-slip models in an elastic half-space. The inverted results suggest that the M_W 6. 4 main shock is associated with a west-dipping fault plane with a strike of 218° and a dip of 52°, while the M_W 5. 9 aftershock is related with a west-dipping fault plane, 3. 2 km west to the main fault, with a strike of 200° and a dip of 59°; and the peak slip of 1. 9 m is located at a depth of 7. 6 km in the main fault, whilst the maximum slip of 1. 0 m is observed at a depth of 3. 9 km in the aftershock fault plane.
On 9 January 2008, an M_W6. 4 earthquake struck Gerze, Tibet of China, followed by 40 aftershocks with magnitudes equal to or greater than 3. 5, including the biggest one with M_W 5. 9 on 16 January 2008. Two tracks (1 ascending and 1 descending) of ENVISAT ASAR data were processed to precisely determine the locations and amplitudes of coseismic surface displacements firstly. Then the coseismic displacements were inverted to build uniform dislocation models and further distributed-slip models in an elastic half-space. The inverted results suggest that the M_W 6. 4 main shock is associated with a west-dipping fault plane with a strike of 218° and a dip of 52°, while the M_W 5. 9 aftershock is related with a west-dipping fault plane, 3. 2 km west to the main fault, with a strike of 200° and a dip of 59°; and the peak slip of 1. 9 m is located at a depth of 7. 6 km in the main fault, whilst the maximum slip of 1. 0 m is observed at a depth of 3. 9 km in the aftershock fault plane.
引文
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[2] 张培震,王琪,马宗晋.青藏高原现今变形特征与GPS速度场.地学前缘(中国地质大学,北京),2002,9(2) :442～450Zhang P Z,Wang Q,Ma Z J.GPS velocity field and active crustal deformation in and around the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.Earth Science Frontiers (China University of Geosciences,Beijing) (in Chinese),2002,9(2) :442～450
[3] Taylor M,Peltzer G.Current slip rates on conjugate strikeslip faults in central Tibet using synthetic aperture radar interferometry.J.Geophys.Res.,2006,111,B12402,doi:10． 1029/2005JB004014
[4] Massonnet D,Rossi M,Carmona C,et al.The displacement field o:the Landers earthquake mapped by radar interferometry.Nature,1993,364:138～ 142
[5] Zebker H A,Rosen P A,Goldstein R M.On the derivation of coseismic displacement fields using differential radar interferometry:The Landers earthquake.J.Geot:hys.Res.,1994,99(B10) :19617～ 19634
[6] Massonnet D,Feigl K,Rossi M,et al.Radar Interferometric mapping of deformation in the year after the Landers Earthquake.Nature,1994,369:227～230
[7] Funning G J,Parsons B,Wright T J.Fault slip in the 1997 Manyi,Tibet earthquake from linear elastic modelling of InSAR displacements.Geophys.J.Int.,2007,169:988 ～ 1008
[8] Peltzer G,Crampe F,King G.Evidence of nonlinear elasticity of the crust from the M_w7． 6 Manyi (Tibet) earthquake.Science,1999,286:272～276
[9] 单新建,马 瑾,王长林等.利用星载D-InSAR技术获取的地表形变场提取玛尼地震震源断层参数.中国科学(D辑), 2002,32(10) :837～844
Shah X J,Ma J,Wang C L,et al.Obtain focal parameters of Mani earthquake using ground deformation field by Spacebone D-InSAR.Science in China (Serie.s D) (in Chinese),2002,32 (10) :837～844
[10] 孙建宝,石耀霖,沈正康等.基于线弹性模型反演1997年西 藏玛尼M_w7． 5级地震的干涉雷达同震形变场-Ⅰ均匀滑动反演.地球物理学报,2007,50(4) :1097～1110Sun J B,Shi Y L,Shen Z K,et al.Parameter inversion of the 1997 Mani earthquake from INSAR co-seismic deformation field based on linear elastic dislocation model I.Uniform slip inversion.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2007,50 (4) :1097～1110
[11] 刘国祥,丁晓利,李志伟等.ERS卫星雷达干涉测量:1999年台湾集集大地震震前和同震位移场.地球物理学报,2002,45(增):165～174Liu G X,Ding X L,Li Z L,et al.Pre and co-seismic ground deformations of the 1999 Chi-Chi,Taiwan earthquake,measured with SAR interferometry.Chinese J.Geophys.(in Chinese),2002,45(Suppl.):165～174
[12] Lasserre C,Peltzer G,Crampre F,et al.Coseismic deformation of the 2001 M_w=7． 8 Kokoxili earthquake in Tibet,measured by synthetic aperture radar interferometry.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,B12408,doi:10． 1029/ 2004JB003500
[13] 马 超,单新建.昆仑山口西Ms8． 1地震InSAR斜距向同震位错分解.地震研究,2005,28(3) :284～287Ma C,Shan X J.InSAR sland range co-seismic dislocation decomposing of the Ms8． 1 earthquake in the West of Kunlun Mt.Pass.Journal of Seismological Research (in Chinese),2005,28(3) :284～287
[14] Biner R,Bollinger L.Horizontal coseismic deformation of the 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake measured from spot-5 THR satellite imagery.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2005,32,L02307,doi:10． 1029/2004GL021897
[15] Fialko Y,Sandwell D,Simons M,et al.Three-dimensional deformation caused by the Bam,Iran,earthquake and the origin of shallow slip deficit.Nature,2005,435:295 ～ 299,doi:10． 1038/nature03425
[16] Funning G j,Parsons B,Wrigth T J.Surface displacements and source parameters of the 2003 Bam (Iran) earthquake from Envisat advanced synthetic aperture radar imagery.J.Geophys.Res.,2005,110,B09406,doi:10． 1029/ 2004JB003338
[17] Zerbker H A,Villasenor J.Decorrelation in interferometric radar echoes.IEEE Transactions on Geoscience and Remote Sensing,1992,30(5) :950～959
[18] Fialko Y,Simons M,Agnew D.The complete (3-D) surface displacement field in the epicentral area of the 1999 Mw7． 1 Hector Mine earthquake,California,from space geodetic observations.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2001,28 (16) :3063 ～ 3066
[19] Stock C,Smith E G C.Evidence for different scaling of earthquake source parameters for large earthquakes depending on faulting mechanism.Geophys.J.Int.,2000,143:157～162
[20] Wright TJ,Lu Z,WicksC.Source model for the M_w6． 7,23 October 2002,Nenana Mountain Earthquake (Alaska) from InSAR.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2003,30(18) :1974,doi:10． 1029/2003GL018014
[21] Wright T J,Parsons B E,Jackson J A,et al.Source parameters of the 1 Octorber 1995 Dinar (Turkey) earthquake from SAR interferometry and seismic bodywave modelling.Earth and Planetary Science Letters,1999,172:23～37
[22] Sun J,Shen Z,Xu X,et al.Synthetic normal faulting of the 9 January 2008 Nima (Tibet) earthquake from conventional and along-track SAR interferometry.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2008,35,L22308,doi:10． 1029/2008GL035691
[23] Okada Y.Internal deformation due to shear and tensile faults in a half-space.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,1992,85(2) :1018～1040
[24] Motagh M,Wang R,Walter T R,et al.Coseismic slip model of the 2007 August Pisco earthquake (Peru) as constrained by Wide Swath radar observations.Geophys.J.Int.,2008, 174(3) :842～848
[25] Rosen P A,Henley S,Peltzer G,et al.Updated repeat orbit interferometry package released.EOS,Transactions American Geophyical Union,2004,85(5) ,doi:10． 1029/2004EO050004
[26] Jónsson S,Zebker H,Segall P,et al.Fault slip distribution of the 1999 M_w7． 1 Hector mine,California earthquake,estimated from satellite radar and GPS measurements.Bull.Seism.Soc.Am.,2002,92(4) :1377～1389
[27] Fukahata Y,Wright T J.A non-linear geodetic data inversion using ABIC for slip distribution on a fault with an unknown dip angle.Geophys.J.Int.,2008,173:353～364
[28] Kennedy J,Eberhart R.Particle swarm optimization.Proc.of the IEEE Conf.on Neural Networks,1995,4:1942～ 1948
[29] Coleman T F,Li Y.A reflective Newton method for minimizing a quadratic function subject to bounds on some of the variables.SIAM Journal on Optimization,1996,6(4) :1040～1058
[30] Wright T J,Parsons B E,Lu Z.Toward mapping surface deformation in three dimensions using InSAR.Geophys.Res.Lett.,2004,31,L01607,doi:10． 1029/2003GL018827
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